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ﺩﻭﺭﺓHMI
ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺏ
ﺑﻮﺟﻴﺮﻥ
ﻗﺴﻢﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ
bouguerneimen@gmail.com
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ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎﺕ
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ﺃﻧﺎ؟ﺟﻼﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ؟
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ﺃﻧﺎ؟ﺟﻼﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ؟
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ﺃﻧﺎ؟ﺟﻼﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ؟
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ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ /ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ /ﺑﻴﺉﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ
ﻳﻤﻜﻦﻭﺻﻒ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ )ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ،ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ،ﺍﻟﺦ( ﻋﻠﻰ
ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻳﻦ:
• ﺱ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕﺟﺪﻭﻯ :ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻲء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺃﺩﺍء
ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ.
• ﺱ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ :ﻫﻲ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺉﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺃﻥﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ
ﺻﻤﻢﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻠﻬﺎ.
• ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﻰﺑﻴﺉﺔ
ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ.
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• ﻻﻡ'ﺑﻴﺉﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞﻳﻬﺪﻑ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺗﻜﻴﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ،
ﺣﺘﻰﻳﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺃﻧﺸﻄﺘﻪ ﺑﺄﻗﺼﻰ ﻗﺪﺭ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ
ﻛﻔﺎءﺓ ،ﻝ ﺇﺷﺒﺎﻉﻭﺑﻨﺎءﺍ ﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﺮﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔﻣﻊ ﺍﻧﺨﻔﺎﺽ
ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻒ.
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ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔﺑﻴﺉﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ
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ﻳﺘﻴﺢﻟﻚ HMIﺍﻟﻤﺮﻳﺢ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ:
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ﺃﻧﺎ؟ﺟﻼﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ؟
ﺁﻟﺔ
ﻭﺍﺟﻬﻪﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ
ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ :ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ، ﺭﺟﻞ
ﺍﻟﺠﻮﺍﻝ)ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﻲ، ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ
ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺗﻒﺍﻟﺬﻛﻲ ،(…،ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺑﻮﺕ…،
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ﺗﻄﻮﺭ) HMIﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ(
•ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ :
-ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓﺍﻹﺩﺧﺎﻝ/ﺍﻹﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﻭﺩﺓ :ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ،ﻭﻣﺸﻐﻼﺕ/
ﺧﺮﺍﻣﺔﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ )ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺍﻣﺞ(
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ﺗﻄﻮﺭ) HMIﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ(
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ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊﺍﻟﻤﻌﺰﺯ
ﺻﻮﺭﺓﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ.
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ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﻠﺺ
ﺁﺭﺇﻡ :ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻂ
ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ :HMIﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ
-ﺑﻌﺾﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻹﺭﺿﺎء ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﻓﻲ HMIﻫﻲ:
• ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺣﺠﻤﻪ )ﻭﻓﻘﺎً ﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﺘﺲ(:
-ﻛﻠﻤﺎﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺉﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺪﻑ ﺃﻗﺮﺏ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻭﺱ ،ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﻬﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻜﺲ
ﺻﺤﻴﺢ؛
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ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ :HMIﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ
-ﺑﻌﺾﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻹﺭﺿﺎء ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﻓﻲ HMIﻫﻲ:
• ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡﻭﺍﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻴﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐ؛
• ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍءﺓ ﻭﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﻥ:
-ﻳﻔﻀﻞﺗﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ/ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺪ )ﺩﺍﻛﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﻓﺎﺗﺤﺔ :ﺃﺳﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ( ،ﻭﺗﺠﻨﺐ
ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕﺃﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ )ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﻬﺎﺩ(:
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ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ :HMIﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ
-ﺑﻌﺾﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻹﺭﺿﺎء ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﻓﻲ HMIﻫﻲ:
• ﻗﺮﺍءﺓﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ:
1 -ﻭﻗﺖﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﺭ :ﻣﺴﺎﺭ Z؛ ﺛﻢ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﺉﻴﺔ .ﺛﻢ ﺍﺑﺤﺚ؛
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ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ :HMIﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ
-ﺑﻌﺾﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻹﺭﺿﺎء ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﻓﻲ HMIﻫﻲ:
• ﻋﺮﺽﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ:
-ﺧﻄﻮﻁ… ،sans serif )sans serif(: Arial، Calibri، Jennifer؛
-ﺳﻤﻴﻦ,ﻣﺎﺉﻞ,ﻳﺆﻛﺪ ،ﺇﺑﻄﺎء ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍءﺓ؛
-ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻭﻑﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍءﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮﺓ.
•
ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ:
-ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ.
