Selected Agricultural Indicators, Malaysia, 2018

INDIKATOR PERTANIAN TERPILIH
SELECTED AGRICULTURAL INDICATORS
2018
Pemakluman/Announcement:
Dimaklumkan bahawa Kerajaan Malaysia telah mengisytiharkan Hari

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Please be informed that the Government of Malaysia has declared

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ISSN 2289-2257
KATA PENGANTAR
Indikator Pertanian Terpilih, Malaysia, 2018 merupakan penerbitan tahunan yang

memuatkan statistik prestasi ekonomi, guna tenaga, pengeluaran domestik dan
perdagangan luar negeri bagi sektor pertanian. Statistik ini dipaparkan dalam tiga
subsektor pertanian utama iaitu tanaman, ternakan dan perikanan.
Penerbitan ini meliputi penyusunan statistik daripada pelbagai agensi termasuk Jabatan
Perangkaan Malaysia. Statistik sektor pertanian merupakan input yang bermanfaat
kepada penyelidik, agensi kerajaan dan pembuat dasar bagi menilai dan merancang
pembangunan sektor ini.
Bahagian pertama dan kedua penerbitan ini masing-masing memaparkan infografik dan
ringkasan penemuan. Bahagian ketiga pula memuatkan statistik bagi indikator pertanian
manakala bahagian keempat mengandungi nota teknikal yang menerangkan konsep dan
definisi bagi memudahkan pengguna memahami statistik ini.
Jabatan merakamkan setinggi-tinggi penghargaan di atas kerjasama yang diberikan oleh

semua pihak yang telah menyumbang dalam penerbitan ini. Maklum balas dan cadangan
untuk penambahbaikan penerbitan ini pada masa akan datang amat dihargai.
DATO' SRI DR. MOHD UZIR MAHIDIN

Ketua Perangkawan Malaysia
Disember 2018
Indikator Pertanian Terpilih

2018 I Selected Agricultural Indicators
iii
PREFACE
Selected Agricultural Indicators, Malaysia, 2018 is an annual publication comprises

statistics on economic performance, employment, domestic production and external
trade for the agriculture sector. These statistics are presented in three main agriculture
sub-sectors namely crops, livestock and fisheries.
This publication consists of compilation of statistics from various agencies including

Department of Statistics, Malaysia. Statistics on the agriculture sector serves as an
invaluable input to researchers, government agencies and policy makers in evaluating
and planning for the development of the sector.
The first and second sections of this publication present the infographic and summary of
findings. The third section shows statistics on agriculture indicators while section four
contains technical notes which explain the concepts and definitions to guide users in
understanding the statistics.
The Department gratefully acknowledges the cooperation rendered by all parties who
have contributed to this publication. Feedback and suggestions towards improving future
publication is highly appreciated.
DATO' SRI DR. MOHD UZIR MAHIDIN

Chief Statistician, Malaysia
December 2018

iv Selected Agricultural Indicators | 2018
KANDUNGAN
CONTENTS
Muka surat
Page
Kata pengantar iii

Preface iv
Senarai jadual statistik vi

List of statistical tables
Infografik 3
Infographic 5
Ringkasan penemuan 9
Summary of findings 18
Jadual statistik
29
Statistical tables
Nota teknikal 77
Technical notes 83
Sumber data
91
Data sources

v
Jadual Senarai jadual statistik Muka surat
Tables List of statistical tables Page
EKONOMI SEKTOR PERTANIAN

ECONOMY OF AGRICULTURE SECTOR
1 KDNK mengikut jenis aktiviti ekonomi, 2013-2017 29

(harga malar 2010)
GDP by kind of economic activity, 2013-2017 (constant 2010 prices)
2 KDNK mengikut jenis aktiviti ekonomi, 2013-2017 31

(harga malar 2010) - Sumbangan peratusan kepada KDNK
GDP by kind of economic activity, 2013-2017 (constant 2010 prices)
- Percentage share to GDP
3 KDNK mengikut jenis aktiviti pertanian, 2013-2017 33

(harga malar 2010) - Sumbangan peratusan kepada sektor
pertanian
GDP by kind of agriculture activity, 2013-2017 (constant 2010 prices)
- Percentage share to agriculture sector
4 KDNK mengikut negeri, 2013-2017 (harga malar 2010) 34

GDP by state, 2013-2017 (constant 2010 prices)
5 KDNK mengikut negeri bagi sektor pertanian, 2013-2017 35

(harga malar 2010) - Sumbangan peratusan kepada KDNK
negeri
GDP by state for agriculture sector, 2013-2017 (constant 2010
prices) - Percentage share to state GDP
PENGELUARAN
PRODUCTION
6 Pengeluaran tanaman terpilih, Malaysia, 2013-2017 36

Production of selected crops, Malaysia, 2013-2017
7 Bilangan ternakan mengikut jenis, Malaysia, 2013-2017 38

Number of livestock by type, Malaysia, 2013-2017
8 Bilangan ternakan mengikut jenis dan negeri, Malaysia, 2017 38

Number of livestock by type and state, Malaysia, 2017
9 Bilangan sembelihan ternakan yang direkod mengikut jenis 39

dan negeri, Malaysia, 2017
Number of recorded slaughter of livestock by type and state,
Malaysia, 2017
10 Pengeluaran hasilan ternakan, Malaysia, 2013-2017 39

Production of livestock products, Malaysia, 2013-2017
11 Pendaratan ikan laut mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2013-2017 40

Landings of marine fish by state, Malaysia, 2013-2017

vi Selected Agricultural Indicators | 2018
12 Pengeluaran akuakultur air tawar dan air payau/masin 41

mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2013-2017
Aquaculture production of freshwater and brackishwater by state,
Malaysia, 2013-2017
13 Pengeluaran dan nilai ikan hiasan mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 42

2013-2017
Production and value of ornamental fish by state, Malaysia,
2013-2017
KELUASAN TANAMAN
AREA OF CROPS
14 Keluasan bertanam bagi tanaman terpilih, Malaysia, 43

2013-2017
Planted areas for selected crops, Malaysia, 2013-2017
GUNA TENAGA DI SEKTOR PERTANIAN

EMPLOYMENT IN THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR
15 Penduduk bekerja di sektor pertanian, Malaysia, 2013-2017 45

Employed persons in the agriculture sector, Malaysia, 2013-2017
16 Penduduk bekerja mengikut industri dan kewarganegaraan, 45

Malaysia, 2013-2017
Employed persons by industry and citizenship, Malaysia, 2013-2017
17 Taburan peratus penduduk bekerja dalam sektor pertanian 48

mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2013-2017
Percentage distribution of employed persons in the agriculture sector
by state, Malaysia, 2013-2017
PENGELUARAN INDUSTRI ASAS TANI

PRODUCTION OF AGRO-BASED INDUSTRIES
18 Indeks Pengeluaran Perindustrian (IPP) ‐ Pembuatan 49

(item terpilih), Malaysia, 2013-2017
Industrial Production Index (IPI) ‐ Manufacturing (selected items),
Malaysia, 2013-2017

vii
HARGA BAGI SUBKUMPULAN MAKANAN DAN

MINUMAN BUKAN ALKOHOL
PRICES FOR SUB-GROUPS OF FOOD AND
NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
19 Indeks Harga Pengguna (IHP) bagi subkumpulan makanan 51

dan minuman bukan alkohol, Malaysia, 2013-2017
Consumer Price Index (CPI) for sub‐groups of food and non-alcoholic
beverages, Malaysia, 2013-2017
PERDAGANGAN LUAR NEGERI SEKTOR PERTANIAN

EXTERNAL TRADE FOR AGRICULTURE SECTOR
20 Perdagangan luar negeri sektor pertanian, Malaysia, 52

2013-2017
External trade for agriculture sector, Malaysia, 2013-2017
PERBANDINGAN ANTARABANGSA
INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON
21 Pengeluaran komoditi tanaman terpilih, Dunia, 2016 53

- Buah tandan segar (kelapa sawit)
Production on selected crop commodities, World, 2016
- Oil palm fruit

- Getah asli
Production on selected crop commodities, World, 2016
- Natural rubber

- Biji koko
Production on selected crop commodities, World, 2016 - Cocoa bean

- Lada
Production on selected crop commodities, World, 2016 - Pepper

- Kelapa
Production on selected crop commodities, World, 2016 - Coconut

- Nanas
Production on selected crop commodities, World, 2016 - Pineapple
27 Pengeluaran komoditi ternakan terpilih, Dunia, 2016 56

- Daging itik
Production on selected livestock commodities, World, 2016
- Duck meat

viii Selected Agricultural Indicators | 2018

- Daging ayam
- Chicken meat

- Daging babi
Production on selected livestock commodities, World, 2016 - Pork

- Daging kerbau
- Buffalo meat

- Telur burung lain-lain berkulit
- Other birds’ eggs in shell

- Telur ayam
- Hen eggs

- Susu kerbau
Top production on selected livestock commodities, World, 2016
- Buffalo milk
34 Pengeluaran bagi negara ASEAN terpilih, 2014‐2018 59

Production of paddy for selected ASEAN countries, 2014‐2018
35 Pengeluaran tangkapan ikan, Dunia, 2016 60

Production of fish capture, World, 2016
36 Pengeluaran akuakultur, Dunia, 2016 60

Production of aquaculture, World, 2016
37 Pengeluaran tangkapan ikan, Asia, 2016 61

Production of fish capture, Asia, 2016
38 Pengeluaran akuakultur, Asia, 2016 61

production of aquaculture, Asia, 2016

ix
KADAR SARA DIRI

SELF-SUFFICIENCY RATIO
39 Kadar sara diri bagi buah-buahan terpilih, Malaysia, 62

2013-2017
Self-sufficiency ratio of selected fruits, Malaysia, 2013-2017
40 Kadar sara diri bagi sayur-sayuran terpilih, Malaysia, 62

2013-2017
Self-sufficiency ratio of selected vegetables, Malaysia, 2013-2017
41 Kadar sara diri bagi hasilan ternakan terpilih, Malaysia, 63

2013-2017
Self-sufficiency ratio of selected livestock products, Malaysia,
2013-2017
42 Kadar sara diri bagi perikanan terpilih, Malaysia, 2013-2017 63

Self-sufficiency ratio of selected fisheries, Malaysia, 2013-2017
INDIKATOR-INDIKATOR LAIN
OTHER INDICATORS
43 Perbelanjaan penggunaan isi rumah bulanan purata, Malaysia, 64

1998-2016
Mean monthly household consumption expenditure, Malaysia,
1998-2016
44 Perbelanjaan terpilih penggunaan isi rumah bulanan purata, 65

Malaysia, 1998-2016
Selected mean monthly household consumption expenditure, Malaysia,
1998-2016
45 Harga purata ikan marin terpilih mengikut spesies, Malaysia, 66

2014-2018
Average price of selected marine fish by species, Malaysia, 2014-2018
46 Harga purata tanaman terpilih mengikut jenis, Malaysia, 67

2014-2018
Average price of selected crops by types, Malaysia, 2014-2018
47 Harga purata hasilan ternakan terpilih mengikut jenis, 73

Malaysia,
2014-2018
Average price of selected livestock products by types, Malaysia,
2014-2018

x Selected Agricultural Indicators | 2018
INFOGRAFIK
INFOGRAPHIC
Muka surat ini sengaja dibiarkan kosong
This page is deliberately left blank
Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia @StatsMalaysia
https://www.dosm.gov.my
KDNK 2017 – PERATUS SUMBANGAN MENGIKUT JENIS AKTIVITI EKONOMI

(HARGA MALAR 2010)
23.0%
Pembuatan
8.4%
Perlombongan &
5.6% pengkuarian
54.5%
8.2% Perkhidmatan
Pertanian
7.3% 11.4%
4.6%
Pembinaan
46.6%
KDNK 2017p
RM1,174.3
1.4% DUTI
18.6% 10.5% tambah Duti

IMPORT
bilion
Import
Sumber: Keluaran Dalam Negeri Kasar Tahunan 2010-2017
PERDAGANGAN LUAR NEGERI SEKTOR PERTANIAN
Eksport Import
2017: RM126,587 juta 2017: RM95,218 juta
2016: RM115,693 juta 2016: RM84,666 juta
Sumber: Kementerian Pertanian dan Industri Asas Tani
PENGELUARAN TANAMAN TERPILIH

Buah tandan segar
(kelapa sawit) (‘000 tan metrik)
Lada Biji koko

Kenaf
(batang kering)
Padi
Getah asli
2017 101,741.0 740.1 30.4 e 2,568.1

p 1.0 3.3
2016 86,325.3 673.5 29.2 2,739.6 1.8 10.3
Sumber: Booklet Statistik Tanaman 2018 (Subsektor Tanaman Makanan) - Jabatan Pertanian Malaysia, Lembaga Minyak Sawit Malaysia, Lembaga
Koko Malaysia, Lembaga Lada Malaysia dan Lembaga Kenaf dan Tembakau Negara
p = awalan e = anggaran

3
BILANGAN TERNAKAN
(Bilangan)
Babi
Lembu Bebiri 2017e: 1,647,594
2017e: 744,174 2017e: 137,872 2016: 1,654,381
2016: 737,827 2016: 138,479
Itik
2017e: 10,354,254
2016: 9,633,185
Kerbau
2017e: 119,264
2016: 119,133
Ayam Kambing
2017e: 308,255,475 2017e: 431,258
2016: 289,666,002 2016: 416,529
Sumber: Jabatan Perkhidmatan Veterinar e = anggaran
PENDARATAN IKAN LAUT DAN PENGELUARAN AKUAKULTUR
Ikan Laut (‘000 tan metrik)
2017 : 1,465.1 7.5%

2016 : 1,583.8
Akuakultur Air
Akuakultur Air Tawar Payau/Masin
2017 : 324.3 6.7%
2017 : 102.5 0.8%
2016 : 304.0
2016 : 103.3
Sumber: Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia
PENDUDUK BEKERJA DI SEKTOR PERTANIAN
(‘000 orang) (‘000 orang)
14,163.7 14,450.0
Penduduk bekerja
1,609.9 1,631.6
Penduduk bekerja
di sektor pertanian
1,238.0 Lelaki 1,259.7
371.9 Perempuan 371.9

Sumber: Laporan Survei Tenaga Buruh, Malaysia 2017

4
Selected Agricultural Indicators I 2018
Department of Statistics Malaysia @StatsMalaysia
https://www.dosm.gov.my
GDP 2017 – PERCENTAGE SHARE BY KIND OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

(CONSTANT 2010 PRICES)
23.0%
Manufacturing
8.4%
Mining & quarrying
5.6%
54.5%
8.2% Services
Agriculture
7.3% 11.4%
4.6%
Construction
46.6%
GDP 2017p
RM1,174.3
1.4% IMPORT
DUTIES billion
18.6% 10.5% plus Import
Duties
Source: Annual Gross Domestic Product 2010-2017
EXTERNAL TRADE OF AGRICULTURE SECTOR
Exports Imports
2017: RM126,587 million 2017: RM95,218 million
2016: RM115,693 million 2016: RM84,666 million
Source: Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry
PRODUCTION OF SELECTED CROPS

Fresh fruit bunches (‘000 tonnes)
(oil palm)
Cocoa
Pepper beans
Kenaf (dried stem)
Paddy
Natural
rubber
2017 101,741.0 740.1 30.4 e 2,568.1 p 1.0 3.3
2016 86,325.3 673.5 29.2 2,739.6 1.8 10.3
Source: Booklet of Crops Statistics 2018 (Food Crops Sub-sector) - Department of Agriculture Malaysia, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Malaysian Cocoa
Board, Malaysian Pepper Board and National Kenaf and Tobacco Board
p = preliminary e = estimate

5
NUMBER OF LIVESTOCK
(Number)
Swine
Cattle Sheep 2017e: 1,647,594
2017e: 744,174 2017e: 137,872 2016: 1,654,381
2016: 737,827 2016: 138,479
Duck
2017e: 10,354,254
2016: 9,633,185
Buffalo
2017e: 119,264
2016: 119,133
Chicken Goat
2017e: 308,255,475 2017e: 431,258
2016: 289,666,002 2016: 416,529
Source: Department of Veterinary Services e = estimate
MARINE FISH LANDING AND PRODUCTION OF AQUACULTURE
Marine fish (‘000 tonnes)
2017 : 1,465.1 7.5%

2016 : 1,583.8
Brackishwater
aquaculture
Freshwater aquaculture
2017 : 324.3 6.7%
2017 : 102.5 0.8% 2016 : 304.0
2016 : 103.3
Source: Department of Fisheries Malaysia
EMPLOYED PERSONS IN THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR
(‘000 persons) (‘000 persons)
14,163.7 14,450.0
Employed persons
1,609.9 1,631.6
Employed persons in the
agriculture sector
1,238.0 Male 1,259.7
371.9 Female 371.9

Source: Labour Force Survey Report, Malaysia 2017

6
RINGKASAN
PENEMUAN
SUMMARY OF
FINDINGS
RINGKASAN PENEMUAN
1. EKONOMI SEKTOR PERTANIAN
Keluaran Dalam Negeri Kasar (KDNK) Malaysia 2017 ialah RM1,174.3 bilion dengan
mencatatkan pertumbuhan 5.9 peratus berbanding 4.2 peratus pada tahun sebelumnya.
Dari segi komposisi, sektor pertanian menyumbang 8.2 peratus (RM96.0 bilion) kepada
KDNK.
Paparan 1: Peratus sumbangan kepada KDNK mengikut jenis aktiviti ekonomi,

2017 (harga malar 2010)
Perkhidmatan
54.5%
KDNK 2017 p
Pembuatan
RM1,174.3 bilion
23.0%
Perlombongan
& pengkuarian
8.4% Pembinaan
4.6%
DUTI tambah Duti Import

IMPORT
1.4%
Pertanian
8.2%
(RM96.0 bilion)
Kelapa sawit Ternakan Perikanan Getah Perhutanan & Pertanian lain

Pembalakan
46.6% 11.4% 10.5% 7.3% 5.6% 18.6%
Kelapa sawit merupakan penyumbang utama kepada KDNK sektor pertanian iaitu
46.6 peratus diikuti pertanian lain (18.6%), ternakan (11.4%), perikanan (10.5%), getah
(7.3%) dan perhutanan & pembalakan (5.6%) pada 2017.

