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Standard Manufacturing Procedure of Vishwamitra Kapala Taila

Article · January 2015

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Letter to Editor
Standard Manufacturing Procedure of Vishwamitra Kapala Taila
Intezar Ali*, Galib**, B.J. Patgiri*, P.K. Prajapati***
Introduction
The concept of topical applications has been
well emphasized through the ages, which can
be w i tnessed i n t he cl assi cs of Charaka[1],
Sushruta[2], Vagbhata[3] and Vradha Vagbhat[4]
etc. Initial classics used terms like Pradeha,
Lepa, Alepa, Pralepa and Liptaetc. for topical
applications.[5] A huge number of siddha tailas
(processed oils) were referred in Ayurveda for
topical applications.Vishwamitra Kapala Taila,
one of such Tailasis advocated to be applied
topically in different skin diseases. Though, it
is an important formulation, its Standard
Manufacturing Process (SMP) has not been
reported till date. Initial studies on Vishwamitra
Kapala Taila concluded an yield of around 2-
3% oil.[6] During the routine practicals in the
laboratory, it was observed that, the yield can
be increased upto 6-7% with controlled
temperature and cow dung cakes. Considering
these observations; it has been planned to
revalidate SMP of Vishwamitra Kapala Taila.
Author’s Affiliation: *7, Vabhava Appartment, Near to
Swastik Garden, Swastik Society, Jamnagar- 361008, Gujarat,
India.**Lecturer, Post Graduate Dept. of Rasa Shastra &
Bhaishajya Kalpana including Drug, ***Dean, H.O.D.
Department of Ras-Shastra & B-Kalpana, Research Institute
for Post Graduate Teaching & Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat
Ayurved University, Jamnagar – 361008 Gujarat
Reprint’s Request: Intejaar Ali, 7, Vabhava Appartment,
Near to Swastik Garden, Swastik Society, Jamnagar- 361008,
Gujarat, India.
E-mail: Intejaarali984@gmail.com
Volume 8 Number
©Red Flower 1, January
Publication Pvt.Ltd- March 2015
Indian Journal of Ancient Medicine and Yoga
43
Volume 8 Number 1, January - March 2015
Materials and Methods
Raw Material
The only ingredient of the formulation,
Vishwamitra Kapala (Shells of coconut)was
procured from the pharmacy, Gujarat
Ayurved University, Jamnagar.
The apparatus
The apparatus used in this experiment is
Patala Yantra. It is useful to extarct oils from
raw material. A big pot is to be filled with
material from which oil is to be extracted. The
neck of the pot is to be be covered with iron
mesh and later with another small vessel
(receiving pot) having similar neck diameter
of the first pot. The junctions of the neck are
to be carefully sealed with mud smeared cloth.
A pit of suitable size is to be made in the
ground, moistened with water, and the set-
up of the pots is to be shifted into the pit, taking
care that the big pot should be above the
smaller one. The set-up is to be covered with
cow dung cakes of required amount. Cow
dung cakes are to be ignited to burn
completely. On self cooling, oil drawn into the
small pot is to be collected carefully.
In current study, Vishwamitra Kapala Tailais
prepared by processing in this patanayantra.
The pots were replaced with stainless stell
vessels. This taila is mentioned in
AryaBhishak,[7] in Agasthiyar Guna
Chintamani and in Formulary of Siddha
Medicines of IMPCOPS.
Method
Coconut shells of 1000g were taken; fiber (if
44 Intezar Ali et al / Standard Manufacturing Procedure of Vishwamitra Kapala Taila
any) was removed, and cleaned properly from
both the sides. The shells were reduced to
pieces of 2 to 5 cm in diameter, and dried
completely in sun light.
Dried and cleaned coconut shells were filled
in the stainless steel vessel of 7l capacity and
the mouth was tied tightly with iron sieve (#
9). The receiving container of 1l capacity was
placed in an inverted position to cover the
mouth of the first vessel. The junctions were
sealed carefully, and allowed for complete
drying.
A pit of 55 cm diameter and 26 cm depth
was made in the ground, moistened with a
liter of water that will facilitate the process of
condensation. The set-up of the steel vessels
was shifted into the pit and covered with cow
dung cakes surrounding the apparatus. The
cakes were ignited with fire for 3 hrs and
allowed to self-cool. Temperature was noted
at regular intervals.
As, no clear description is available towards
the number (or weight) of cakes to be used
during the process of extraction; three
experiments were carried-out with varying
number of cakes. Brief details of the cakes used
are placed at Table 1.
Considering the observations in this batch;
further more experiments were carried out
with a bigger batch size (5000g). In case of this
large batch size; dried and cleaned coconut
shells were filled in the earthen vessel of 24l
capacity and the mouth was tied tightly with
iron sieve (# 9). The receiving container of 6.5l
capacity was placed in an inverted position to
cover the mouth of the steel vessel. The
junctions were sealed carefully, and allowed
for complete drying. A pit of 72 cm diameter
and 26 cm depth made in the ground was used
in the experiment. The pit was moistened with
two liters of water to facilitate the process of
condensation. The set-up of the vessels was
shifted into the pit and covered with 60 cow
dung cakes surrounding the apparatus. The
cakes were ignited with fire for 3 hrs. and
allowed to self-cool. Temperature was noted
at regular intervals. Oil was extracted in five
batches maintaining the number of cakes and
weight of the shells uniformly. Brief details are
placed at Table 2.
Pharmaceutical procedure of Vishwamitira
Kapal Snehain photograph. Figure 1
Results
Initial experiments were carriedout with
1000g of dried coconut shells. Number of cow
dung cakes was changed in three experiments.
In the first experiment 40 cow dung cakes were
used and in further experiments increased to
Indian Journal of Ancient Medicine and Yoga
 Intezar Ali et al / Standard Manufacturing Procedure of Vishwamitra Kapala Taila 45