-ﺗﺠﻨﺐ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺪﻭﺩﺓ.
-ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍءﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ؛
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ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ :HMIﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ
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ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ :HMIﺍﻵﻟﺔ
-ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ:
• ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ) Nﺧﺎﺩﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ(؛
• ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕﺍﻟﻬﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﺍﻝ؛
ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ؛ •
• ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺑﻮﺗﺎﺕﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻵﻟﻲ.
• ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺰﺯ ....
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ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ :HMIﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ
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ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ2
ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺎﺕﺭﺳﻮﻣﻴﺔ
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ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺔﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﻴﺔ
• ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ
ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝﺑﻴﻦ
ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ)ﺃﻧﺖ( ﻭﺍﻵﻟﺔ )ﺟﻬﺎﺯ
ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﻚ(.
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• ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ
ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔﻣﺮﺉﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻊ
ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ
ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﺬ،ﻭﺍﻷﻳﻘﻮﻧﺎﺕ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺎﺕ،
ﻭﻣﺮﺑﻌﺎﺕﺍﻟﻨﺺ ،ﻭﺃﺯﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ،
ﻭﻣﺎﺇﻟﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ.
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ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺔﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﻴﺔ
• ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻤﻤﺔ
ﺟﻴﺪﺍًﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻔﻆ
ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻣﺮﺍﻟﻤﻌﻘﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺭﺳﻮﻣﻲ
ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻣﺮ.
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ﻧﻮﻉﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ:ﺧﻂ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ
• ﺃﻭﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺧﻂ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻣﺮﺃﻭﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ)ﻓﻲ
ﺇﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻱﻭﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺧﻂ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻣﺮ ،ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮﺓ ﻋﺎﺩﺓﺳﻄﺮ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻣﺮ( ﺍﻧﻬﺎﻭﺍﺟﻬﺔ
ﺍﻵﻟﺔﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻭﺣﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻩ
ﻓﻲﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ:
• ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺑﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺳﻄﺮ ﻣﻦﻃﻠﺐ ،ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩ
ﻋﻠﻰﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﻟﻤﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺑﺈﺟﺮﺍء ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺎ؛
• ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺳﻄﺮ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻣﺮ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﻟﺒﺪء ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ
ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﻡﺑﺮﻣﺠﺔﺑﻔﻀﻞ
ﻣﻦﺃﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻣﺮ ،ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﻠﺤﻮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ.
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ﻧﻮﻉﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ:ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ
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ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﺬﻭﺍﻷﻳﻘﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺉﻢ ﻭﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ
ﺟﻬﺎﺯ"ﻭﻳﻤﺐ"
• ﺗﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﻴﻨﻴﺎﺕ
ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺸﺮﻣﻦﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﻨﻴﺎﺕ ،ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ
ﺍﻝﺍﻟﺘﺴﻌﻴﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎﻧﻈﺎﻡﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ،ﺻﻨﻊ
ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢﺃﺗﻤﺘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ.
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ﻧﺎﻓﺬﺓﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ
-ﻧﺎﻓﺬﺓ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻃﺔ -ﻧﺎﻓﺬﺓ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻃﺔ
ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ - -ﻳﺠﺐﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺇﻏﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬﺓ ﻟﻠﻌﻮﺩﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ
ﻧﺎﻓﺬﺓﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬﺓﺍﻟﺮﺉﻴﺴﻴﺔ
ﺍﻟﺮﺉﻴﺴﻴﺔ
-ﺇﻟﺰﺍﻣﻲﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ
-ﻳﻤﻜﻦﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ
ﺗﺨﻠﻰ -ﻳﻤﻜﻦﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺴﻤﺎﺡ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ
ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺎ ﺑﺮﺅﻳﺔﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ
ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ
68
ﺿﻌﻴﻒ :ﺷﺒﺎﺑﻴﻚ
• ﻧﻮﺍﻓﺬﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﺭ:
-ﻧﺎﻓﺬﺓﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ
-ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﺬﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻃﺔ:
ﻳﺘﺤﻜﻢﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﻭﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺠﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ -
ﺍﻟﻤﻄﺮﻭﺡ؛
ﻳﺠﺐﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺇﻏﻼﻕ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﺭ ﻟﻠﻌﻮﺩﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺉﻴﺴﻴﺔ؛ -
ﻧﺎﻓﺬﺓﻣﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻤﺎﺡ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺑﺮﺅﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ. -
-ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﺬﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻃﺔ:
ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﻓﺬﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺉﻴﺴﻴﺔ؛ -
ﻳﻤﻜﻦﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺎً -
73
ﺿﻌﻴﻒ:ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻮﺯ
ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻮﺯ
ﻟﻠﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﺮﺭﺓ
ﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ
ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ
ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺯﺭ ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺉﻤﺔ
ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﻢ ) 12ﻓﻲ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻷﺣﻮﺍﻝ 20 ،ﻛﺤﺪ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ(
ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ
ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﻢ
ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ
ﺣﻠﻮﻝ
ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻼﺕ
ﻓﻘﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻳﻘﻮﻧﺎﺕ +ﺍﻟﻨﺺ
77
ﺑﻴﺉﺔﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ:ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ
"ﺻﻨﻊ ﺑﻴﺉﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻼﻗﺔﺑﻴﻦ
ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥﺳﻮﺍء ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻐﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ ...ﻭﺃﺩﺍﺓﺃﻭ
ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻣﻨﺘﺞﻓﻲ ﺳﻴﺎﻕ ،ﺑﻴﺉﺔ ،ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ،ﺑﻬﺪﻑ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ
ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕﻭﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻼﺉﻤﺔ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ
ﺻﻨﻌﻬﺎ)ﺳﻬﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ،ﺩﻭﻥ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ(
ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺻﻤﻤﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻠﻪ )ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎءﺓ(" .؛
ﺟﺎﻥﺗﺸﺎﺭﻟﺰ ﺩﻭﺩﻣﺎﻥ.