9
RINGKASAN PENEMUAN
2. PENGELUARAN
2.1 Subsektor Tanaman
Pengeluaran tanaman tertinggi dicatatkan oleh buah tandan segar (kelapa sawit)
dengan peningkatan 15,415.7 ribu tan metrik (17.9%) pada 2017 berbanding
tahun sebelumnya. Manakala koko merekodkan pengeluaran terendah dengan
1.0 ribu tan metrik bagi tempoh masa yang sama.
Paparan 2: Pengeluaran tanaman terpilih, Malaysia, 2016 dan 2017
('000 tan metrik)
Buah tandan segar

(kelapa sawit)
17.9%
2017 : 101,741.0
2016 : 86,325.3
Kenaf (batang kering)
2017 : 3.3
2016 : 10.3
68.0%
Getah asli
9.9%
2017 : 740.1
2016 : 673.5
Biji koko
2017 : 1.0
2016 : 1.8
44.4%
Lada
4.1%
e
2017 : 30.4
2016 : 29.2
Padi
2017 : 2,568.1p
2016 : 2,739.6
6.3%
Sumber: Booklet Statistik Tanaman 2018 (Subsektor Tanaman Makanan) - Jabatan Pertanian Malaysia, Lembaga Minyak Sawit
Malaysia, Lembaga Koko Malaysia, Lembaga Lada Malaysia dan Lembaga Kenaf dan Tembakau Negara

10 Selected Agricultural Indicators | 2018
RINGKASAN PENEMUAN
2.2 Subsektor Ternakan
Bilangan ternakan itik menunjukkan peningkatan peratusan tertinggi (7.5%)

diikuti ayam (6.4%) dan kambing (3.5%). Manakala kedua-dua bebiri dan babi
mencatatkan peratusan penurunan masing-masing 0.4 peratus.
Paparan 3: Bilangan ternakan mengikut jenis, Malaysia, 2016 dan 2017
0.9%
2017 e : 744,174
2016 : 737,827
3.5% 0.1%
e
2017 : 431,258 2017 e : 119,264
2016 : 416,529 Lembu 2016 : 119,133
Kambing Kerbau
6.4% 0.4%
e e
2017 : 308,255,475 2017 : 1,647,594
2016 : 289,666,002 Ayam
Babi 2016 : 1,654,381
7.5% Itik Bebiri 0.4%
2017 e : 10,354,254 2017 e : 137,872

2016 : 9,633,185 2016 : 138,479
Sumber: Jabatan Perkhidmatan Veterinar
Paparan 4: Pengeluaran hasilan ternakan, Malaysia, 2016 dan 2017
('000 tan metrik)
3.7% Daging 3.3%

Telur ayam/itik lembu/kerbau Daging ayam/itik
2017 e : 874.0 2017 e : 49.6 2017 e : 1,724.4
2016 : 842.5 2016 : 48.0 2016 : 1,755.2 1.8%
Susu (segar) 3.3% Daging

(juta liter) kambing/bebiri Daging babi
e
2017 : 37.9 2017 e : 4.6 2017 e : 194.4
2016 : 36.7 2016 : 5.0 8.0% 2016 : 195.2 0.4%
Pengeluaran bagi telur ayam/itik meningkat pada 2017 sebanyak 3.7 peratus
diikuti susu segar dan daging lembu/kerbau masing-masing 3.3 peratus.

11
RINGKASAN PENEMUAN
2.3 Subsektor Perikanan
Pengeluaran akuakultur air payau/masin pada 2017 ialah 324.3 ribu tan metrik,
naik 6.7 peratus berbanding 304.0 ribu tan metrik pada 2016. Manakala
pengeluaran akuakultur air tawar dan pendaratan ikan laut masing-masing
menurun 0.8 peratus dan 7.5 peratus.
Paparan 5: Pendaratan ikan laut, pengeluaran akuakultur air tawar dan

air payau/masin, Malaysia, 2016 dan 2017
('000 tan metrik)
6.7%
Akuakultur air 2017 : 324.3
Ikan laut payau/masin 2016 : 304.0
2017 : 1,465.1 7.5% Akuakultur 2017 : 102.5

2016 : 1,583.8 air tawar 2016 : 103.3
Sumber: Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia 0.8%
3. KELUASAN BERTANAM Paparan 6: Keluasan bertanam tanaman terpilih,

Malaysia, 2016 dan 2017
Keluasan bertanam padi, getah, kelapa ('000 hektar) Kenaf (batang kering)
sawit, lada dan koko meningkat pada 2017 : 1.4
2016 : 2.5 44.0%
kadar yang sedikit. Sebaliknya, keluasan
bertanam kenaf (batang kering) Lada 1.8%
2017 : 17.1
menurun sebanyak 44.0 peratus kepada 2016 : 16.8
1.4 ribu hektar berbanding 2.5 ribu

Kelapa sawit
hektar pada tahun sebelumnya. Getah
1.0% 2017 : 5,811.1
2017 : 1,007.2 2016 : 5,738.0
2016 : 997.1 1.3%
Sumber: Booklet Statistik Tanaman 2018 (Subsektor Tanaman

Koko
Makanan) - Jabatan Pertanian Malaysia, Lembaga
e
0.6%
Minyak Sawit Malaysia, Lembaga Koko Malaysia, 2017 : 17.5
Lembaga Lada Malaysia dan Lembaga Kenaf dan 2016 : 17.4
Tembakau Negara
Padi 0.03%
2017 : 689.0 p
2016 : 688.8

RINGKASAN PENEMUAN
4. PENDUDUK BEKERJA DI SEKTOR PERTANIAN
Penduduk bekerja sektor pertanian meningkat 21.7 ribu orang (1.3%) pada 2017
dengan lelaki mendominasi sektor ini (77.2%). Daripada jumlah tersebut, bilangan
penduduk bekerja bukan warganegara seramai 611.0 ribu orang.
Paparan 7: Penduduk bekerja di sektor pertanian, 2016 dan 2017
('000 orang)
1,631.6 1,259.7 371.9
1.3%
Penduduk bekerja Lelaki Perempuan
1,609.9 1,238.0 371.9
5. PENGELUARAN INDUSTRI ASAS TANI
Di antara industri asas tani, empat industri menunjukkan peningkatan berbanding 2016
iaitu pembuatan minyak sawit bertapis (23.1%), pembuatan minyak isirong (16.4%),
pembuatan minyak sawit mentah (15.0%) dan pembuatan roti, kek dan produk bakeri
lain (10.8%).
Paparan 8: Indeks Pengeluaran Perindustrian (IPP) Pembuatan

(item terpilih), 2016 dan 2017
2016 dan 2017
Peratus
perubahan 23.1% 16.4% 15.0% 10.8%
tahunan
Pembuatan minyak Pembuatan minyak Pembuatan minyak Pembuatan roti, kek dan
sawit bertapis isirong sawit mentah produk bakeri lain

13
RINGKASAN PENEMUAN
6. INDEKS HARGA PENGGUNA BAGI SUBKUMPULAN MAKANAN DAN MINUMAN

BUKAN ALKOHOL
Indeks Harga Pengguna (IHP) bagi makanan dan minuman bukan alkohol pada 2017
ialah 128.8, kenaikan 4.0 peratus berbanding 2016. Ia disebabkan oleh kenaikan indeks
makanan di rumah (3.7%) dan makanan di luar rumah (4.8%).
Paparan 9: Indeks Harga Pengguna (IHP) bagi subkumpulan makanan dan

minuman bukan alkohol, Malaysia, 2017
Makanan
di rumah
Makanan
di luar rumah
7. PERDAGANGAN LUAR NEGERI SEKTOR PERTANIAN
Jumlah eksport dan import bagi sektor pertanian pada 2017 masing-masing
RM126,587 juta dan RM95,218 juta. Eksport dan import mencatatkan peningkatan
masing-masing 9.4 peratus dan 12.5 peratus. Imbangan perdagangan sektor pertanian
turut meningkat 1.1 peratus daripada RM31,027 juta pada 2016 kepada RM31,369 juta
pada 2017.
Paparan 10: Perdagangan luar negeri sektor pertanian, Malaysia, 2016 dan 2017
(RM juta)

RINGKASAN PENEMUAN
8. PERBELANJAAN PENGGUNAAN ISI RUMAH BULANAN PURATA
Purata perbelanjaan bulanan penggunaan isi rumah (2016) ialah RM4,033. Kumpulan
makanan dan minuman bukan alkohol mewakili 18.0 peratus (RM726) daripada
keseluruhan perbelanjaan dimana 3.9 peratus (RM158) adalah daripada subkumpulan
ikan dan makanan laut.
Paparan 11: Perbelanjaan penggunaan isi rumah bulanan purata, 2016
Makanan dan minuman

bukan alkohol
Perbelanjaan Penggunaan
Isi Rumah Bulanan Purata, Ikan dan
2016 makanan laut

15
RINGKASAN PENEMUAN
9. PERBANDINGAN ANTARABANGSA
Paparan 12: Pengeluaran padi1 bagi negara

ASEAN terpilih, 2018
9.1 Padi
Myanmar Viet Nam ('000 tan metrik) Indonesia menduduki tempat pertama
29,491.2 39,590.0
dalam pengeluaran padi pada 2018
Lao People's
Democratic Republic iaitu 83,263.2 ribu tan dan diikuti
4,502.6
Philippines
19,355.1
Viet Nam (39,590.0 ribu tan metrik).
Thailand
Cambodia Manakala pengeluaran Malaysia di
9,539.1
34,056.9
Brunei tempat kelapan dengan 3,064.8 ribu
2.6
Malaysia tan metrik.
3,064.8
Indonesia
83,263.2
Sumber: ASEAN Food Security Information System (AFSIS)

Nota: 1 Anggaran oleh AFSIS Secretariat
Paparan 13: Enam negara pengeluar getah asli

tertinggi, Dunia, 2016
9.2 Getah Asli
('000 tan metrik) Thailand merekodkan pengeluaran

Thailand
4,476.6 getah asli tertinggi dunia pada tahun
Indonesia 2016 (4,476.6 ribu tan metrik).
3,157.8
Pengeluaran getah asli Malaysia
Viet Nam adalah 673.5 ribu tan metrik dan
1,035.3
menduduki tangga keenam selepas
India
952.8
China (811.3 ribu tan metrik).
China
811.3
Malaysia
673.5
Sumber: FAOSTAT

RINGKASAN PENEMUAN
9.3 Buah tandan segar
Malaysia merupakan antara negara utama pengeluar buah tandan segar dunia. Pengeluaran
buah tandan segar Malaysia pada 2016 adalah 86,325.3 ribu tan metrik dan menduduki
tangga kedua selepas Indonesia (160,135.8 ribu tan metrik).
Paparan 14: Lima negara pengeluar buah tandan segar, Dunia, 2016
(‘000 tan metrik)
Indonesia Malaysia Thailand Nigeria Colombia
Sumber: FAOSTAT

17
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
1. ECONOMY OF THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR
Malaysia’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) stood at RM1,174.3 billion in 2017 with
a growth of 5.9 per cent as compared to 4.2 per cent in the preceding year. In terms of
composition, agriculture sector contributed 8.2 per cent (RM96.0 billion) to the GDP.
Exhibit 1: Percentage share to GDP by kind of economic activity,

2017 (constant 2010 prices)
Services
54.5%
GDP 2017 p
Manufacturing RM1,174.3 billion
23.0%
Mining &
quarrying
8.4% Construction
4.6%
IMPORT
plus Import Duties
DUTIES
1.4%
Agriculture
8.2%
(RM96.0 billion)
Oil palm Livestock Fishing Rubber Forestry & Other agriculture

logging
46.6% 11.4% 10.5% 7.3% 5.6% 18.6%
Oil palm was the major contributor to the GDP of agriculture sector at 46.6 per cent
followed by other agriculture (18.6%), livestock (11.4%), fishing (10.5%), rubber
(7.3%) and forestry & logging (5.6%) in 2017.

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
2. PRODUCTION
2.1 Crops sub-sector
The highest production of crops was recorded by fresh fruit bunches (oil palm)
with an increase of 15,415.7 thousand tonnes in 2017 as compared to
the previous year. On the contrary, cocoa recorded the lowest production
at 1.0 thousand tonnes for the same period.
Exhibit 2: Production of selected crops, Malaysia, 2016 and 2017
('000 tonnes)
Fresh fruit bunches

(oil palm)
17.9%
2017 : 101,741.0
2016 : 86,325.3
Kenaf (dried stem)
2017 : 3.3
2016 : 10.3
68.0%
Natural rubber
9.9%
2017 : 740.1
2016 : 673.5
Cocoa beans
2017 : 1.0
2016 : 1.8
44.4%
Pepper
4.1%
2017 : 30.4 e
2016 : 29.2
Paddy
2017 : 2,568.1p
2016 : 2,739.6
6.3%
Source: Booklet of Crops Statistics 2018 (Food Crops Sub-sector) - Department of Agriculture Malaysia, Malaysian Palm Oil Board,
Malaysian Cocoa Board, Malaysian Pepper Board and National Kenaf and Tobacco Board

19
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
2.2 Livestock Sub-sector
The number of ducks showed the highest percentage of increase (7.5%) followed
by chicken (6.4%) and goat (3.5%). Meanwhile, both sheep and swine recorded
a percentage decrease of 0.4 per cent.
Exhibit 3: Number of livestock by type, Malaysia, 2016 and 2017
0.9%
e
2017 : 744,174
2016 : 737,827
3.5% 0.1%
e
2017 : 431,258 2017 e: 119,264
2016 : 416,529 Cattle 2016 : 119,133
Goat Buffalo
6.4% 0.4%
e
e
2017 : 308,255,475 2017 : 1,647,594
2016 : 289,666,002 Chicken
Swine 2016 : 1,654,381
7.5% Duck Sheep 0.4%

e
2017 e: 10,354,254 2017 : 137,872
2016 : 9,633,185 2016 : 138,479
Source: Department of Veterinary Services
('000 tonnes)
Exhibit 4: Production of livestock products, Malaysia, 2016 and 2017
('000 tonne)
3.7% 3.3%
Chicken/duck egg Beef Poultry meat
2017 e : 874.0 e
2017 : 49.6 2017 e : 1,724.4
2016 : 842.5 2016 : 48.0 2016 : 1,755.2 1.8%
Milk (fresh) 3.3%

(million litres) Mutton Pork
e
2017 : 37.9 2017 e: 4.6 2017 e : 194.4
2016 : 36.7 2016 : 5.0 8.0% 2016 : 195.2 0.4%
Production of chicken/duck egg increased 3.7 per cent in 2017 followed by fresh
milk and beef at 3.3 per cent.
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
2.3 Fisheries Sub-sector
Production of brackishwater aquaculture in 2017 was 324.3 thousand tonnes,

increased 6.7 per cent against 304.0 thousand tonnes in 2016. Meanwhile,
the production of freshwater aquaculture and marine fish landings decreased
0.8 per cent and 7.5 per cent respectively.
Exhibit 5: Marine fish landings, production of freshwater and brackishwater

aquaculture Malaysia, 2016 and 2017
('000 tonnes)
6.7%
Brackishwater 2017 : 324.3
Marine fish aquaculture 2016 : 304.0
2017 : 1,465.1 7.5% Freshwater 2017 : 102.5

2016 : 1,583.8 aquaculture 2016 : 103.3
Source: Department of Fisheries 0.8%
3. PLANTED AREAS Exhibit 6: Planted areas of selected crops,

Malaysia, 2016 and 2017
The planted areas of paddy, rubber, oil ('000 hectares) Kenaf (dried stem)
palm, pepper and cocoa increased 2017 : 1.4
2016 : 2.5
44.0%
marginally. On the other hand, planted
area of kenaf (dried stem) decreased Pepper
1.8%
2017 : 17.1
by 44.0 per cent to 1.4 thousand 2016 : 16.8
hectares as compared to 2.5 thousand Oil Palm

hectares in the previous year. Rubber
1.0%
2017 : 5,811.1
2016 : 5,738.0
2017 : 1,007.2
2016 : 997.1 1.3%
Source: Booklet of Crops Statistics 2018 (Food Crops

Sub-sector) - Department of Agriculture Cocoa 0.6%
Malaysia, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Malaysian 2017 : 17.5 e
Cocoa Board, Malaysian Pepper Board and 2016 : 17.4
National Kenaf and Tobacco Board
Paddy 0.03%
2017 : 689.0 p
2016 : 688.8

21
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
4. EMPLOYMENT IN THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR
The number of employed persons in the agriculture sector increased 21.7 thousand
persons (1.3%) in 2017 of which males dominated the sector (77.2%). Out of the total,
the number of non-citizen employed persons was 611.0 thousand persons.
Exhibit 7: Employment in the agriculture sector, 2016 and 2017
('000 persons)
1,631.6 1,259.7 371.9
1.3%
Employed persons Male Female
1,609.9 1,238.0 371.9
5. PRODUCTION OF AGRO-BASED INDUSTRIES
Among the agro-based industries, four industries showed an increase as compared to

2016 namely manufacture of refined palm oil (23.1%), manufacture of palm kernel oil
(16.4%), manufacture of crude palm oil (15.0%) and manufacture of bread, cakes and
other bakery products (10.8%).
Exhibit 8: Industrial Production Index (IPI) Manufacturing (selected item),

2016 and 2017
Annual
percentage 23.1% 16.4% 15.0% 10.8%
change
Manufacture of refine Manufacture of palm Manufacture of crude Manufacture of bread, cakes

palm oil kernel oil palm oil and other bakery products

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
6. CONSUMER PRICE INDEX FOR SUB-GROUPS OF FOOD AND NON-ALCOHOLIC

BEVERAGES
Consumer Price Index (CPI) for food and non-alcoholic beverages in 2017 was 128.8,
an increase of 4.0 per cent as compared to 2016. This was attributed by the increase in
the index for food at home (3.7%) and food away from home (4.8%).
Exihibit 9: Consumer Price Index (CPI) for sub-groups of food and non-alcoholic
beverages, Malaysia, 2017
Food at
home
Food away
from home
7. EXTERNAL TRADE FOR AGRICULTURE SECTOR
Total exports and imports in 2017 for agriculture sector were RM126,587 million and
RM95,218 million respectively. Exports and imports recorded an increase of 9.4 per cent
and 12.5 per cent respectively. Balance of trade for agriculture sector also increased
1.1 per cent from RM31,027 million in 2016 to RM31,369 million in 2017.
Exhibit 10: External trade for agriculture sector, Malaysia, 2016 and 2017
(RM million)
Source: Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry

23
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
8. MEAN MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE
The mean monthly household consumption expenditure (2016) was RM4,033.