Figure 1: Preparation of Vishwamitra Kapal Sneha

60 and 80. Duration of heating was fixed for
180 minutes. The peak temperature observed
was more (6400C) with 80 cow dung cakes and
was minimum (375 0 C) with 40 cow dung
cakes. Minimum yield was observed in
presence of 40 cow dung cakes, while
comparatively more with 60 cow dung cakes
(Table 3). Considering this, 60 and 80 cow
dung cakes were considered in further
experiments.
The batch size was increased to 5000g,
duration of heating was fixed for 180 minutes.

Volume 8 Number 1, January - March 2015

46 Intezar Ali et al / Standard Manufacturing Procedure of Vishwamitra Kapala Taila

Yield was found more (205gm) with 60 cow
dung cakes, and was less with 80 cakes
(98.2gm). Possibly, the exracted oil was burnt
with high temperature during the process.
Later batches were planned to be prepared in
presence of 60 cow dung cakes. Total five
batches were prepared maintaining the
conditions and an average of 263.84gm (5.3%)
yield was obtained (Table 4).
Discussion
reported an yield of 2-3%. The current
observations reveal that, if conditions including
number/weight of cow dung cakes, duration,
temperature are maintained, yield can be
increased to 5-6%. For a batch of 5000g of dried
coconut shells, 60 cow dung cakes of 5268 g
weight were found to be sufficient, as more
number of cakes were yielding less amount of
oil. Heating for 180 minutes can be fixed.
During the heating, average peak temperature
obser v ed w as 6040 C. The pattern of
temperature followed is platted in the graph
as depicted at figure 2.

Initial attempts on Vishwamitra Kapala Taila

Figure 2: Temperature pattern observed in five batches

Indian Journal of Ancient Medicine and Yoga

 Intezar Ali et al / Standard Manufacturing Procedure of Vishwamitra Kapala Taila
Conclusion
In this study 5.3% yield is obtained from
5000g coconut shells with earthen pot having
24l capacity, receiving container having 6.5l,
60 cow dung cakes and duration of heating
180 minutes. The current observations can be
considered as Standard Manufacturing
Procedure for future.
References
1. Charak Samhita of Agnivesha, Elaborated by
Charak and Drdhabala with the Ayurveda
Dipika Commentary of Chakrapanidatta, Edited
by Vaidya Yadavji Acharya. Varanasi:
Chaukhambha.
2. Sushruta Samhita Sutra Sthana-18/5, with the
Nibandhasangrah Commentary of Shri
Dalhanacharya, edited by Vaidya Jadavji
Trikamji Acharya, Repeat Editon. 2003: 85.
3. Bhatacharya. Stang Haradya Samhita, Sasilekha
commentary of Indu, Editor-
Asthavaidyanvaidyamadhom Cheriya, Narayan
Lambodari math, first adition, Chiktsa Sthan,
Chep 19th. 2007: , 399.
4. Varda Vagbhat. Stang Samgarh, Editor- Shiva
Volume 8 Number 1, January - March 2015
View publication stats
47
Parshad Sharma, First Edition, Chikitsa Sthan,
Chep 2nd. 2006: 465.
5. Charak Samhita of Agnivesh. Sutra stahan, Chep
3 Elaborated by Charaka and Drdhabala with
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Chakrapanidatta, Vol 1, Prologue by Prof. R.H.
Singh, first edition. 2011: 54.
6. Sushrutasamhita Sutra Sthana-18, with the
Nibandhasangrah Commentary of S h r i
Dalhanacharya, edited by Vaidya Jadavji
Trikamji Acharya, Repeat Editon. 2003: 84.
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commentary of Indu, Editor- Asthavaidyan
Vaidya Madhom Cheriya, Narayan Lambodari
Math, First adition Sutrasthan, Chep-22/20.
2007: 124.
8. Kunal Maniyar, VJ Shukla, BJ Patgiri, PK
Parajapati. To develop the S.O.P. for preparation
of Vishwamitra Kapala Sneha and Analyze the
samples of Vishwamitra Kapala Sneha by
Advanced Analytical Techniques. Dissertation
Work. 2008.
9. Arya Bhishak or Hindustan No Vaidaraj by
Ayurved Martand Shastri Shankar Daji Pade,
Translated by Harikrishna Bhagwanlal Vyas,
19 th Edition, Vanaushadhi Gunadarsh 338.
Ahmedabad: Sastu Sahitya Vardhak Karyalay;
1996, 285.