96
ﺑﻴﺉﺔﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ:ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ
"ﺑﻴﺉﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﻲﺟﺴﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔﺇﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ
ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ،ﻭﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ،ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊﺁﻻﺕ ،ﻭ ﺍﻝ
ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﺪ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﻰﺭﺍﺣﺔ
ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔﻭﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎءﺓ .ﻣﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺑﻴﺉﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﻲﻓﻦ)ﻛﻤﺎ
ﻧﺘﺤﺪﺙﻋﻦ ﻓﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﻭﻓﻦ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ( ،ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ
ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ.
97
.1ﺑﻴﺉﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ )ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ( ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ
ﻟﻸﺳﻒ،ﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔﻻ'ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ -
ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪﺿﺪﺍﻟﻰﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻭﺇﻧﺸﺎء ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻣﺮﻳﺢ ﻣﻊ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ.
-ﺗﻢﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻳﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺧﺒﺮﺍء ﻣﺮﻳﺤﻴﻦ)
ﻣﺮﺗﻜﺰﻋﻠﻰﺍﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻛﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻵﻟﺔﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻻﺕ
ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ:ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻲ ﻭﻋﻠﻢ ﻭﻇﺎﺉﻒ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎء ،ﻭﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻷﻋﺼﺎﺏ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﻴﺔ،
ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻛﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ(.
-ﻭﻣﻦﺛﻢ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺓﺳﻴﺎﻕﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ )ﻣﺠﺎﻝ
ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ،ﻭﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻦ ﻭﺗﻨﻮﻋﻬﻢ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺉﺔ ،ﻭﻣﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ( ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻼﺕ
99 ﻣﻦﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻦ
.2ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﻣﺮﻳﺤﺔ
ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍﺗﻢ ﺇﻧﺸﺎء ﺃﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﺩﺓ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺔ HMIﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﺃ -
ﺇﺷﺮﺍﻙﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻀﻲ ﻗﺪﻣﺎً ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻨﻬﻢ
ﻓﻲﺩﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮﺩﺭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻳﺤﺔ
ﺍﻟﺘﻲﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ :ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ,ﺳﻴﺎﻕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ،ﻭﺿﺪﻩﺹﺱﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻳﺤﺔ.
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.2ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻳﺤﺔ )ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ(
• .2.1ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ) INRIAﺑﺎﺳﺘﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺳﻜﺎﺑﻴﻦ( 8 :ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺔ
ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ،ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:
.1ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﻓﻖ.
.2ﺇﺭﺷﺎﺩ؛
.3ﻋﺐء ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ؛
.4ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ؛
.5ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻒ؛
.6ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎء؛
.7ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ/ﺍﻻﺗﺴﺎﻕ؛
.8ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻮﺯ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﻤﺎء.
101
.2ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻳﺤﺔ )ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ(
• .2.1ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ) INRIAﺑﺎﺳﺘﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺳﻜﺎﺑﻴﻦ( -(2 :ﺍﻹﺭﺷﺎﺩ
-ﺍﻝﺇﺭﺷﺎﺩﻫﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺉﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ
ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻼﺗﻪ )ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﺉﻞ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﻴﻬﺎﺕ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺎﺕ ،ﻭﻣﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ( .ﻧﻤﻴﺰ :
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