Food and non-alcoholic beverages group represented 18.0 per cent (RM726) from
the total expenditure of which 3.9 per cent (RM158) was from sub-group of fish and
seafood.
Exhibit 11: Mean monthly household consumption expenditure, 2016
Food and non-alcoholic

beverages
Mean Monthly Household

Consumption Expenditure, Fish and
2016 seafood

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
9. INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON
Exhibit 12: Paddy production1 for selected ASEAN

countries, 2018
9.1 Paddy
Myanmar Viet Nam ('000 tonnes) Indonesia’s paddy production ranks

29,491.2 39,590.0
first in 2018 at 83,263.2 thousand
Lao People's
Democratic Republic tonnes and followed by Viet Nam
4,502.6
Philippines (39,590.0 thousand tonnes).
19,355.1
Thailand
Cambodia Meanwhile, Malaysia's production ranks
9,539.1
34,056.9
Brunei 8th with 3,064.8 thousand tonnes.
2.6
Malaysia
3,064.8
Indonesia
83,263.2
Source: ASEAN Food Security Information System (AFSIS)

Note: 1 Estimate by AFSIS Secretariat
Exhibit 13: Six countries of natural rubber

producer, World, 2016
9.2 Natural rubber
Thailand
('000 tonnes) Thailand recorded the highest natural
4,476.6 rubber production in the world in 2016
Indonesia (4,476.6 thousand tonnes). Malaysia
3,157.8
natural rubber production amounted
Viet Nam
673.5 thousand tonnes and ranked 6th
1,035.3
after China (811.3 thousand tonnes).
India
952.8
China
811.3
Malaysia
673.5
Source: FAOSTAT

25
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
9.3 Oil palm fruit
Malaysia is among the world’s leading oil palm fruit producer. In 2016, Malaysia’s oil palm
fruit production amounted to 86,325.3 thousand tonnes and ranked second after Indonesia
(160,135.8 thousand tonnes).
Exhibit 14: Five countries of oil palm fruits producer, World, 2016
(‘000 tonnes)
Indonesia Malaysia Thailand Nigeria Colombia
Source: FAOSTAT

JADUAL
TABLE
Jadual 1: KDNK mengikut jenis aktiviti ekonomi, 2013-2017 (harga malar 2010)
Table 1: GDP by kind of economic activity, 2013-2017 (constant 2010 prices)
(RM Juta/Million)
Jenis aktiviti ekonomi
2013 2014 2015 2016 e 2017 p
Kind of economic activity
Pertanian
91,181 93,048 94,396 89,509 95,968
Agriculture
Getah
7,759 6,288 6,797 6,373 6,968
Rubber
Kelapa sawit
42,521 43,539 44,119 38,538 44,720
Oil palm
Ternakan
9,086 9,806 10,039 10,407 10,954
Livestock
Ternakan ayam dan itik
5,477 6,029 6,231 6,500 6,845
Poultry
Lembu/kerbau
975 996 912 899 936
Cattle
Ternakan lain
2,635 2,781 2,896 3,007 3,173
Other livestock
Pertanian lain
15,031 16,247 16,776 17,506 17,866
Other agriculture
Padi
2,073 2,158 2,136 2,176 2,077
Paddy
Sayur-sayuran
5,707 6,152 6,423 6,790 7,023
Vegetables
Buah-buahan
3,636 3,958 4,095 4,273 4,399
Fruits
Tanaman makanan
2,956 3,242 3,387 3,513 3,574
Food crops
Lain-lain
659 738 736 754 793
Others
Perhutanan dan pembalakan
7,015 7,199 6,629 6,433 5,421
Forestry and logging
Perikanan
9,770 9,969 10,036 10,253 10,040
Fishing
Perikanan laut
6,541 6,639 6,703 7,016 6,652
Marine fishing
Akuakultur
3,228 3,331 3,333 3,237 3,388
Aquaculture

29
Jadual 1: KDNK mengikut jenis aktiviti ekonomi, 2013-2017 (harga malar 2010) (samb.)
Table 1: GDP by kind of economic activity, 2013-2017 (constant 2010 prices) (cont’d)
(RM Juta/Million)
2013 2014 2015 2016 e 2017 p
Perlombongan dan pengkuarian 87,789 90,707 95,508 97,468 98,436

Mining and quarrying
Pembuatan
219,152 232,527 243,703 254,472 269,804
Manufacturing
Pembinaan
38,590 43,115 46,719 50,197 53,574
Construction
Perkhidmatan
507,791 541,412 569,865 602,261 639,568
Services
tambah Duti import
10,577 11,639 13,808 15,030 16,980
plus Import duties
KDNK pada harga pembeli

955,080 1,012,449 1,063,998 1,108,935 1,174,329
GDP at purchasers’ prices

- Sumbangan peratusan kepada KDNK
- Percentage share to GDP
Peratus/Per cent
2013 2014 2015 2016e 2017p
Pertanian
9.5 9.2 8.9 8.1 8.2
Agriculture
Getah
0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
Rubber
Kelapa sawit
4.5 4.3 4.1 3.5 3.8
Oil palm
Ternakan
1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9
Livestock
0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
Poultry
Lembu/kerbau
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cattle
Ternakan lain
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
Other livestock
Pertanian lain
1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5
Other agriculture
Padi
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Paddy
Sayur-sayuran
0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
Vegetables
Buah-buahan
0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
Fruits
Tanaman makanan
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
Food crops
Lain-lain
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Others
0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5
Perikanan
1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9
Fishing
Perikanan laut
0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6
Marine fishing
Akuakultur
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
Aquaculture

31
- Sumbangan peratusan kepada KDNK (samb.)
- Percentage share to GDP (cont’d)
Peratus/Per cent
2013 2014 2015 2016e 2017p
Perlombongan dan pengkuarian 9.2 9.0 9.0 8.8 8.4

Mining and quarrying
Pembuatan
22.9 23.0 22.9 22.9 23.0
Manufacturing
Pembinaan
4.0 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6
Construction
Perkhidmatan
53.2 53.5 53.6 54.3 54.5
Services
tambah Duti import
1.1 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.4
plus Import duties
KDNK pada harga pembeli

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
GDP at purchasers’ prices

Jadual 3: KDNK mengikut jenis aktiviti pertanian, 2013-2017 (harga malar 2010)
- Sumbangan peratusan kepada sektor pertanian
Table 3: GDP by kind of agriculture activity, 2013-2017 (constant 2010 prices)
- Percentage share to agriculture sector
Peratus/Per cent

2013 2014 2015 2016e 2017p
Pertanian
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Agriculture
Getah
8.5 6.8 7.2 7.1 7.3
Rubber
Kelapa sawit
46.6 46.8 46.7 43.1 46.6
Oil palm
Ternakan
10.0 10.5 10.6 11.6 11.4
Livestock

6.0 6.5 6.6 7.3 7.1
Poultry
Lembu/kerbau
1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0
Cattle
Ternakan lain
2.9 3.0 3.1 3.4 3.3
Other livestock
Pertanian lain
16.5 17.5 17.8 19.6 18.6
Other agriculture
Padi
2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.2
Paddy
Sayur-sayuran
6.3 6.6 6.8 7.6 7.3
Vegetables
Buah-buahan
4.0 4.3 4.3 4.8 4.6
Fruits
Tanaman makanan
3.2 3.5 3.6 3.9 3.7
Food crops
Lain-lain
0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8
Others

7.7 7.7 7.0 7.2 5.6
Perikanan
10.7 10.7 10.6 11.5 10.5
Fishing
Perikanan laut
7.2 7.1 7.1 7.8 6.9
Marine fishing
Akuakultur
3.5 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.5
Aquaculture

33
Jadual 4: KDNK mengikut negeri, 2013‐2017 (harga malar 2010)
Table 4: GDP by state, 2013‐2017 (constant 2010 prices)
(RM Juta/Million)
Negeri 2013 2014 2015 2016e 2017p
State
Johor 87,974 93,654 98,959 104,622 111,084
Kedah 32,740 34,098 36,014 37,184 39,032
Kelantan 18,136 19,053 19,717 20,656 21,684
Melaka 27,933 30,073 31,727 33,163 35,865
Negeri Sembilan 34,892 35,951 37,506 38,821 40,717
Pahang 42,201 43,944 45,910 46,805 50,448
Pulau Pinang 61,324 66,203 69,835 73,739 77,641
Perak 52,368 54,781 58,097 60,468 63,814
Perlis 4,574 4,807 4,920 5,112 5,230
Selangor 212,645 227,000 240,182 251,812 269,684
Terengganu 25,326 26,855 27,729 28,579 30,261
Sabah 63,226 66,361 70,536 73,825 79,864
Sarawak 98,089 102,359 106,415 108,905 113,982
W.P. Kuala Lumpur1 140,534 152,477 160,695 170,213 182,815
W.P. Labuan 4,549 4,789 5,119 5,487 5,820
Supra 2 48,570 50,043 50,639 49,543 46,386
Jumlah KDNK pada

Harga Pembeli
955,080 1,012,449 1,063,998 1,108,935 1,174,329
Total GDP at Purchasers'
Prices
1
Termasuk W.P. Putrajaya
Includes W.P. Putrajaya
2
Supra state merangkumi aktiviti pengeluaran yang melangkaui pusat kepentingan ekonomi utama bagi mana-mana negeri
Supra state covers production activities that beyond the centre of predominant economic interest for any state

Jadual 5: KDNK mengikut negeri bagi sektor pertanian, 2013-2017 (harga malar 2010)
- Sumbangan peratusan kepada KDNK negeri
Table 5: GDP by state for agriculture sector, 2013-2017 (constant 2010 prices)
- Percentage share to state GDP
Peratus/Per cent
Negeri 2013 2014 2015 2016 e 2017 p

State
Johor 16.1 15.6 14.9 13.5 13.7
Kedah 15.3 14.4 15.1 13.4 13.7
Kelantan 26.9 26.1 25.1 24.6 24.5
Melaka 11.0 10.7 10.7 10.6 10.5
Negeri Sembilan 10.5 9.7 10.6 9.6 9.8
Pahang 27.4 26.2 25.4 23.4 24.4
Pulau Pinang 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.0
Perak 17.7 17.3 17.4 16.1 16.7
Perlis 22.9 22.7 21.8 21.6 21.8
Selangor 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.5
Terengganu 10.5 9.5 9.2 8.3 8.7
Sabah 26.0 25.4 22.5 19.1 18.7
Sarawak 14.0 14.5 14.2 13.5 13.2
W.P. Kuala Lumpur1 - - - - -
W.P. Labuan 3.8 2.0 1.6 1.4 1.4
1
Termasuk W.P. Putrajaya
Includes W.P. Putrajaya

35
Jadual 6: Pengeluaran tanaman terpilih, Malaysia, 2013‐2017
Table 6: Production of selected crops, Malaysia, 2013‐2017
Tanaman
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Crops
(‘000 tan metrik/tonnes)
Getah asli
826.4 668.6 722.1 673.5 740.1
Natural rubber
Buah tandan segar

95,728.6 96,066.8 98,344.1 86,325.3 101,741.0
Fresh fruit bunches
Biji koko
2. 8 2.7 1.7 1.8 1.0
Cocoa beans

7. 2 7.6 11.6 10.3 3.3
Kenaf (dried stem)
Padi r r p
2,603.7 2,845.0 2,741.4 2,739.6 2,568.1
Paddy
Lada e
26.5 27.5 28.3 29.2 30.4
Pepper
(Tan metrik/Tonnes)
Kelapa
624,727 595,097 505,614 504,773 517,589
Coconut
Nanas r
244,353 335,725 452,021 391,714 340,722
Pineapple
Tembikai r
209,599 176,379 178,929 192,910 172,275
Watermelon
Rambutan r
69,256 63,919 65,649 63,700 37,215
Rambutan
Pisang r
288,677 303,107 315,500 309,508 350,493
Banana
Nangka r
32,907 25,003 29,578 28,767 28,042
Jackfruit
Cempedak
34,741 31,697 31,871 28,929 26,935
Cempedak
Manggis r
25,355 24,555 22,784 21,588 12,623
Mangosteen
Mangga r
16,625 17,666 22,672 17,430 16,913
Mango
Durian
373,083 351,518 368,271 302,646 210,874
Durian
Belimbing
11,783 10,072 7,486 8,474 8,748
Starfruit
Betik
31,748 55,358 60,625 65,967 83,797
Papaya

Jadual 6: Pengeluaran tanaman terpilih, Malaysia, 2013-2017 (samb.)
Table 6: Production of selected crops, Malaysia, 2013-2017 (cont'd)
Tanaman
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Crops
(Tan metrik/Tonnes)
Jambu batu
27,286 34,977 52,859 63,029 84,288
Guava
Jagung manis
86,499 59,188 62,460 64,867 72,561
Sweet corn
Bendi
34,370 45,130 50,778 49,057 53,937
Lady's Finger
Kacang panjang
53,265 53,549 69,295 63,473 58,808
Long bean
Bayam
56,649 51,286 48,357 54,823 71,180
Spinach
Kobis bulat
129,148 301,518 277,202 101,258 77,342
Cabbage
Sawi
250,060 275,732 216,353 224,126 142,764
Mustard
Terung
54,234 48,702 50,224 46,557 40,418
Brinjal
Timun
119,857 97,331 100,817 97,621 88,492
Cucumber
Tomato
190,977 162,384 165,177 242,946 188,185
Tomato
Cili
59,775 40,521 47,015 43,738 27,358
Chilli
Herba
8,425 13,468 13,174 11,649 11,742
Herbs
Rempah-ratus
52,256 56,105 56,998 53,212 60,458
Spices
Bunga-bungaan
('000 keratan) 484,434 498,967 510,290 500,084 509,086
Flowers (‘000 cuts)
Sumber: Booklet Statistik Tanaman 2018 (Subsektor Tanaman Makanan) - Jabatan Pertanian Malaysia, Lembaga Minyak Sawit
Malaysia, Lembaga Koko Malaysia, Lembaga Lada Malaysia dan Lembaga Kenaf dan Tembakau Negara

37
Jadual 7: Bilangan ternakan mengikut jenis, Malaysia, 2013‐2017
Table 7: Number of livestock by type, Malaysia, 2013‐2017
(Bilangan/Number)
Jenis
ternakan Kerbau Lembu Kambing Bebiri Babi Ayam Itik
Type of Buffalo Cattle Goat Sheep Swine Chicken Duck
livestock
2013 123,646 751,497 434,202 141,918 1,842,953 272,451,321 9,691,491
2014 121,259 746,783 429,398 142,435 1,844,103 288,304,256 9,501,672
2015 118,569 742,338 431,651 147,033 1,886,823 286,620,834 9,897,115
2016 119,133 737,827 416,529 138,479 1,654,381 289,666,002 9,633,185
2017e 119,264 744,174 431,258 137,872 1,647,594 308,255,475 10,354,254

Jadual 8: Bilangan ternakan mengikut jenis dan negeri, Malaysia, 2017

Table 8: Number of livestock by type and state, Malaysia, 2017
(Bilangan/Number)
Jenis ternakan Kerbau Lembu Kambing Bebiri Babi Ayam Itik

Type of livestock Buffalo Cattle Goat Sheep Swine Chicken Duck
Jumlah
119,264 744,174 431,258 137,872 1,647,594 308,255,475 10,354,254
Total
Johor 3,344 104,500 45,263 24,529 225,371 66,639,071 1,143,657
Kedah 7,107 69,512 54,768 10,742 1,739 58,759,333 643,971
Kelantan 6,370 94,362 42,037 33,532 423 1,881,416 53,195
Melaka 4,404 28,721 35,804 6,905 43,974 25,000,446 79,091
Negeri Sembilan 2,883 46,020 41,899 21,774 237 20,339,849 31,926
Pahang 11,866 124,914 38,443 18,899 3,965 13,562,329 18,186
Pulau Pinang 728 15,568 10,336 2,005 298,947 13,616,428 509,806
Perak 10,302 48,757 31,569 3,981 538,094 38,805,085 7,303,720
Perlis 431 8,809 6,964 1,521 44 1,658,217 12,759
Selangor 1,993 25,205 25,069 3,084 251,789 22,271,160 198,529
Terengganu 9,706 91,083 30,495 6,506 - 6,128,791 20,971
Sabah 54,703 75,782 56,363 2,678 77,037 5,964,109 53,339
Sarawak 5,427 10,348 11,815 1,716 205,974 33,629,241 285,104

W.P. Kuala
- 593 433 - - - -
Lumpur

Jadual 9: Bilangan sembelihan ternakan yang direkod mengikut jenis dan negeri, Malaysia,
2017
Table 9: Number of recorded slaughter of livestock by type and state, Malaysia, 2017
(Bilangan/Number)
Jenis ternakan Kerbau Lembu Kambing Bebiri Babi

