Mars' atmosphere is primarily composed of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and argon gases, with trace

amounts of other gases[1][2][3][4][5]. According to the European Space Agency (ESA), the composition
of Mars' atmosphere is approximately 95.32% carbon dioxide, 2.7% nitrogen, 1.6% argon, and 0.13%
oxygen[1]. The atmosphere of Mars is over 100 times thinner than Earth's, with an average surface
pressure of about 6.35 millibars, which is less than 1% of Earth's atmospheric pressure[1][2][3]. The thin
atmosphere and its composition make it impossible for humans to breathe Martian air[1].

The composition of Mars' atmosphere can change periodically due to temperature variations. The
atmosphere changes over the course of a day and seasonally, leading to significant changes in
composition and air pressure[1]. For example, the ground on Mars gets extremely cold at night, causing
major and minor constituents of the atmosphere to condense or stick to the soil grains more at colder
temperatures, leading to changes in composition[1]. Additionally, seasonal variations change the global
air pressure on Mars, affecting the composition of gases in the atmosphere[1].

In summary, Mars' atmosphere is primarily composed of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and argon, with trace
amounts of other gases, and its composition and pressure can change significantly over time due to
temperature and seasonal variations[1][2][3][4][5].

Citations:

[1] https://www.space.com/16903-mars-atmosphere-climate-weather.html

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Mars

[3] https://marsed.asu.edu/mep/atmosphere

[4] https://www.britannica.com/place/Mars-planet/Composition-and-surface-pressure

[5] https://www.nasa.gov/missions/with-mars-methane-mystery-unsolved-curiosity-serves-scientists-a-
new-one-oxygen/