Type of livestock Buffalo Cattle Goat Sheep Swine
Jumlah
8,106 131,467 65,705 20,094 1,471,307
Total
Johor 347 8,354 7,495 4,305 259,468
Kedah 1,726 7,541 11,565 2,456 1,711
Kelantan 640 25,719 562 357 -
Melaka 47 2,143 1,619 168 75,720
Negeri Sembilan 187 3,470 4,495 1,066 -
Pahang 575 4,760 6,325 261 44,887
Pulau Pinang 900 18,348 7,720 1,104 159,523
Perak 800 16,588 1,489 6,154 154,895
Perlis 420 9,917 2,831 9 3,780
Selangor 297 23,079 17,916 4,126 414,080
Terengganu 1,070 8,329 2,595 52 -
Sabah - 1,020 - - 115,957
Sarawak 358 923 539 36 241,286
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 739 1,276 554 - -

Jadual 10: Pengeluaran hasilan ternakan, Malaysia, 2013‐2017

Table 10: Production of livestock products, Malaysia, 2013‐2017
Komoditi Daging Daging Daging Daging Telur ayam/ Susu

*
Commodity lembu/kerbau kambing/bebiri babi ayam/itik itik (Segar)
Beef Mutton Pork Poultry meat Chicken/ Milk
duck egg (Fresh)
Tahun Juta liter
Year Million litres
2013 51.7 4.7 217.4 1,458.1 684.0 28.8
2014 52.9 4.5 217.6 1,584.1 727.6 34.1

2015 50.5 4.4 222.6 1,633.4 795.9 36.5
2016 48.0 5.0 195.2 1,755.2 842.5 36.7
2017e 49.6 4.6 194.4 1,724.4 874.0 37.9
* Justifikasi dan semakan semula data pengeluaran susu segar tempatan Sumber: Jabatan Perkhidmatan Veterinar
Justification and review of local fresh milk production data Source: Department of Veterinary Services

39
Jadual 11: Pendaratan ikan laut mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2013-2017
Table 11: Landings of marine fish by state, Malaysia, 2013-2017
40
('000 tan metrik/tonnes)
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Negeri
State Kuantiti Kuantiti Kuantiti Kuantiti Kuantiti
% % % % %
Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity
Jumlah
1,482.9 100.0 1,458.1 100.0 1,486.1 100.0 1,583.8 100.0 1,465.1 100.0
Total
Johor 130.9 8.8 125.3 8.6 103.4 7.0 80.8 5.1 69.9 4.8
Kedah 112.9 7.6 156.1 10.7 157.1 10.6 168.6 10.6 142.5 9.7
Kelantan 57.1 3.9 62.2 4.3 146.4 9.9 218.8 13.8 196.1 13.4
Melaka 1.8 0.1 1.9 0.1 2.0 0.1 1.8 0.1 1.8 0.1
Negeri Sembilan 0.6 0.04 0.8 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.7 0.05 0.7 0.04
Pahang 107.3 7.2 91.1 6.3 111.5 7.5 119.7 7.6 118.1 8.1
Pulau Pinang 58.2 3.9 45.9 3.2 49.8 3.4 56.9 3.6 51.2 3.5
Perak 307.2 20.7 329.3 22.6 346.9 23.3 367.3 23.2 266.6 18.2
Perlis 99.6 6.7 96.5 6.6 85.5 5.8 99.9 6.3 105.9 7.2
Selangor 105.6 7.1 92.4 6.3 90.0 6.1 93.5 5.9 125.5 8.6
Terengganu 72.2 4.9 58.8 4.0 51.2 3.4 44.7 2.8 47.3 3.2
Sabah 196.5 13.3 214.7 14.7 175.4 11.8 165.6 10.5 162.3 11.1
Sarawak 159.8 10.8 157.2 10.8 147.6 9.9 148.0 9.3 158.9 10.8
W.P. Labuan 73.2 4.9 25.7 1.8 18.5 1.3 17.5 1.1 18.4 1.3

Source : Department of Fisheries, Malaysia
Jadual 12: Pengeluaran akuakultur air tawar dan air payau/masin mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2013-2017
Table 12: Aquaculture production of freshwater and brackishwater by state, Malaysia, 2013-2017
Air tawar Air payau/masin

Negeri Freshwater Brackishwater
State
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Jumlah
112.8 106.7 112.1 103.3 102.5 466.3 413.8 394.3 304.0 324.3
Total
Johor 11.9 9.2 10.7 9.6 5.3 12.0 13.4 14.7 16.8 18.7
Kedah 5.0 4.4 4.2 3.3 3.4 4.9 4.2 2.5 3.1 4.0
Kelantan 2.5 3.0 2.9 3.0 4.3 0.9 1.3 1.7 0.9 1.8
Melaka 8.9 7.8 8.6 4.3 7.7 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3
Negeri Sembilan 7.8 6.7 6.8 4.7 4.6 1.0 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.2
Pahang 11.2 11.4 10.6 10.6 8.0 3.9 4.2 3.0 3.4 4.6
Pulau Pinang 2.8 4.8 4.8 1.9 2.5 38.2 63.2 53.9 28.3 43.2
Perak 36.6 24.6 33.1 38.9 40.4 32.9 32.2 22.3 16.7 21.0
Perlis 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.5
Selangor 16.1 15.9 16.4 16.0 12.7 13.5 18.4 9.8 7.0 7.6
Terengganu 2.8 4.4 3.4 4.1 6.2 3.3 3.7 3.7 4.5 2.6
Sabah1 4.0 4.0 4.1 2.8 3.1 346.0 266.8 277.7 218.8 216.7
Sarawak 3.0 10.3 6.3 3.9 4.1 9.4 5.0 4.1 3.5 3.2
1
Termasuk W.P. Labuan Sumber: Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia
Includes W.P. Labuan
41
Jadual 13: Pengeluaran dan nilai ikan hiasan mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2013-2017
Table 13: Production and value of ornamental fish by state, Malaysia, 2013-2017
42
r
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Negeri Bilangan Nilai Bilangan Nilai Bilangan Nilai Bilangan Nilai Bilangan Nilai
State Number Value Number Value Number Value Number Value Number Value
(ekor/pieces) (RM '000) (ekor/pieces) (RM '000) (ekor/pieces) (RM '000) (ekor/pieces) (RM '000) (ekor/pieces) (RM '000)
Jumlah 345,633,501 353,049.4 393,050,770 352,663.6 383,689,326 341,138.4 402,301,230 456,409.5 324,813,016 326,953.3
Total
Johor 288,519,489 252,961.1 310,787,726 256,291.5 315,421,165 254,073.5 341,700,648 375,144.9 259,928,898 208,844.2
Kedah 44,911 1,197.8 62,511 773.5 42,184 353.7 23,176 98.9 9,544 76.6
Kelantan 245,730 588.4 255,412 514.6 385,439 732.6 338,325 722.4 346,695 604.1
Melaka 1,114,266 1,357.7 540,997 804.2 185,724 978.6 247,082 1,090.0 704,232 1,556.9
Pahang 84,622 628.1 89,845 680.5 75,283 643.6 56,931 472.3 6,813 25.3
Pulau Pinang 2,852,050 24,836.0 2,898,360 26,432.5 2,803,732 25,928.8 2,463,425 23,771.6 836,223 4,442.0
Perak 52,262,346 70,179.1 77,689,292 66,076.2 63,485,429 56,875.1 56,276,102 52,609.1 61,847,891 107,630.0
Perlis - - - - - - 1,200 6.0 930 5.5
Selangor 115,520 477.8 363,422 238.9 602,991 823.3 1,050,560 2,013.8 193,165 397.2
Terengganu 37,252 536.5 73,288 312.6 71,598 295.6 69,660 398.0 175,125 905.3
Sabah 93,909 92.2 54,955 35.7 125,349 102.6 67,976 67.5 22,168 22.8
Sarawak 262,866 189.3 234,962 503.5 490,432 331 6,145 14.8 738,806 2,429.2
W.P. Labuan 540 5.4 - - - - - - 2,526 14.2

Jadual 14: Keluasan bertanam bagi tanaman terpilih, Malaysia, 2013‐2017
Table 14: Planted areas for selected crops, Malaysia, 2013‐2017
('000 hektar/hectares)
Tanaman
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Crops
Getah
990.7 996.6 995.7 997.1 1,007.2
Rubber
Estet
77.4 80.1 75.8 77.4 75.1
Estates
Kebun kecil *
913.3 916.5 919.9 919.7 932.1
Smallholdings
Kelapa sawit
5,229.7 5,392.2 5,642.9 5,738.0 5,811.1
Oil palm
Estet
4,481.4 4,585.2 4,759.9 4,804.0 4,831.4
Estates
Kebun kecil
748.3 807.0 883.0 933.9 979.8
Smallholdings
Koko
13.8 16.1 18.1 17.4 17.5 e
Cocoa
Estet
0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Estates
Kebun kecil
13.0 15.2 17.2 16.5 16.6 e
Smallholdings
1.8 2.0 2.3 2.5 1.4
Kenaf (dried stem)
Padi
671.7 679.2 681.6 r 688.8 689.0p
Paddy
Lada
15.1 16.0 16.3 16.8 17.1e
Pepper
Kelapa
88.0 88.1 82.0 84.6 83.3
Coconut
Nanas
10.6 9.5 14.7 r 13.1 12.9
Pineapple
Tembikai
11.0 10.8 10.8 r 12.0 10.4
Watermelon
Rambutan
17.8 17.2 16.8 r 15.4 16.0
Rambutan
Pisang
27.1 28.9 30.7 r 28.0 34.9
Banana
Nangka
4.9 3.5 6.2 r 5.4 5.1
Jackfruit
Cempedak
7.7 7.2 7.2 7.6 7.3
Cempedak
Manggis
4.1 3.8 3.9 r 3.8 3.7
Mangosteen
Mangga
5.3 5.0 5.8 r 5.8 6.0
Mango
Durian
75.7 73.7 70.6 66.0 72.4
Durian

43
Jadual 14: Keluasan bertanam bagi tanaman terpilih, Malaysia, 2013‐2017 (samb.)
Table 14: Planted areas for selected crops, Malaysia, 2013‐2017 (cont'd)
('000 hektar/hectares)
Tanaman
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Crops
Belimbing
0.8 1.1 0.7 0.9 0.8
Starfruit
Betik
1.9 2.8 2.8 4.3 3.2
Papaya
Jambu batu
1.7 3.2 2.9 3.1 4.2
Guava
Jagung manis
9.7 9.7 10.0 10.7 11.2
Sweet corn
Bayam
4.3 4.4 3.9 4.4 5.7
Spinach
Kobis bulat
4.8 7.9 8.7 4.0 3.4
Cabbage
Sawi
14.6 16.0 13.5 14.4 12.1
Mustard
Bendi
2.7 3.1 3.6 3.4 3.7
Lady's finger
Kacang panjang
3.6 3.9 4.8 4.5 5.0
Long bean
Terung
2.2 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.6
Brinjal
Timun
5.2 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.8
Cucumber
Tomato
2.8 1.9 2.0 2.8 2.0
Tomato
Cili
4.1 3.6 3.1 3.4 3.1
Chilli
Herba
1.3 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.4
Herbs
Rempah-ratus
5.9 6.2 6.3 6.7 7.5
Spices
Bunga-bungaan
2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6
Flowers
Sumber: Booklet Statistik Tanaman 2018 (Sub-sektor Tanaman Makanan) - Jabatan Pertanian Malaysia, Lembaga Minyak
Sawit Malaysia, Lembaga Koko Malaysia, Lembaga Lada Malaysia dan Lembaga Kenaf dan Tembakau Negara
Nota/Note:
* Mulai 2013, keluasan bertanam getah bagi kebun kecil adalah merujuk Banci Pekebun Kecil RISDA 2013 meliputi kawasan di
bawah RISDA, FELDA, FELCRA, KESEDAR, Lembaga Industri Getah Sabah (LIGS) dan Jabatan Pertanian Sarawak (JPS).
Starting from 2013, the rubber planted area for other smallholding refer to the 2013 RISDA Smallholders Census which covers area
under RISDA, FELDA, FELCRA, KESEDAR, LIGS and JPS.

44 Selected Agricultural Indicators I 2018
Jadual 15: Penduduk bekerja di sektor pertanian, Malaysia, 2013‐2017
Table 15: Employed persons in the agriculture sector, Malaysia, 2013 ‐2017
Jumlah penduduk Penduduk bekerja di sektor pertanian

Tahun Penduduk bekerja Employed persons in the agriculture sector
Year Population Employed persons Bilangan Lelaki Perempuan
Numbers Male Female
(‘000) (‘000) (‘000) (%) (‘000) (%) (‘000) (%)
2013 30,213.7 13,545.4 1,758.9 13.0 1,334.4 75.9 424.5 24.1

2014 30,708.5 13,852.6 1,694.2 12.2 1,252.5 73.9 441.7 26.1
2015 31,186.1 14,067.7 1,753.9 12.5 1,328.2 75.7 425.7 24.3
2016 31,633.5 14,163.7 1,609.9 11.4 1,238.0 76.9 371.9 23.1
2017 32,022.6 14,450.0 1,631.6 11.3 1,259.7 77.2 371.9 22.8
Jadual 16: Penduduk bekerja mengikut industri dan kewarganegaraan, Malaysia, 2013‐2017
Table 16: Employed persons by industry and citizenship, Malaysia, 2013‐2017
Warganegara Malaysia Bukan warganegara Malaysia

Industri Malaysian citizens Non-Malaysian citizens
Industry
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Pertanian, perhutanan dan perikanan 1,311.5 1,137.7 1,107.4 1,009.4 1,020.6 447.4 556.5 646.4 600.4 611.0
Agriculture, forestry and fishing
Perlombongan & pengkuarian 78.7 79.5 98.0 91.6 85.0 9.1 5.2 6.4 4.7 12.1
Mining & quarrying
Pembuatan 1,805.2 1,912.4 1,887.2 1,884.5 1,994.3 510.5 460.1 435.4 506.2 514.8
Manufacturing
Bekalan elektrik, gas, wap dan pendingin udara 58.7 64.3 60.7 76.1 60.9 2.8 1.3 1.1 1.8 1.2
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply
45
Jadual 16: Penduduk bekerja mengikut industri dan kewarganegaraan, Malaysia, 2013‐2017 (samb.)
46
Table 16: Employed persons by industry and citizenship, Malaysia, 2013 ‐2017 (cont’d)

Industry
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Bekalan air; pembentungan, pengurusan sisa dan aktiviti 78.2 73.4 63.7 69.2 70.5 5.5 7.8 8.3 7.2 10.4
pemulihan
Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities
Pembinaan 936.2 978.0 996.3 971.5 960.0 355.8 299.7 313.6 280.2 296.0
Construction
Perdagangan borong dan runcit; pembaikan kenderaan bermotor 2,024.8 2,097.7 2,163.7 2,187.5 2,238.4 236.6 226.6 197.7 240.9 242.7
dan motosikal
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles
Pengangkutan dan penyimpanan 590.5 575.5 586.5 596.9 629.5 35.9 22.8 28.5 33.5 27.9
Transportation and storage
Penginapan dan aktiviti perkhidmatan makanan dan minuman 869.1 958.4 980.1 1,059.1 1,090.3 172.4 190.9 170.7 201.6 229.9
Accommodation and food and beverage service activities
Maklumat dan komunikasi 183.8 197.9 201.8 192.1 208.3 10.3 15.2 12.4 16.6 11.8
Information and communication
Aktiviti kewangan dan insurans/takaful 317.0 324.2 348.2 343.4 361.3 2.0 4.9 6.2 3.5 7.3
Financial and insurance/takaful activities
Aktiviti hartanah 70.0 76.2 70.2 81.3 82.4 2.7 3.5 1.1 1.1 2.0
Real estate activities
Aktiviti profesional, saintifik dan teknikal 299.4 321.9 348.9 347.9 334.5 7.4 6.6 10.5 13.9 13.1
Professional, scientific and technical activities
Jadual 16: Penduduk bekerja mengikut industri dan kewarganegaraan, Malaysia, 2013‐2017 (samb.)
Table 16: Employed persons by industry and citizenship, Malaysia, 2013 ‐2017 (cont’d)

Industry
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Aktiviti pentadbiran dan khidmat sokongan 479.0 530.1 536.4 537.2 574.4 87.7 124.2 98.4 119.8 101.5
Administrative and support service activities
Pentadbiran awam dan pertahanan; aktiviti keselamatan sosial 759.3 739.3 750.1 478.2 740.7 2.1 2.4 0.9 - -
wajib
Public administration and defence; compulsory social security
Pendidikan 807.2 861.9 887.7 915.3 867.5 9.4 9.4 11.3 13.4 11.3
Education
Aktiviti kesihatan kemanusiaan dan kerja sosial 478.3 520.7 557.2 556.6 569.7 11.7 12.1 15.9 13.7 17.3
Human health and social work activities
Kesenian, hiburan dan rekreasi 75.2 86.0 78.3 72.7 75.3 4.1 8.0 3.5 8.1 8.9
Arts, entertainment and recreation

Aktiviti perkhidmatan lain 178.5 184.7 192.4 202.5 237.4 14.0 14.4 40.7 28.3 22.4
Arts, entertainment and recreation
Aktiviti isi rumah sebagai majikan 24.1 20.3 25.0 15.2 13.2 190.7 138.7 117.4 109.6 93.1
Activities of households as employers
47
Jadual 17: Taburan peratus penduduk bekerja dalam sektor pertanian mengikut negeri,
Malaysia, 2013‐2017
Table 17: Percentage distribution of employed persons in the agriculture sector by state, Malaysia,
2013‐2017
Negeri
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
State
Malaysia (‘000) 1,758.9 1,694.2 1,753.9 1,609.9 1,631.6

(%) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Johor 7.6 8.4 8.1 6.3 7.4
Kedah 9.8 7.0 6.8 7.1 7.4
Kelantan 6.6 6.5 5.5 4.9 6.1
Melaka 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.9
Negeri Sembilan 2.5 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.3
Pahang 9.0 9.1 9.3 9.4 9.0
Pulau Pinang 1.3 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.6
Perak 8.9 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.5
Perlis 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.6
Selangor 3.2 2.5 2.8 2.6 3.4
Terengganu 3.3 2.4 2.4 2.6 2.5
Sabah 26.0 32.0 35.7 36.1 35.0
Sarawak 19.7 19.6 17.4 18.7 18.3
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
W.P. Labuan 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0
W.P. Putrajaya - - 0.0 - 0.0
Nota/Note:
Statistik ini dijana berdasarkan Survei Tenaga Buruh (STB) yang dilaksanakan oleh Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia melalui
pendekatan isi rumah. Statistik ini merujuk kepada penduduk yang bekerja dalam kumpulan umur 15-64 tahun.
This statistics based on the Labour Force Survey (LFS) conducted by the Department of Statistics Malaysia through household
approached. This statistics refer to the population who are worked in the group age of 15-64 years.

Jadual 18: Indeks Pengeluaran Perindustrian (IPP) ‐ Pembuatan (item terpilih), Malaysia, 2013‐2017
Table 18: Industrial Production Index (IPI) ‐ Manufacturing (selected items), Malaysia, 2013‐2017
(2010=100)1
Keterangan Wajaran
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Description Weights
Peratus perubahan tahunan
Jumlah/Total 100.00 110.3 116.1 121.5 126.2 131.9 Annual percentage change
Pembuatan/Manufacturing 65.89 116.0 123.0 128.9 134.4 142.6
2
Kod MSIC Keterangan Wajaran
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
MSIC code Description Weights
10401 Pembuatan minyak sawit
mentah
2.07 113.1 115.7 117.5 101.9 117.2 2.3 2.3 1.5 -13.2 15.0
Manufacture of crude palm oil
10402 Pembuatan minyak sawit

bertapis
1.28 117.2 132.4 116.2 128.2 157.8 19.0 13.0 -12.2 10.3 23.1
Manufacture of refined palm oil
10403 Pembuatan minyak isirong

Manufacture of palm kernel oil 0.46 112.6 113.0 113.0 97.2 113.2 4.9 0.3 0.0 -13.9 16.4
10502 Pembuatan susu pekat,

tepung dan sejat
Manufacture of condensed, 0.37 148.4 159.7 185.8 200.9 198.6 8.5 7.6 16.4 8.1 -1.1
powdered and evaporated milk
10611 Pengilangan beras

Rice milling 0.10 114.5 126.7 117.6 134.2 138.5 7.6 10.6 -7.2 14.1 3.2
10613 Pengilangan tepung

Flour milling 0.12 108.8 106.3 97.4 98.0 102.8 1.5 -2.3 -8.4 0.6 4.9
10711 Pembuatan biskut dan

cookies
Manufacture of biscuits and 0.15 103.6 132.5 162.8 193.3 206.8 1.3 27.8 22.9 18.7 7.0
cookies
10712 Pembuatan roti, kek dan

produk bakeri lain
Manufacture of bread, cakes 0.32 132.7 136.4 121.2 136.5 151.3 -1.9 2.8 -11.1 12.6 10.8
and other bakery products
10713 Pembuatan produk snek

Manufacture of snack products 0.11 132.5 117.7 119.5 119.1 123.7 8.6 -11.2 1.5 -0.4 3.9
10721 Pembuatan gula

Manufacture of sugar 0.22 102.7 95.7 97.8 107.3 102.6 7.2 -6.9 2.2 9.7 -4.3
10731 Pembuatan produk koko

Manufacture of cocoa products 0.17 105.5 95.2 96.8 98.1 101.2 3.8 -9.7 1.6 1.4 3.2
10732 Pembuatan coklat dan produk

coklat
Manufacture of chocolate and 0.10 143.5 137.0 151.3 151.3 160.1 26.9 -4.5 10.4 0.0 5.8
chocolate products
10733 Pembuatan konfeksi gula

Manufacture of sugar
0.02 116.5 116.6 94.2 107.9 112.1 -1.0 0.1 -19.2 14.5 3.9
confectionery

49
Jadual 18: Indeks Pengeluaran Perindustrian (IPP) ‐ Pembuatan (item terpilih), Malaysia, 2013‐2017
(samb.)
Table 18: Industrial Production Index (IPI) ‐ Manufacturing (selected items), Malaysia, 2013‐2017 (cont’d)
(2010=100)1
Keterangan Wajaran
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Description Weights
Peratus perubahan tahunan
Jumlah/Total 100.00 110.3 116.1 121.5 126.2 131.9 Annual percentage change
Pembuatan/Manufacturing 65.89 116.0 123.0 128.9 134.4 142.6
2
Kod MSIC Keterangan Wajaran
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
MSIC code Description Weights
10750 Pembuatan makanan dan
hidangan tersedia
Manufacture of prepared 0.11 115.7 129.1 125.7 145.1 125.6 -2.9 11.6 -2.7 15.4 -13.4
meals and dishes
10793 Pembuatan sos dan bahan

perasa
Manufacture of sauces and 0.13 103.2 101.3 104.9 112.8 119.9 6.9 -1.8 3.5 7.5 6.3
condiments
10799 Pembuatan produk makanan

lain t.t.t.l.
Manufacture of other food 0.25 72.1 102.9 94.4 95.7 109.6 -6.0 42.6 -8.3 1.4 14.5
products n.e.c
12000 Pembuatan produk tembakau

Manufacture of tobacco
0.35 101.3 106.2 115.9 119.4 121.7 -18.0 4.8 9.1 3.0 2.0
products
Nota/Notes:
1
Pembentukan Indeks Pengeluaran Perindustrian (IPP), Malaysia telah menggunakan 2010 sebagai tahun asas. Tahun asas 2010
menggantikan tahun asas 2005 yang telah digunakan sebelum ini.
The compilation of Industrial Production Index (IPI), Malaysia using 2010 as the base year. The base year 2010 replaces the base year 2005 which
has been used before this.
2
Industri dikelaskan mengikut Piawaian Klasifikasi Industri Malaysia (MSIC) 2008, Ver. 1.0.
Industry is classified according to the Malaysia Standard Industrial Classification (MSIC) 2008, Ver. 1.0.

Jadual 19: Indeks Harga Pengguna (IHP) bagi subkumpulan makanan dan minuman bukan alkohol, Malaysia, 2013‐2017
Table 19: Consumer Price Index (CPI) for sub‐groups of food and non-alcoholic beverages, Malaysia, 2013‐2017
(2010=100)
Tempoh Makanan Makanan Makanan di rumah Makanan Kopi, teh,

Period dan Food Food at home di luar koko dan
minuman rumah minuman
bukan Food bukan
alkohol Jumlah Beras, Daging Ikan dan Susu Minyak Buah- Sayur- Gula, jem, Keluaran away alkohol
Food and kecil roti Meat makanan dan dan buahan sayuran madu, makanan from Coffee,
non- Sub- dan laut telur lemak Fruits Vegetables coklat dan t.t.t.l home tea, cocoa
alcoholic total bijirin Fish and Milk Oils manisan Food and non-
beverages lain seafood and and Sugar, jam, products alcoholic
Rice, eggs fats honey, n.e.c beverages
bread chocolate
and and
other confectionery
cereals
Wajaran
29.5 28.4 16.9 3.5 2.5 4.0 1.5 0.6 1.2 2.1 0.6 1.0 11.5 1.1
Weights
2013 111.5 111.7 111.6 104.4 112.2 118.8 113.2 101.0 112.3 109.0 121.1 111.2 111.8 106.8
2014 115.2 115.5 115.1 105.5 116.1 124.5 117.6 101.1 116.0 111.5 129.2 114.0 116.3 107.8
2015 119.4 119.8 119.2 107.2 118.2 129.8 123.0 101.7 120.7 119.6 131.4 119.2 120.9 110.5
2016 123.9 124.5 123.9 108.4 122.6 138.0 124.0 104.6 126.5 127.4 134.4 126.3 125.5 111.8
2017 128.8 129.6 128.5 109.8 126.4 147.3 124.0 118.5 130.8 132.5 136.4 130.9 131.5 111.5
Perubahan peratus
Percentage change
2013 3.6 3.7 4.0 1.9 5.6 5.4 3.9 -0.3 3.4 4.7 5.4 1.1 3.0 1.3
2014 3.3 3.4 3.1 1.1 3.5 4.8 3.9 0.1 3.3 2.3 6.7 2.5 4.0 0.9
2015 3.6 3.7 3.6 1.6 1.8 4.3 4.6 0.6 4.1 7.3 1.7 4.6 4.0 2.5
2016 3.9 4.0 4.0 1.1 3.7 6.3 0.8 6.5 4.8 6.5 2.3 6.0 3.8 1.2
2017 4.0 4.1 3.7 1.3 3.1 6.7 0.0 13.3 3.4 4.0 1.5 3.6 4.8 -0.3
51
Jadual 20: Perdagangan luar negeri sektor pertanian, Malaysia, 2013‐2017
Table 20: External trade for agriculture sector, Malaysia, 2013‐2017
(RM Juta/Million)
Perkara
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017P
Item
Jumlah eksport 719,992 765,417 777,355 786,964 935,393

Total exports
Jumlah import 648,695 682,937 685, 778 698,819 838,145

Total imports
Imbangan perdagangan 71,298 82,480 91,577 88,145 97,248

Balance of trade
Jumlah eksport sektor pertanian 106,145 109,174 109,960 115,693 126,587

Total exports of agriculture sector
Eksport sektor pertanian (%) 14.7 14.3 14.2 14.7 13.5

Exports of agriculture sector (%)
Jumlah import sektor pertanian 75,215 77,643 83,954 84,666 95,218

Total imports of agriculture sector
Import sektor pertanian (%) 11.6 11.4 12.2 12.1 11.4

Imports of agriculture sector (%)
Imbangan perdagangan sektor

30,930 31,530 26,006 31,027 31,369
pertanian
Balance of trade for agriculture sector
Source: Ministry of Agriculture and Agro‐Based Industry

Jadual 21: Pengeluaran komoditi tanaman terpilih, Dunia, 2016 - Buah tandan segar (Kelapa sawit)
Table 21: Production on selected crop commodities, World, 2016 - Oil palm fruit
(Tan metrik/Tonnes)
Kedudukan/Rank Negara/Country Pengeluaran/Production
1 Indonesia 160,135,795
2 Malaysia 86,325,309
3 Thailand 12,081,855
4 Nigeria 7,817,207
5 Colombia 6,762,416
6 Ecuador 3,124,069
7 Cameroon 2,701,709
8 Ghana 2,443,000
9 Papua New Guinea 2,379,738
10 Guatemala 2,103,356
11 Honduras 2,045,700
12 Côte d'Ivoire 1,696,078
13 Brazil 1,647,417
14 Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,186,911
15 Costa Rica 1,089,448
Sumber/Source : FAOSTAT
Jadual 22: Pengeluaran komoditi tanaman terpilih, Dunia, 2016 - Getah asli
Table 22: Production on selected crop commodities, World, 2016 - Natural rubber
(Tan metrik/Tonnes)
1 Thailand 4,476,636
2 Indonesia 3,157,780
3 Viet Nam 1,035,333
4 India 952,806
5 China 811,344
6 Malaysia 673,513
7 Philippines 362,626
8 Guatemala 332,755
9 Côte d'Ivoire 310,655
10 Myanmar 221,670
11 Brazil 189,377
12 Nigeria 156,341
13 Sri Lanka 130,940
14 Liberia 73,710
15 Mexico 62,351

53
Jadual 23: Pengeluaran komoditi tanaman terpilih, Dunia, 2016 - Biji koko
Table 23: Production on selected crop commodities, World, 2016 - Cocoa bean
(Tan metrik/Tonnes)
1 Côte d'Ivoire 1,472,313

2 Ghana 858,720
3 Indonesia 656,817
4 Cameroon 291,512
5 Nigeria 236,521
6 Brazil 213,843
7 Ecuador 177,551
8 Peru 107,922
9 Dominican Republic 81,246
10 Colombia 56,163
11 Togo 51,627
12 Papua New Guinea 44,943
13 Mexico 26,863
.. .. ..
32 Malaysia 1,757
Jadual 24: Pengeluaran komoditi tanaman terpilih, Dunia, 2016 - Lada

Table 24: Production on selected crop commodities, World, 2016 - Pepper
(Tan metrik/Tonnes)
1 Viet Nam 216,432

2 Indonesia 82,167
3 India 55,000
4 Brazil 54,425
5 China 34,360
6 Malaysia 29,245
7 Sri Lanka 28,901
8 Madagascar 6,981
9 Mexico 5,206
10 Ethiopia 4,511
11 Ghana 3,767
12 Costa Rica 2,576
13 Rwanda 2,535
14 Cambodia 2,526
15 Ecuador 2,282

Jadual 25: Pengeluaran komoditi tanaman terpilih, Dunia, 2016 - Kelapa
Table 25: Production on selected crop commodities, World, 2016 - Coconut
(Tan metrik/Tonnes)
2 Philippines 13,825,080
3 India 11,127,898
4 Brazil 2,649,246
5 Sri Lanka 2,520,095
6 Viet Nam 1,469,960
7 Papua New Guinea 1,191,438
8 Mexico 1,157,481
9 Thailand 815,406
10 United Republic of Tanzania 555,836
11 Myanmar 531,730
12 Malaysia 504,773
13 Ghana 380,380
14 Republic Dominican 374,474
15 Solomon Islands 341,876
Jadual 26: Pengeluaran komoditi tanaman terpilih, Dunia, 2016 - Nanas

Table 26: Production on selected crop commodities, World, 2016 - Pineapple
(Tan metrik/Tonnes)
1 Costa Rica 2,930,661

2 Brazil 2,694,555
4 India 1,964,000
5 Thailand 1,811,591
6 Nigeria 1,591,276
7 China 1,550,965
9 Mexico 875,839
10 Colombia 755,971
11 Ghana 661,500
12 Angola 644,373
13 Viet Nam 555,407
.. .. ..
19 Malaysia 391,714

55
Jadual 27: Pengeluaran komoditi ternakan terpilih, Dunia, 2016 - Daging itik
Table 27: Production on selected livestock commodities, World, 2016 - Duck meat
(Tan metrik/Tonnes)
1 China 2,965,312
2 France 238,900
3 Malaysia 150,426
4 Myanmar 133,514
5 Viet Nam 127,280
6 Republic of Korea 82,830
7 Hungary 78,769
8 Egypt 76,772
9 Taiwan 66,967
10 United States of America 61,307
11 Thailand 61,273
12 Bangladesh 52,116
13 Poland 48,348
14 Germany 45,800
15 Indonesia 36,346
Jadual 28: Pengeluaran komoditi ternakan terpilih, Dunia, 2016 - Daging ayam
Table 28: Production on selected livestock commodities, World, 2016 - Chicken meat
(Tan metrik/Tonnes)
1 United States of America 18,708,326

2 Brazil 13,894,450
3 China 12,721,408
4 Russian Federation 4,141,365
5 India 3,398,812
6 Mexico 3,077,874
7 Japan 2,345,193
8 Iran 2,126,286
10 Poland 1,994,697
11 Argentina 1,928,080
12 Turkey 1,884,407
13 South Africa 1,832,392
.. .. ..
16 Malaysia 1,520,976

Jadual 29: Pengeluaran komoditi ternakan terpilih, Dunia, 2016 - Daging babi
Table 29: Production on selected livestock commodities, World, 2016 - Pork
(Tan metrik/Tonnes)
1 China 54,129,762
3 Germany 5,589,639
4 Spain 3,947,015
5 Viet Nam 3,664,556
6 Brazil 3,514,098
8 France 2,185,430
9 Canada 2,047,946
10 Poland 2,008,800
12 Denmark 1,579,405
13 Italy 1,544,132
.. .. ..
43 Malaysia 218,303
Jadual 30: Pengeluaran komoditi ternakan terpilih, Dunia, 2016 - Daging kerbau
Table 30: Production on selected livestock commodities, World, 2016 - Buffalo meat
(Tan metrik/Tonnes)
1 India 1,613,274
2 Pakistan 893,274
3 Egypt 417,098
4 China 353,351
5 Nepal 175,005
7 Viet Nam 86,630
8 Myanmar 47,250
9 Indonesia 36,987
10 Thailand 25,448
Lao People's Democratic
11 20,619
Republic
12 Italy 18,372
13 Cambodia 8,068
.. .. ..
16 Malaysia 6,638

57
Jadual 31: Pengeluaran komoditi ternakan terpilih, Dunia, 2016 - Telur burung lain-lain
berkulit
Table 31: Production on selected livestock commodities, World, 2016 - Other birds’ eggs in shell
(Tan metrik/Tonnes)
1 China 5,500,000
2 Thailand 395,000
3 Indonesia 346,520
4 Brazil 163,980
6 Myanmar 56,260
9 Russian Federation 30,697
10 Ukraine 27,180
11 Taiwan 25,300
12 Malaysia 15,700
13 United Kingdom 14,000
14 Pakistan 12,000
15 Romania 6,021
Jadual 32: Pengeluaran komoditi ternakan terpilih, Dunia, 2016- Telur ayam
Table 32: Production on selected livestock commodities, World, 2016 - Hen eggs
(Tan metrik/Tonnes)
1 China 26,500,000
3 India 4,561,000
4 Mexico 2,720,194
5 Japan 2,562,243
7 Brazil 2,289,460
9 Iran 1,185,981
10 Turkey 1,122,050
11 France 1,080,388
12 Ukraine 854,600
13 Malaysia 830,531
14 Germany 812,000
15 Spain 775,034

Jadual 33: Pengeluaran komoditi ternakan terpilih, Dunia, 2016 - Susu kerbau
Table 33: Production on selected livestock commodities, World, 2016 - Buffalo milk
(Tan metrik/Tonnes)
1 India 78,000,000
2 Pakistan 25,646,575
3 China 3,131,500
4 Egypt 2,188,977
5 Nepal 1,210,441
6 Italy 199,160
7 Myanmar 188,490
8 Iran 130,000
9 Indonesia 91,773
10 Turkey 56,161
12 Iraq 33,348
13 Sri Lanka 31,851
.. .. ..
16 Malaysia 8,178
Jadual 34: Pengeluaran padi bagi negara ASEAN terpilih, 2014‐2018

Table 34: Production of paddy for selected ASEAN countries, 2014‐2018
(‘000 Tan metrik/Tonnes)
Negara
2014 2015 2016 2017 e 2018 e
Country
Indonesia 70,846.5 75,397.8 79,354.1 81,568.7 83,263.2
Viet Nam 44,974.6 45,215.6 43,617.8 43,338.0 39,590.0
Thailand 36,762.3 31,616.9 27,421.0 32,770.6 34,056.9
Myanmar 28,322.2 28,193.1 27,763.6 27,255.4 29,491.2
Philippines 18,967.8 18,911.5 17,473.2 18,549.6 19,355.1
Cambodia 9,390.0 9,324.4 9,335.3 9,577.7 9,539.1

Lao People's
4,002.4 4,102.0 4,148.8 4,339.5 4,502.6
Democratic Republic
Malaysia 2,848.9 2,738.5 2,739.0 2,902.0 3,064.8
Brunei 2.1 3.1 2.4 2.5 2.6

Sumber/Source: ASEAN Food Security Information System (AFSIS)

59
Jadual 35: Pengeluaran tangkapan ikan, Dunia, 2016
Table 35: Production of fish capture, World, 2016
(Tan metrik/Tonnes)
1 China 17,807,391
3 India 5,082,332
6 Peru 3,811,802
7 Japan 3,275,263
8 Viet Nam 2,785,940
9 Norway 2,203,360
10 Myanmar 2,072,390
12 Chile 1,829,238
13 Bangladesh 1,674,770
14 Malaysia 1,584,371
15 Thailand 1,530,583
Sumber/Source: FAOSTATS
Jadual 36: Pengeluaran akuakultur, Dunia, 2016

Table 36: Production of aquaculture, World, 2016
(Tan metrik/Tonnes)
1 China 48,831,263
2 India 5,699,800
4 Viet Nam 3,623,606
6 Egypt 1,370,657
7 Myanmar 1,017,141
8 Thailand 944,961
9 Japan 631,662
10 Brazil 578,800
12 Ecuador 445,034
13 United States of America 404,860
.. .. ..
21 Malaysia 184,823

Jadual 37: Pengeluaran tangkapan ikan, Asia, 2016
Table 37: Production of fish capture, Asia, 2016
(Tan metrik/Tonnes)
1 China 17,807,391
3 India 5,082,332
4 Japan 3,275,263
5 Viet Nam 2,785,940
6 Myanmar 2,072,390
9 Malaysia 1,584,371
10 Thailand 1,530,583
11 Republic of Korea 1,395,951
12 Taiwan 750,236
13 Iran 695,407
14 Cambodia 629,950
15 Sri Lanka 521,637
Jadual 38: Pengeluaran akuakultur, Asia, 2016

Table 38: Production of aquaculture, Asia, 2016
(Tan metrik/Tonnes)
1 China 48,831,263
2 India 5,699,800
4 Viet Nam 3,623,606
6 Myanmar 1,017,141
7 Thailand 944,961
8 Japan 631,662
11 Iran 232,658
12 Taiwan 196,828
13 Malaysia 184,823
14 Cambodia 172,300
15 Pakistan 156,430

61
Jadual 39: Kadar sara diri bagi buah-buahan terpilih, Malaysia, 2013‐2017
Table 39: Self-sufficiency ratio of selected fruits, Malaysia, 2013‐2017
Peratus/Per cent
Buah-buahan
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Fruits
Kelapa
104.7 96.7 87.8 88.2 78.1
Coconut
Nanas
107.0 106.7 104.6 105.5 106.3
Pineapple
Pisang
100.9 99.8 100.1 102.7 103.2
Banana
Tembikai
133.7 157.1 156.8 153.6 151.1
Watermelon
Mangga
30.1 33.4 36.1 30.2 25.3
Mango
Rambutan
98.2 100.5 96.8 103.9 96.2
Rambutan
Durian
103.5 101.5 102.4 102.0 99.6
Durian
Manggis
94.2 104.7 86.7 113.4 86.8
Mangosteen
Cempedak/Nangka
104.9 106.8 104.5 108.8 111.1
Jackfruit
Jambu batu
104.9 92.7 94.6 96.2 97.6
Guava
Jagung manis
102.0 93.5 102.1 101.0 105.6
Sweet corn
Betik
435.1 178.4 165.5 158.7 143.6
Papaya
Belimbing
134.4 138.2 151.5 140.1 136.0
Starfruit
Jadual 40: Kadar sara diri bagi sayur-sayuran terpilih, Malaysia, 2013‐2017
Table 40: Self-sufficiency ratio of selected vegetables, Malaysia, 2013‐2017
Peratus/Per cent
Sayur-sayuran
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Vegetables
Kobis bulat
74.9 85.7 83.3 61.9 42.2
Round cabbage
Tomato
124.7 130.1 131.8 125.0 130.1
Tomato
Cili
64.9 52.0 51.4 49.1 38.8
Chilli
Timun
111.7 107.5 101.7 113.8 117.8
Cucumber
Sawi
101.6 99.4 97.8 99.8 99.3
Mustard
Terung
110.0 101.4 102.8 109.7 116.5
Brinjal
Kacang panjang
109.3 110.6 105.4 107.0 110.5
Long bean
Bendi
109.3 105.1 103.2 105.4 106.7
Lady’s finger
Bayam
118.8 117.6 111.0 115.6 115.7
Spinach

Jadual 41: Kadar sara diri bagi hasilan ternakan terpilih, Malaysia, 2013‐2017
Table 41: Self-sufficiency ratio of selected livestock products, Malaysia, 2013‐2017
Peratus/Per cent
Hasilan ternakan
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Livestock products
Telur ayam/itik
115.4 111.9 111.9 114.0 113.7
Chicken/duck egg
Daging babi
96.0 95.4 93.9 91.7 92.1
Pork
Daging kambing/bebiri
15.5 12.7 11.5 13.0 10.7
Mutton
Daging lembu/kerbau
27.8 27.8 24.0 24.2 25.5
Beef
Daging ayam/itik
98.4 98.5 98.5 98.1 98.2
Poultry meat
Jadual 42: Kadar sara diri bagi perikanan terpilih, Malaysia, 2013‐2017
Table 42: Self-sufficiency ratio of selected fisheries, Malaysia, 2013‐2017
Peratus/Per cent
Perikanan
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Fisheries
Udang
103.4 102.5 101.3 103.2 103.1
Shrimp
Tuna
97.9 97.9 98.2 98.5 98.1
Tuna
Mackerel
86.5 86.1 86.6 89.1 82.9
Mackerel
Ketam
80.2 71.0 75.4 85.3 92.6
Crab
Sotong
109.6 108.6 105.5 101.5 104.8
Cuttlefish

63
Jadual 43: Perbelanjaan penggunaan isi rumah bulanan purata, Malaysia, 1998-2016
Table 43: Mean monthly household consumption expenditure, Malaysia, 1998-2016
(RM)
Kumpulan perbelanjaan
1998/99* 2004/05 2009/10 2014 2016
Expenditure group
01 Makanan dan minuman bukan alkohol 368 393 444 676 726
Food and non-alcoholic beverages
02 Minuman alkohol dan tembakau 30 35 48 83 98
Alcoholic beverages and tobacco
03 Pakaian dan kasut 56 59 75 124 136
Clothing and footwear
04 Perumahan, air, elektrik, gas dan bahan api lain 363 430 495 853 969
Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels
05 Hiasan, perkakasan dan penyelenggaraan isi 84 83 89 137 168
rumah
Furnishings, household equipment and routine
household maintenance
06 Kesihatan 29 27 29 59 75
Health
07 Pengangkutan 227 314 327 523 553
Transport
08 Komunikasi 59 103 124 189 203
Communication
09 Perkhidmatan rekreasi dan kebudayaan 70 92 101 174 200
Recreation services and culture
10 Pendidikan 31 38 31 41 54
Education
11 Restoran dan hotel 209 213 239 454 540
Restaurants and hotels
12 Pelbagai barang dan perkhidmatan 105 167 190 266 312

Miscellaneous goods and services
Perbelanjaan penggunaan isi rumah bulanan purata 1,631 1,953 2,190 3,578 4,033
(01-12)
Mean monthly household consumption expenditure
(01-12)
Nota/Notes:
* Data 1998/99 telah diselaraskan mengikut Classification of Individual Consumption According to Purpose (COICOP).
Data 1998/99 were adjusted according to Classification of Individual Consumption According to Purpose (COICOP).

Jadual 44: Perbelanjaan terpilih penggunaan isi rumah bulanan purata, Malaysia, 1998-2016
Table 44: Selected mean monthly household consumption expenditure, Malaysia, 1998-2016
1998/99* 2004/05 2009/10 2014 2016

Kumpulan perbelanjaan
Expenditure group
RM % RM % RM % RM % RM %
Makanan dan
minuman bukan
01 alkohol 368 22.6 393 20.1 444 20.3 676 18.9 726 18.0
Food and non-
alcoholic beverages
Beras
39 2.4 36 1.8 42 1.9 42 1.2 44 1.1
Rice
Roti dan bijirin
lain
42 2.6 44 2.3 53 2.4 89 2.5 97 2.4
Bread and other
cereals
Daging
50 3.0 54 2.8 64 2.9 101 2.8 104 2.6
Meat
Ikan dan
makanan laut 74 4.5 82 4.2 98 4.5 150 4.2 158 3.9
Fish and seafood
Susu, keju dan
telur
30 1.9 31 1.6 38 1.8 56 1.6 59 1.5
Milk, cheese and
eggs
Minyak dan lemak
12 0.7 12 0.6 13 0.6 17 0.5 22 0.5
Oils and fats
Buah-buahan
30 1.8 27 1.4 26 1.2 39 1.1 48 1.2
Fruits
Sayur-sayuran
45 2.8 44 2.2 47 2.1 80 2.2 84 2.1
Vegetables
Gula, jem, madu,
coklat dan
manisan
13 0.8 13 0.7 13 0.6 23 0.6 25 0.6
Sugar, jam, honey,
chocolate and
confectionery
Keluaran
makanan t.t.t.l.
14 0.9 25 1.3 20 0.9 36 1.0 43 1.1
Food products
n.e.c
Kopi, teh, koko
dan minuman
bukan alkohol
19 1.2 25 1.3 29 1.3 43 1.2 43 1.1
Coffee, tea, cocoa
and non-alcoholic
beverages
Minuman alkohol
dan tembakau
02 30 1.9 35 1.8 48 2.2 83 2.3 98 2.4
Alcoholic beverages
and tobacco
Restoran dan hotel

11 Restaurants and 209 12.8 213 10.9 239 10.9 454 12.7 540 13.4
hotels
Perbelanjaan
makanan di luar
rumah
178 10.9 169 8.7 194 8.9 365 10.2 430 10.7
Expenditure on
food away from
home
Perbelanjaan
minuman di luar
rumah
27 1.7 35 1.8 39 1.8 75 2.1 87 2.1
Expenditure on
beverages away
from home
Perkhidmatan
penginapan dan
lain-lain
4 0.3 9 0.4 6 0.3 14 0.4 23 0.6
Accommodation
service and
others
Nota/Notes:
* Data 1998/99 telah diselaraskan mengikut Classification of Individual Consumption According to Purpose (COICOP).
Data 1998/99 were adjusted according to Classification of Individual Consumption According to Purpose (COICOP).

65
Jadual 45: Harga purata ikan marin terpilih mengikut spesies, Malaysia, 2014-2018
Table 45: Average price of selected marine fish by species, Malaysia, 2014-2018
(RM/kg)
2018
2014 2015 2016 2017
66
Spesies (Jan. - Ogos/August)

Species Borong Runcit Borong Runcit Borong Runcit Borong Runcit Borong Runcit
Wholesale Retail Wholesale Retail Wholesale Retail Wholesale Retail Wholesale Retail
Bawal Hitam
16.11 18.56 17.63 21.59 17.89 22.18 20.30 23.32 21.00 23.58
Black Pomfret
Bawal Putih
26.87 33.90 30.86 33.88 28.88 36.49 33.75 42.03 33.59 39.41
Silver Pomfret
Cencaru
5.60 7.00 5.92 8.35 5.80 8.24 6.90 9.05 6.95 9.14
Torpedo Scad
Duri
6.51 7.36 7.24 10.22 6.33 7.32 8.21 7.60 6.87 7.49
Engraved Catfish
Gelama
6.71 9.09 6.29 8.99 5.40 9.10 7.18 9.88 6.77 10.89
Sin Croaker
Kembung/Temenung
8.10 9.41 9.44 11.89 8.77 11.28 10.83 12.60 11.04 13.03
Indian Mackerel
Kerisi
7.26 9.01 8.03 10.81 7.72 10.25 9.27 12.02 10.22 12.84
Japanese Threadfin Bream
Merah
Mangrove Red Snapper 21.22 23.77 23.27 28.09 24.26 25.26 25.79 25.83 26.55 27.15
Pari
Pale-edged Stingray 9.76 10.55 11.4 14.92 11.13 12.20 13.45 13.80 13.65 15.51
Pelaling
Island Mackerel 6.66 7.90 6.04 9.54 5.91 9.16 9.17 10.74 8.92 10.29
Selar Kuning
Yellow-Banded Scad 6.65 8.40 6.32 9.12 6.25 9.94 6.63 10.65 6.64 10.47
Selayang
Japanese Scad 5.62 6.97 6.10 7.94 5.79 7.46 7.11 8.99 7.30 9.10
Siakap Putih/Marcung
(Sarawak) 14.50 17.40 14.62 17.00 15.02 19.24 15.29 19.41 15.63 19.36
Barramundi
Tenggiri Papan
12.25 17.07 18.61 23.90 14.83 21.14 17.19 22.46 21.77 23.55
Spotted Spanish Mackerel
Terubuk
Toli Shad 16.29 25.54 19.05 35.50 31.44 24.61 15.71 24.55 20.40 30.11
Sumber: Lembaga Kemajuan Ikan Malaysia

Source: Fisheries Development Authority of Malaysia
Jadual 46: Harga purata tanaman terpilih mengikut jenis, Malaysia, 2014-2018
Table 46: Average price of selected crops by types, Malaysia, 2014-2018
(Sen/kg)
Jenis 2018
2014 2015 2016 2017 (Jan. - Ogos/August.)
Types
Getah asli
Natural rubber
G.M.M. CV
730.01 691.57 716.59 923.98 726.91
S.M.R. CV
G.M.M. L
675.07 653.40 679.63 901.50 675.67
S.M.R. L
G.M.M. 5
565.14 533.90 580.45 715.71 562.92
S.M.R. 5
G.M.M. GP
562.14 530.90 577.45 712.71 559.92
S.M.R. GP
G.M.M. 10
555.14 523.90 570.45 705.71 552.92
S.M.R. 10
G.M.M. 20
553.14 521.90 568.45 703.71 550.92
S.M.R. 20
Lateks pekat
436.91 412.88 459.06 593.22 448.72
Latex concentrate
Skrap
426.17 401.31 441.87 547.58 408.49
Scrap
Nota/Note:
Harga tanaman getah meliputi produk berasaskan getah asli.

The price of rubber include natural rubber-based products.
(RM/Tan/Tonnes)
Jenis 2018
2014 2015 2016 2017 (Jan. - Ogos/August)
Types
Buah tandan segar
521.00 459.00 594.00 606.00 498.00
Fresh fruit bunches
Biji koko
Cocoa beans
Tawau 8,535.00 8,029.00 8,370.00 6,178.00 6,203.00
Raub 8,507.00 7,956.00 8,572.00 6,496.00 6,524.00
Kuching 8,535.00 8,029.00 8,038.00 5,678.00 5,703.00
500.00 500.00 500.00 500.00 500.00
Kenaf (dried stem)
Lada *
Pepper
Lada putih
32,345.00 43,784.00 43,114.00 25,402.00 17,955.00
White pepper
Lada hitam
22,516.00 28,031.00 26,040.00 16,275.00 11,309.00
Black pepper
Nota/Note:
* Harga purata adalah berdasarkan harga belian bagi lada putih gred BBE FAQ & lada hitam gred LBE Special
The average price is based on the purchase price for BBE FAQ white pepper & LBE Special for black pepper

67
Jadual 46: Harga purata tanaman terpilih mengikut jenis, Malaysia, 2014-2018 (samb.)
Table 46: Average price of selected crops by types, Malaysia, 2014-2018 (cont’d)
(RM/kg)
68
2018
2014 2015 2016 2017
(Jan. - Ogos/August)
Jenis
Types Ladang Ladang Ladang Ladang Ladang

Borong Runcit Borong Runcit Borong Runcit Borong Runcit Borong Runcit
Ex- Ex- Ex- Ex- Ex-
Farm Farm Farm Farm Farm
Kelapa dikupas
(sedang)
Shelled coconut 0.90 1.30 1.70 0.90 1.35 1.80 1.00 1.45 1.90 1.25 1.75 2.25 1.20 1.80 2.30
(medium)
(RM/Biji/Number)
Kelapa muda
Young coconut 1.20 1.90 2.70 1.70 2.20 3.10 1.60 2.30 3.40 1.65 2.35 3.60 1.45 2.40 3.50
(RM/Biji/Number)
Nanas Morris
(sedang)
Morris Pineapple 1.20 1.60 2.25 1.40 2.00 2.80 1.40 2.00 3.00 1.45 2.00 2.90 1.45 2.05 3.05
(medium)
(RM/Biji/Number)
Tembikai New
Dragon 1.00 1.55 2.90 1.05 1.50 3.15 1.15 1.70 2.65 1.30 1.90 2.80 1.20 1.95 2.80
(tanpa biji)
Watermelon New
Dragon
(seedless)
Betik
Papaya 1.25 1.95 2.75 1.35 2.10 2.95 1.65 2.45 3.45 1.30 2.15 3.15 1.40 2.40 3.55
Buah
naga/Pitaya 3.75 5.75 8.05 3.50 6.10 8.40 3.85 6.45 9.00 3.95 7.00 9.25 4.60 7.20 10.10
Dragon fruits
Rambutan
Rambutan 1.15 2.20 3.60 1.60 2.75 4.45 1.90 3.35 5.25 2.70 4.15 6.10 2.20 3.80 5.90
Cempedak
Cempedak 1.90 2.80 4.60 2.00 3.20 4.95 2.45 4.35 6.10 3.70 5.75 7.55 3.00 5.50 9.05
Manggis
2.05 3.00 8.65 2.50 3.95 5.80 3.10 4.90 7.30 4.40 5.75 11.50 3.05 4.90 7.35
Mangosteen
(RM/kg)
2018
2014 2015 2016 2017
Jenis
Ex- Ex- Ex- Ex- Ex-
Pisang
(Berangan)
Banana 1.90 2.75 3.80 1.95 2.90 4.05 2.05 3.10 4.25 2.15 3.30 4.55 2.15 3.20 4.40
(Berangan)
Mangga (Sala)
Mango (Sala) 2.40 2.40 3.50 2.70 3.30 5.00 2.20 2.65 4.25 1.25 2.35 4.20 1.50 2.30 4.25
Durian
(kampung) 3.50 3.45 5.30 2.40 3.60 5.35 4.65 6.50 9.70 8.55 11.80 16.70 5.60 8.35 12.70
Durian (kampung)
Durian (D24)
10.60 6.30 9.95 7.00 9.35 12.60 10.45 13.10 18.45 15.40 21.50 30.10 10.35 16.05 22.80
Durian (D24)
Belimbing besi
(B10) 1.85 3.05 4.30 1.90 3.40 4.80 2.05 3.60 4.90 2.15 3.80 5.15 2.00 3.70 5.15
Starfruit (B10)
Belimbing besi
(B17/Madu)
Star fruits 2.40 3.40 4.55 2.60 3.55 4.95 3.00 4.00 5.75 2.25 4.55 6.60 2.00 3.80 5.80
(B17/Honey)
Ciku
1.50 3.75 5.75 1.95 4.00 5.70 2.30 4.00 6.00 2.45 4.90 7.45 2.65 5.45 8.15
Sapodilla
Duku
0.50 1.70 4.25 - 2.00 4.90 0.90 1.65 4.00 - 2.10 3.25 1.70 3.70 5.90
Duku
Jagung manis
(RM/tongkol)
0.80 1.00 1.40 0.70 1.10 1.45 0.80 1.30 1.80 0.70 1.20 1.60 0.65 1.00 1.30
Sweet corn
(RM/cob)
Jambu batu
(tanpa biji) 3.20 3.95 5.35 1.10 3.95 5.40 2.85 4.20 5.65 2.55 4.55 6.05 2.35 4.65 6.60
Guava (seedless)
Langsat
2.70 3.15 4.75 2.10 3.30 4.90 2.45 3.55 4.90 2.10 2.95 4.15 3.35 4.10 6.20
Langsat
Limau manis
2.30 3.85 5.35 3.05 4.15 5.80 - 4.45 6.45 - 4.85 7.00 - 4.85 7.00
69
Orange
(RM/kg)
70
2018
2014 2015 2016 2017
Jenis Ladang Ladang Ladang Ladang Ladang
Ex- Ex- Ex- Ex- Ex-
Bayam
1.50 2.40 3.55 1.65 2.60 3.95 1.75 2.80 4.10 1.80 2.95 4.30 1.75 2.95 4.20
Spinach
Sawi
1.90 2.80 4.00 2.10 3.15 4.50 2.20 3.25 4.60 2.40 3.50 4.85 2.35 3.50 4.85
Mustard
Salad bulat
2.75 4.25 6.00 3.15 5.00 6.85 3.05 4.95 6.75 3.15 5.30 7.10 2.80 4.60 6.45
Round lettuce
Bunga kobis
3.50 4.40 5.65 3.70 4.65 6.10 4.35 5.15 6.50 - 4.65 6.55 - 4.95 6.90
Cauliflowers
Kobis
1.10 1.90 2.95 1.40 2.40 3.50 1.50 2.70 3.90 1.60 2.65 3.90 1.55 2.65 3.85
Cabbage
Kacang Bendi
3.15 4.50 6.15 3.35 4.80 7.00 3.20 4.65 6.45 3.55 5.05 6.90 3.50 5.10 7.10
Lady’s finger
Kacang
panjang 2.30 3.40 4.80 2.45 3.70 5.30 2.75 4.10 5.80 3.00 4.40 6.10 2.95 4.40 6.30
Long bean
Kacang buncis
3.85 5.20 6.90 4.35 5.80 7.85 4.65 6.20 8.25 4.70 6.60 8.60 4.35 6.05 8.30
Green bean
Kailan
3.10 4.35 6.20 3.40 4.75 6.55 3.75 4.95 6.70 3.80 5.20 7.10 4.75 5.30 7.40
Chinese kale
Kangkung
1.35 2.15 3.20 1.50 2.35 3.55 1.50 2.40 3.70 1.60 2.55 3.80 1.50 2.60 3.80
Water spinach
Keladi
2.00 4.25 6.25 2.00 3.85 5.20 2.15 4.10 5.75 2.15 4.00 6.25 2.45 4.95 6.60
Yam
Ketola/Petola
Angel loofah 1.80 2.85 4.30 1.85 3.00 4.45 2.00 3.15 4.70 2.35 3.50 5.05 2.30 3.45 5.10
Peria
2.25 3.20 4.95 2.30 3.45 5.05 2.40 3.65 5.25 2.80 4.20 5.80 3.75 4.65 6.50
Bittergourd
(RM/kg)
2018
2014 2015 2016 2017
Jenis (Jan. - Ogos/August)
Types
Ladang Ladang Ladang Ladang Ladang
Ex- Ex- Ex- Ex- Ex-
Terung
panjang 2.50 3.55 5.00 2.80 3.95 5.60 2.70 3.85 5.55 3.40 4.60 6.25 3.35 4.65 6.50
Brinjal
Timun
1.20 1.80 2.75 1.25 1.85 2.95 1.35 2.00 3.05 1.35 2.10 3.20 1.30 2.15 3.30
Cucumber
Labu manis
Sweet 1.15 1.75 3.15 1.35 2.00 3.80 1.30 2.40 3.35 1.30 2.30 3.45 1.35 2.35 3.50
pumpkin
Lobak merah
Carrot 1.45 2.75 3.65 1.35 2.80 4.10 - 3.30 4.65 - 3.10 4.25 - 3.35 4.65
Lobak putih
1.35 2.55 3.85 1.60 2.85 4.20 1.85 3.20 4.50 2.15 3.15 4.55 2.20 3.00 4.60
Radish
Tomato
2.40 3.20 4.40 2.35 3.25 4.50 1.85 2.90 4.20 2.25 3.10 4.40 2.40 3.35 4.70
Tomato
Ubi kayu
1.00 1.50 2.50 1.15 1.55 2.60 1.30 1.80 2.90 1.25 1.90 3.05 0.85 2.00 3.10
Cassava
Ubi keledek
1.30 2.00 2.85 1.45 2.05 3.00 1.35 2.40 3.55 1.75 2.65 3.85 1.65 2.60 2.80
Sweet potato
Cili hijau
4.60 6.15 8.00 5.20 6.80 8.80 6.30 7.90 10.05 6.00 7.80 10.15 6.25 7.95 10.20
Green chilli
Cili merah
5.85 7.45 9.55 7.20 8.50 10.65 8.25 10.70 13.15 7.25 9.55 12.05 7.55 9.25 11.85
Red chilli
Cili padi
13.40 15.30 19.80 14.50 15.00 20.00 14.25 16.45 20.80 15.65 16.65 22.60 15.55 18.10 22.70
Hot chilli
Daun
bawang 4.00 5.05 6.85 4.00 5.90 7.95 4.35 5.50 7.65 5.05 6.60 8.85 5.05 6.65 9.05
Spring onion
71
(RM/kg)
2018
72
2014 2015 2016 2017

(Jan - Ogos/August)
Jenis
Ex- Ex- Ex- Ex- Ex-

Halia
Ginger 6.55 8.25 9.40 5.80 7.55 9.55 5.85 6.40 8.45 4.75 6.30 8.10 5.40 6.25 8.10
Kunyit
Turmeric 3.50 5.10 7.05 3.20 4.75 6.65 3.60 4.90 6.65 3.35 5.15 7.20 2.80 5.25 7.35
Lengkuas
Greater 2.20 4.05 5.65 2.60 4.35 6.10 2.95 4.20 5.95 3.00 4.45 6.15 2.65 4.55 6.40
galangal
Limau
kasturi 3.20 4.80 6.45 3.30 4.85 6.65 3.45 5.15 6.65 3.05 4.50 6.50 3.10 4.60 6.60
Musklime
Limau nipis
Lime 3.40 4.00 6.25 2.95 4.35 6.65 3.55 4.60 6.60 2.90 4.35 6.35 2.05 4.45 6.25
Pegaga
Pennywort 4.45 5.70 7.80 5.90 6.15 8.30 - 7.35 9.25 - 7.50 9.15 5.10 7.20 9.85
Serai
Lemon grass 1.90 2.80 4.00 2.10 3.15 4.50 2.50 3.35 4.70 2.80 3.45 4.70 2.10 3.75 5.25
Cekur manis
2.20 3.45 4.75 2.60 3.50 5.20 2.65 4.30 6.05 2.95 4.55 6.30 2.60 4.25 6.10
Sweet shoot
Sumber: Lembaga Minyak Sawit Malaysia, Lembaga Koko Malaysia, Lembaga Lada Malaysia, Lembaga Kenaf dan Tembakau Negara dan Lembaga Pemasaran Pertanian Persekutuan
Source: Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), Malaysian Cocoa Board (MCB), Malaysian Pepper Board (MPB), National Kenaf and Tobacco Board (NKTB) and Federal Agricultural Marketing Authority (FAMA)
Jadual 47: Harga purata hasilan ternakan terpilih mengikut jenis, Malaysia, 2014-2018
Table 47: Average price of selected livestock products by types, Malaysia, 2014-2018
(RM/kg)
2018
2014 2015 2016 2017
Jenis
Ex- Ex- Ex- Ex- Ex-
Ayam
kacukan 5.00 5.55 7.00 4.90 5.35 6.30 5.30 5.85 6.70 5.40 5.95 6.80 5.35 5.95 6.80
Cross bred
Ayam
kampung 7.70 10.20 12.90 7.90 10.05 12.50 8.25 10.90 13.45 8.55 11.10 13.75 8.35 10.90 13.65
Local fowl
Ayam
proses
(standard)
Processed - 6.70 7.85 - 6.70 7.85 - 7.15 8.25 - 7.20 8.35 - 7.20 8.30
chicken
(standard)
Ayam
proses
(super)
Processed - - 9.00 - - 8.95 - - 9.20 - - 9.30 - - 9.30
chicken
(super)
Ayam tua
Culled 3.85 5.60 7.05 5.10 6.60 8.15 - - 8.25 5.50 6.55 7.95 5.50 6.15 7.80
chicken
Daging biri-
biri import
(beku)
Imported - 18.80 22.25 - 19.85 23.15 - 20.45 24.10 - 21.65 25.70 - 23.75 27.80
mutton
(frozen)
Daging
lembu - 2.350 25.85 - 24.80 27.50 - 26.30 29.20 - 29.15 32.15 - 31.20 33.85
Local beef
Daging
kambing
Local mutton - 29.60 34.00 - 31.10 35.35 - 32.95 37.20 - 35.75 39.50 - 35.35 39.25
73
Jadual 47: Harga purata hasilan ternakan terpilih mengikut jenis, Malaysia, 2014-2018 (samb.)
Table 47: Average price of livestock products by types, Malaysia, 2014-2018 (cont’d)
(RM/Biji/Eggs)
2018
2014 2015 2016 2017
74
Jenis
Ex- Ex- Ex- Ex- Ex-
Telur ayam
Chicken
eggs
Gred A 0.35 0.36 0.39 0.35 0.35 0.38 0.34 0.36 0.38 0.34 0.35 0.37 0.34 0.35 0.37
Gred B 0.33 0.35 0.37 0.34 0.35 0.37 0.33 0.35 0.36 0.33 0.34 0.36 0.32 0.34 0.36
Gred C 0.35 0.34 0.36 0.33 0.34 0.36 0.32 0.33 0.35 0.31 0.33 0.35 0.31 0.33 0.34
Telur itik
Duck eggs
Besar
Large 0.40 0.55 0.80 0.40 0.55 0.70 0.45 0.60 0.75 0.50 0.60 0.75 0.51 0.61 0.76
Sedang
Medium 0.35 0.50 0.60 0.35 0.50 0.65 0.35 0.50 0.65 0.40 0.50 0.65 0.45 0.52 0.67
Sumber: Lembaga Pemasaran Pertanian Persekutuan

Source: Federal Agricultural Marketing Authority
NOTA TEKNIKAL
TECHNICAL NOTES
NOTA TEKNIKAL
1. Indikator pertanian
1.1 Indikator pertanian merupakan petunjuk untuk mengukur perkembangan

sektor pertanian dan memberi gambaran komprehensif sesuatu perubahan
yang berlaku dalam sektor pertanian bagi satu tempoh tertentu.
1.2 Antara parameter yang terlibat dalam indikator pertanian adalah Keluaran
Dalam Negeri Kasar (KDNK), guna tenaga, pengeluaran, keluasan bertanam,
harga dan perdagangan luar negeri.
2. Akaun negara
2.1 Akaun negara bagi Keluaran Dalam Negeri Kasar (KDNK) telah diasaskan
semula kepada tahun 2010 dari tahun asas 2005.
2.2 KDNK tahun asas 2010 merupakan pelaksanaan pengasasan semula keenam
yang dilaksanakan oleh Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. Siri asas terdahulu
adalah 1970, 1978, 1987, 2000 dan 2005.
2.3 Pengasasan semula bermaksud KDNK pada harga malar dinilai semula
menggunakan harga tahun asas terkini. Pengasasan semula dilaksanakan
bagi memastikan data KDNK mencerminkan senario yang lebih tepat
mengenai struktur ekonomi negara. Bagi kes Malaysia, tahun 2010 dipilih
kerana ekonomi berkembang secara normal tanpa sebarang impak yang
besar.
2.4 Pengasasan semula ini telah menambahbaik konsep dan metodologi

berdasarkan saranan System of National Accounts (SNA).
3. Penduduk bekerja
3.1 Had umur bekerja bagi sesebuah negara ditentukan berdasarkan struktur
umur penduduk negara tersebut yang aktif dalam ekonomi. Umur bekerja
bagi analisis Survei Tenaga Buruh (STB) di Malaysia merujuk kepada ahli
isi rumah yang berumur 15 hingga 64 tahun semasa minggu rujukan, sama
ada berada di dalam tenaga buruh atau di luar tenaga buruh1.
77
NOTA TEKNIKAL
3.2 STB menggunakan pendekatan taraf sebenar yang mana seseorang itu
dikelaskan berasaskan kegiatannya dalam tenaga buruh semasa minggu
rujukan. Taraf aktiviti ini terbahagi kepada kategori berikut:
i. Tenaga buruh
Tenaga buruh merujuk kepada penduduk dalam kumpulan umur
bekerja sama ada bekerja atau menganggur.
ii. Bekerja
Semua orang yang bekerja sekurang-kurangnya sejam semasa minggu
rujukan untuk mendapatkan upah, keuntungan atau keuntungan
keluarga sama ada sebagai majikan, pekerja, bekerja sendiri atau
pekerja keluarga tanpa gaji. Mereka juga dianggap bekerja jika:
a. tidak bekerja semasa minggu rujukan disebabkan sakit,

kecederaan, tiada upaya, cuaca buruk, bercuti, pertelingkahan
buruh dan sebab-sebab sosial atau keagamaan tetapi mempunyai
pekerjaan, ladang, perusahaan atau perusahaan keluarga lain
untuk kembali bekerja.
b. tidak bekerja buat sementara waktu tetapi bergaji dan pasti akan
dipanggil semula.
c. bekerja kurang daripada 30 jam semasa minggu rujukan

disebabkan bentuk kerja atau disebabkan kurang kerja dan
berkeupayaan serta sanggup menerima tambahan bilangan jam
bekerja. Kumpulan ini merupakan guna tenaga tidak penuh.
Mereka yang bekerja lebih daripada 30 jam semasa minggu rujukan

merupakan guna tenaga penuh.
1
Survey of Economically Active Population, Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment: An ILO Manual on
Concepts and Methods.

NOTA TEKNIKAL
4. Pengeluaran sektor pertanian dan keluasan bertanam
4.1 Data pengeluaran dan keluasan bertanam bagi sektor pertanian diperoleh
daripada pelbagai agensi pertanian.
4.2 Pengeluaran sektor pertanian meliputi pengeluaran tanaman terpilih, hasil

ternakan, akuakultur air tawar & air payau/masin, bilangan ternakan dan
sembelihan ternakan direkod serta pendaratan ikan laut.
4.3 Keluasan bertanam merujuk kepada keluasan yang ditanam sama ada
matang dan/atau belum matang. Penerbitan ini memaparkan maklumat
keluasan bertanam bagi tanaman terpilih bagi padi, getah, kelapa sawit, koko,
kenaf, lada, buah-buahan, sayur-sayuran, rempah ratus, herba dan
bunga-bungaan.
5. Indeks Pengeluaran Perindustrian (2010=100)
5.1 Indeks Pengeluaran Perindustrian (IPP) bertujuan untuk mengukur kadar

perubahan sebenar dalam pengeluaran komoditi perindustrian bagi satu
tempoh masa. Pembentukan IPP telah menggunakan 2010 sebagai tahun
asas. Tahun asas 2010 menggantikan tahun asas 2005 yang telah digunakan
sebelum ini.
5.2 Konsep dan definisi yang digunakan adalah berdasarkan Piawaian Klasifikasi
Industri Malaysia (MSIC) 2008, Ver.1.0 yang selaras dengan International
Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC), Rev.4.
6. Indeks Harga Pengguna (2010=100)
6.1 Indeks Harga Pengguna (IHP) mengukur perubahan peratus kos pembelian
mengikut masa bagi “bakul” tetap barangan dan perkhidmatan yang mewakili
corak purata pembelian oleh sekumpulan penduduk pada sesuatu tempoh
masa yang ditetapkan.

79
NOTA TEKNIKAL
6.2 “Bakul” ini merujuk kepada barangan dan perkhidmatan yang mempunyai
kualiti dan kuantiti yang seakan-akan sama atau tidak berubah, mengandungi
item yang berada lama atau boleh diukur secara berterusan di pasaran
berbanding dengan masa.
6.3 Perubahan harga barangan yang berlaku dalam “bakul” ini adalah disebabkan
oleh perubahan harga yang sebenarnya sahaja, iaitu perubahan harga ini
tidak berkaitan langsung dengan perubahan pada kuantiti atau kualiti
barangan dan perkhidmatan tersebut.
6.4 Barangan dan perkhidmatan yang diliputi dalam “bakul” ini adalah luas,
dikelaskan berpandu kepada United Nations Classification of Individual
Consumption According to Purpose (COICOP) dalam 12 kumpulan berikut:
● Makanan dan Minuman Bukan Beralkohol

● Minuman Beralkohol dan Tembakau
● Pakaian dan Kasut
● Perumahan, Air, Elektrik, Gas dan Bahan Api Lain
● Hiasan, Perkakasan dan Penyelenggaraan Isi Rumah
● Kesihatan
● Pengangkutan
● Komunikasi
● Perkhidmatan Rekreasi dan Kebudayaan
● Pendidikan
● Restoran dan Hotel
● Pelbagai Barangan dan Perkhidmatan
7. Perdagangan luar negeri
7.1 Import merujuk kepada sesuatu barang yang dibawa masuk ke dalam negara
sama ada terus atau disimpan di gudang-gudang yang dikawal tanpa mengira
sama ada barang tersebut adalah untuk kegunaan sendiri, diproses,
digunakan dalam perkilangan atau dieksport semula.

NOTA TEKNIKAL
7.2 Eksport merujuk kepada sesuatu barang (keluaran atau buatan tempatan
atau diimport untuk dieksport semula) yang dibawa keluar dari negara.
7.3 Imbangan perdagangan ialah perbezaan antara nilai eksport dan import.
Apabila eksport melebihi import lebihan direkodkan manakala defisit
dicatatkan apabila import melebihi eksport.
8. Perbelanjaan penggunaan isi rumah
Perbelanjaan penggunaan isi rumah adalah segala perbelanjaan untuk kegunaan

persendirian ke atas barangan dan perkhidmatan sepanjang tempoh rujukan. Definisi
perbelanjaan penggunaan isi rumah yang diguna pakai dalam Penyiasatan
Perbelanjaan Isi Rumah mengikut konsep dan garis panduan oleh United Nations
menerusi penerbitan A System of National Accounts, 2008 dan Framework for
Statistics on the Distribution of Household Income, Consumption and Wealth, 2013
yang diterbitkan oleh The Organisation for Economics Co-operation and
Developement (OECD).
9. Kadar sara diri (SSR)
Kadar sara diri menerangkan sejauh mana bekalan komoditi pertanian sesebuah
negara dapat memenuhi permintaan domestik. Kadar sara diri yang mencapai
100 peratus atau lebih menunjukkan pengeluaran komoditi pertanian adalah
mencukupi untuk memenuhi keperluan domestik.
Kadar Sara Diri (SSR)

= Pengeluaran
X 100%
(Pengeluaran + Import) - Eksport
10. Pembundaran
Jumlah bagi komponen mungkin berbeza dengan jumlah besar dalam jadual
penerbitan disebabkan oleh pembundaran angka.

81
NOTA TEKNIKAL
11. Simbol dan singkatan
Simbol dan singkatan berikut digunakan dalam penerbitan ini:
t.t.t.l. tidak terkelas di tempat lain

kg kilogram
RM Ringgit Malaysia
e anggaran
p awalan
r pindaan
n.a. tidak diperoleh
0.0 kurang daripada 0.05
- tiada data
W.P. Wilayah Persekutuan

TECHNICAL NOTES
1. Agricultural indicators
1.1 Agricultural indicators are indicator to measure the growth of agriculture

sector and provide a comprehensive picture of the changes taking in the
agriculture sector for a certain period.
1.2 Among the parameters related to the agricultural indicators are Gross
Domestic Product (GDP), employment, production, planted areas, prices and
external trade.
2. National accounts
2.1 A national account of Gross Domestic Products (GDP) has been rebased to
year 2010.
2.2 GDP base year 2010 is the sixth rebase exercise implemented by Department
of Statistics Malaysia. The previous series of base years were 1970, 1978,
1987, 2000 and 2005.
2.3 Rebasing of GDP means that GDP at constant price is revalue by using the
latest base year price. Rebase is carried out to ensure that the GDP data
reflect a more accurate scenario of the country’s economic structure.
In Malaysia, year 2010 is chosen as the economy expanded at a normal price
without any significant impact.
2.4 The rebase has further enhanced on the concepts and methodologies based
on the recommendation by System of National Accounts (SNA).
3. Employed person
3.1 The working age limit for a country is determined based on the age structure
of the economically active population of the country. Working age for the
analysis of Labour Force Survey (LFS) in Malaysia refers to household
members between the age of 15 to 64 years during the reference week, who
are either in the labour force or outside the labour force1.

83
TECHNICAL NOTES
3.2 The LFS uses the actual status approach, where a person is classifield on the
basis of labour force activity during the reference week. The activity status is
categorised as follows:
i. Labour force
Labour force refers to population in the working age group who are
either employed or unemployed.
ii. Employed
All persons who, at any time during the reference week worked at
least one hour for pay, profit or family gain either as an employer,
employee, own-account worker or unpaid family worker. They are also
considered as employed if they:
a. did not work during the reference week because of illness, injury,
disability, bad weather, leave, labour dispute and social or
religious reasons but had a job, farm, enterprise or other family
enterprise to return to.
b. were temporary laid-off with pay and would definitely be called

back to work.
c. were employed less than 30 hours during the reference week

because of the nature of their work or due to insufficient work
and are able and willing to accept additional hours of work. This
group is underemployed.
Persons who were employed more than 30 hours during the reference week
are considered to be in full employment.
1
Survey of Economically Active Population, Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment: An ILO Manual
on Concepts and Methods.

TECHNICAL NOTES
4. Production of agriculture sector and planted areas
4.1 Data production and planted areas for the agriculture sector are obtained
from various agencies.
4.2 Production agricultural sector covers the production of selected crops,

livestock, freshwater & brackishwater aquaculture, number of livestock and
recorded slaughter of livestock as well as marine fish landings.
4.3 Planted area refers to the area which is either mature and/or immature. This
publication presents information on planted areas for selected crops comprise
paddy, rubber, oil palm, cocoa, kenaf, pepper, fruits, vegetables, spices,
herbs and flowers.
5. Industrial Production Index (2010=100)
5.1 The Industrial Production Index (IPI) is to measure the rate of change in the
production of industrial commodities in real terms over time. Compilation of
Industrial Production Index (IPI) used 2010 as base year. The base year 2010
replaces the base year 2005 which has used before.
5.2 Concepts and definitions used were based on Malaysia Standard Industrial
Classification (MSIC) 2008, Ver.1.0 which adheres to the International
Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC), Rev.4.
6. Consumer Price Index (2010=100)
6.1 The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the percentage change through
time in the cost of purchasing a constant “basket” of goods and services
representing the average pattern of purchases made by a particular
population group in a specified time period.
6.2 The “basket” is of an unchanging or equivalent quantity and quality of goods

and services, consisting of items for which there are continually measurable
market prices over time.

85
TECHNICAL NOTES
6.3 Changes in the costs of items in the “basket” are therefore due only to pure
price movements, i.e. price movements that are not associated with changes
in the quality and/or quantity of the set of consumer goods and services in
the basket.
6.4 This “basket” covers a wide range of goods and services, classified according
to the United Nations Classification of Individual Consumption According to
Purpose (COICOP) in the following 12 groups:
● Food and Non-alcoholic Beverages

● Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco
● Clothing and Footwear
● Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas and Other Fuels
● Furnishings, Household Equipment and Routine Household Maintenance
● Health
● Transport
● Communication
● Recreation Services and Culture
● Education
● Restaurants and Hotels
● Miscellaneous Goods and Service
7. External trade
7.1 Imports refer to goods that are brought into the country either directly or into
bonded warehouse, irrespective of whether such goods are for consumption,
to be processed, use in manufacturing or subsequent re-exports to other
countries.
7.2 Exports refer to goods (locally produced or manufactured or imported for

subsequent re-export) that are taken out of the country.
7.3 The balance of trade is the difference between the value of exports and
imports. When exports exceed imports it is recorded as a surplus while a
deficit is registered when imports exceed exports.

TECHNICAL NOTES
8. Household consumption expenditure
Household consumption expenditure is the expenditure incurred by private

households on consumption of goods and services during the reference period. The
definition of household consumption expenditure used in the Household Expenditure
Survey based on the concepts and guidelines by United Nations as published in A
System of National Accounts, 2008 and Framework for Statistics on the Distribution
of Household Income, Consumption and Wealth, 2013 published by The Organisation
for Economics Co-operation and Developement (OECD).
9. Self-sufficiency ratio (SSR)
Self-sufficiency ratio (SSR) explains the extent to which a country’s supply of

agricultural commodities to meet the domestic demands. SSR that reaches 100 per
cent or more indicates production of agriculture commodities is sufficient to meet the
domestic needs.
Self-Sufficiency Ratio (SSR)

= Production
X 100%
(Production + Imports) - Exports
10. Rounding
The sum of components may differ to the totals in the tables presented in this
publication due to rounding.

87
TECHNICAL NOTES
11. Symbols and abbreviations
The following symbols and abbreviations have been used throughout the publication:
n.e.c not elsewhere classified

kg kilogramme
RM Ringgit Malaysia
e estimate
p preliminary
r revised
n.a. not available
0.0 less than 0.05
‐ no data
W.P. Wilayah Persekutuan

SUMBER DATA
DATA SOURCES
SUMBER DATA
DATA SOURCES
PERKARA AGENSI
SUBJECTS AGENCY
Akaun Negara
National Accounts
Guna tenaga
Employment
Penduduk
Population
Indeks Pengeluaran Perindustrian Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia
Index of Industrial Production Department of Statistics, Malaysia (DOSM)
Indeks Harga Pengguna
Consumer Price Index
Perbelanjaan penggunaan isi rumah
Household consumption expenditure
Kadar sara diri
Self-sufficiency ratio
Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia

Department of Statistics, Malaysia (DOSM)
Jabatan Pertanian
Department of Agriculture (DOA)
Lembaga Minyak Sawit Malaysia

Pengeluaran tanaman dan keluasan Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB)
bertanam bagi tanaman terpilih
Production and planted area for selected Lembaga Koko Malaysia (LKM)
crops Malaysian Cocoa Board (MCB)
Lembaga Kenaf dan Tembakau Malaysia

(LKTN)
National Kenaf and Tobacco Board (NKTB)
Lembaga Lada Malaysia

Malaysian Pepper Board (MPB)
Pengeluaran hasilan ternakan

Production of livestock products
Sembelihan ternakan yang direkod Jabatan Perkhidmatan Veterinar

Recorded slaughter of livestock Department of Veterinary Services (DVS)
Bilangan ternakan
Number of livestock

91
SUMBER DATA
DATA SOURCES
PERKARA AGENSI
SUBJECTS AGENCY
Pendaratan ikan laut

Landings of marine fish
Pengeluaran akuakultur air tawar dan Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia

air payau/masin Department of Fisheries, Malaysia (DOF)
Aquaculture production of freshwater and
brackishwater
Pengeluaran dan nilai ikan hiasan

Production and value of ornamental fish
Lembaga Pemasaran Pertanian

Harga purata tanaman dan ternakan
Persekutuan
terpilih
Federal Agricultural Marketing Authority
Average price of selected crops and livestock
(FAMA)
Lembaga Kemajuan Ikan Malaysia

Harga purata ikan marin terpilih
(LKIM)
Average price of selected marine fish
Fisheries Development Authority of Malaysia
Perdagangan luar negeri sektor Kementerian Pertanian dan Industri

pertanian Asas Tani
External trade for agriculture sector Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based
Industry (MOA)
Pengeluaran tertinggi bagi komoditi

tanaman dan ternakan terpilih, Dunia Food and Agriculture Organization of the
dan Asia United Nations (FAO) Statistical Database
Top production on selected crop and
livestock commodities, World and Asia
Pengeluaran tertinggi bagi tangkapan

ikan dan akuakultur, Dunia dan Asia Food and Agriculture Organization of the
Top production of fish capture and United Nations (FAO) Statistical Database
aquaculture, World and Asia
Pengeluaran padi bagi Negara ASEAN

terpilih ASEAN Food Security Information System
Production of paddy for selected ASEAN (AFSIS)
countries


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INDIKATOR PERTANIAN TERPILIH

SELECTED AGRICULTURAL INDICATORS

Dimaklumkan bahawa Kerajaan Malaysia telah mengisytiharkan Hari

Please be informed that the Government of Malaysia has declared

JABATAN PERANGKAAN MALAYSIA

Tel. : 03-8885 7000

Diterbitkan pada Disember 2018

Published and printed by:

Tel. : 03-8885 7000

Published in December 2018

All rights reserved.

Indikator Pertanian Terpilih, Malaysia, 2018 merupakan penerbitan tahunan yang

Jabatan merakamkan setinggi-tinggi penghargaan di atas kerjasama yang diberikan oleh

DATO' SRI DR. MOHD UZIR MAHIDIN

Indikator Pertanian Terpilih

Selected Agricultural Indicators, Malaysia, 2018 is an annual publication comprises

This publication consists of compilation of statistics from various agencies including

DATO' SRI DR. MOHD UZIR MAHIDIN

Indikator Pertanian Terpilih

Kata pengantar iii

Senarai jadual statistik vi

Indikator Pertanian Terpilih

EKONOMI SEKTOR PERTANIAN

1 KDNK mengikut jenis aktiviti ekonomi, 2013-2017 29

2 KDNK mengikut jenis aktiviti ekonomi, 2013-2017 31

3 KDNK mengikut jenis aktiviti pertanian, 2013-2017 33

4 KDNK mengikut negeri, 2013-2017 (harga malar 2010) 34

5 KDNK mengikut negeri bagi sektor pertanian, 2013-2017 35

6 Pengeluaran tanaman terpilih, Malaysia, 2013-2017 36

7 Bilangan ternakan mengikut jenis, Malaysia, 2013-2017 38

8 Bilangan ternakan mengikut jenis dan negeri, Malaysia, 2017 38

9 Bilangan sembelihan ternakan yang direkod mengikut jenis 39

10 Pengeluaran hasilan ternakan, Malaysia, 2013-2017 39

11 Pendaratan ikan laut mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2013-2017 40

Indikator Pertanian Terpilih

12 Pengeluaran akuakultur air tawar dan air payau/masin 41

13 Pengeluaran dan nilai ikan hiasan mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 42

14 Keluasan bertanam bagi tanaman terpilih, Malaysia, 43

GUNA TENAGA DI SEKTOR PERTANIAN

15 Penduduk bekerja di sektor pertanian, Malaysia, 2013-2017 45

16 Penduduk bekerja mengikut industri dan kewarganegaraan, 45

17 Taburan peratus penduduk bekerja dalam sektor pertanian 48

PENGELUARAN INDUSTRI ASAS TANI

18 Indeks Pengeluaran Perindustrian (IPP) ‐ Pembuatan 49

Indikator Pertanian Terpilih

HARGA BAGI SUBKUMPULAN MAKANAN DAN

19 Indeks Harga Pengguna (IHP) bagi subkumpulan makanan 51

PERDAGANGAN LUAR NEGERI SEKTOR PERTANIAN

20 Perdagangan luar negeri sektor pertanian, Malaysia, 52

21 Pengeluaran komoditi tanaman terpilih, Dunia, 2016 53

22 Pengeluaran komoditi tanaman terpilih, Dunia, 2016 53

23 Pengeluaran komoditi tanaman terpilih, Dunia, 2016 54

24 Pengeluaran komoditi tanaman terpilih, Dunia, 2016 54

25 Pengeluaran komoditi tanaman terpilih, Dunia, 2016 55

26 Pengeluaran komoditi tanaman terpilih, Dunia, 2016 55

27 Pengeluaran komoditi ternakan terpilih, Dunia, 2016 56

Indikator Pertanian Terpilih

28 Pengeluaran komoditi ternakan terpilih, Dunia, 2016 56

29 Pengeluaran komoditi ternakan terpilih, Dunia, 2016 57

30 Pengeluaran komoditi ternakan terpilih, Dunia, 2016 57

31 Pengeluaran komoditi ternakan terpilih, Dunia, 2016 58

32 Pengeluaran komoditi ternakan terpilih, Dunia, 2016 58

33 Pengeluaran komoditi ternakan terpilih, Dunia, 2016 59

34 Pengeluaran bagi negara ASEAN terpilih, 2014‐2018 59