A.Y.

2023-24_BE_Division_ D_HVAC&R_Question Bank_Unit 1: Gas Cycle Refrigeration

Question Bank_Unit 1: Gas Cycle Refrigeration

Theory Questions

[1] Explain the working of a simple air cycle cooling system used for aircrafts.

[2] Write down the merits and demerits of air refrigeration system.

[3] Describe boot-strap cycle of air refrigeration system, with a schematic diagram and show
the cycle on T-s diagram.

[4] Explain, with a neat sketch, the working principle of boot-strap evaporative type of air
refrigeration system. Draw T-s diagram for the system.

[5] Describe with a diagram the reduced ambient air cooling system.

[6] Describe with a sketch a regenerative air cooling system.

[7] Compare the various air cooling systems used for aircraft.

[8] Write a short note on desirable properties of refrigerants.

[9] Explain in brief the concept of Dry air rated temperature (DART).

[10] Derive the refrigerant numbers for the following chemicals: (i) CF4 (ii) CHCL2 F (iii)
CH3Cl (iv) C2CIF5

[11] Derive the chemical formula for R-114,R-717.

[12] State secondary refrigerants and selection of refrigerants.

[13] What do you understand by the concept of GWP and ODP?

Prof. Sumit Kumar Rai (Asst. Prof. – MED, DYPIT, Pimpri, Pune) Page 1
 A.Y. 2023-24_BE_Division_ D_HVAC&R_Question Bank_Unit 1: Gas Cycle Refrigeration

Numerical Questions

[1] In a refrigeration plant working on Bell Coleman cycle, operates between pressure limits of
1.05 bar and 8.5 bar. Air is drawn from cold chamber at 10°C, compressed and then cooled to
30°C before entering the expansion cylinder. The expansion and compression follows the law
PV1.3=C. Determine the theoretical COP of the system?

[2] A refrigerating system operates on reversed Carnot cycle. The higher temperature of the
refrigerant in the system is 35°C and the lower temperature is – 15°C. The capacity of the
system is to be 12 tonnes. Determine the following:

a) COP
b) Heat rejected from the system per hour.
c) Power required

[3] A simple air refrigeration system is used for an aircraft to take a load of 20 TR. The ambient
pressure and temperature are 0.9 bar and 22°C respectively. The pressure of air is increased
to 1 bar due to isentropic ramming action. The air is further compressed in a compressor to
3.5 bar and then cool in a heat exchanger to 72°C. Finally, the air is passed through the
cooling turbine and then it supplied to the cabin at a pressure of 1.03 bar. The air leaves the
cabin at a temperature of 25°C. Assuming the isentropic efficiencies of the compressor and
turbine as 80 per cent and 75 % respectively, find:

a) Power required to take the load in the cooling cabin

b) C.O.P. of the system.

Take Cp = 1.005 kJ / kg K; and ɣ = 1.4. [Ans. P = 390 kW; COP = 0.18]

[4] The ambient conditions for an air craft cruising at 1000 km/h are 0.35 bar and 15°C. The
cabintemperature is 25°C and turbine exit pressure is 1.06 bar. The pressure ratio of the
compressor is 3.Assuming 100% efficiency for ram effect, compressor and turbine and ideal
heat exchangers,determine for simple gas refrigeration cycle of 20TR capacity:

a) Temperatures and pressures at all points of the cycle;

b) Mass flow rate and volume flow rates at compressor inlet and turbine outlet; and

c) Work requirement and C.O.P.

Prof. Sumit Kumar Rai (Asst. Prof. – MED, DYPIT, Pimpri, Pune) Page 2
 A.Y. 2023-24_BE_Division_ D_HVAC&R_Question Bank_Unit 1: Gas Cycle Refrigeration

Assume, Cp= 1.005 × 10³ J/kg K; R = 286 J/kg K; and y = 1.4 for air.

[Ans. 296.4 K, 0.569 bar; 405.8 K, 1.707 bar; 296.4 K, 1.707 bar; 258.6 K; 106 kg/min, 158
m³/min, 74 m³/min; 11654.4 kJ/min, 0.36]

[5] A boot-strap air refrigeration system of 20 TR capacities is used for an airplane flying at an
altitude of 2000 m. The ambient air pressure and temperature are 0.8 bar and 0°C. The ram
air pressure and temperature are 1.05 bar and 17°C. The pressure of air after isentropic
compression in the main compressor is 4 bar. This air is now cooled to 27°C in another
auxiliary heat exchanger and then expanded isentropically upto the cabin pressure of 1.01
bar. If the air leaves the cabin at 25°C and the efficiencies for the main compressor, auxiliary
compressor and the cooling turbine are 80%; 75% and 80% respectively; find:

a) Power required to operate the system and

b) C.O.P. of the system.

[Ans. 106.2 kW ; 0.66]

[6] A boot strap air refrigeration system is used for an airplane to take 10 tonnes of refrigeration
load.The ambient air conditions are 15°C and 0.9 bar. This air is rammed isentropically to a
pressure of 1.1bar. The pressure of the air bled off the main compressor is 3.5 bar and this is
further compressed insecondary compressor to a pressure of 4.5 bar. The isentropic
efficiency of both the compressors is90% and that of cooling turbine is 85%. The
effectiveness of both the heat exchangers is 0.6. If thecabin is to be maintained at 25°C and
the pressure in the cabin is 1 bar, find:

a) Mass of air passingthrough the cabin

b) Power used for the refrigeration system; and

c) C.O.P. of the system.

[Ans. 55.3 kg/min; 125 kW; 0.28]

Prof. Sumit Kumar Rai (Asst. Prof. – MED, DYPIT, Pimpri, Pune) Page 3
 A.Y. 2023-24_BE_Division_ D_HVAC&R_Question Bank_Unit 1: Gas Cycle Refrigeration

[7] A boot-strap cooling system is used for an airplane to take 10 tons refrigeration load.
Thetemperature and pressure conditions of atmosphere are 15°C and 0.9 bar. The pressure of
the air is increasedfrom 0.9 bar to 1.1 bar due to ramming action of the plane. The pressures
of the air leaving the maincompressor and auxiliary compressor are 3.2 bar and 4.2 bar
respectively. Isentropic efficiency of bothcompressors is 90% and isentropic efficiency of the
turbine is 85%. 55% of the total heat of air leavingthe main compressor is removed in the
first heat exchanger and 30% of the heat of air leaving the auxiliarycompressor is removed in
the second heat exchanger using rammed air.Assuming the ramming action is isentropic, find
the followings:

a) kW-capacity required to take the cabin load

b) C.O.P. of the system.

[8] The required cabin pressure is 1.03 bar and temperature of air leaving the cabin should not
exceed 27°C. 3.33. A boot-strap cooling system of 20 tons capacity is required for an
airplane cabin. The temperature and pressure conditions of the atmosphere are 20°C and 0.8
bar. The pressure of air is increased from 0.8 bar to 0.96 bar due to ramming action. The
pressure of the air leaving the main-compressor and auxiliary compressor are 3.5 bar and
5.25 bar respectively. The isentropic efficiency of both compressors is 85% and of turbine is
80%, 60% of the total heat of the air leaving the main compressor is removed in the firstheat
exchanger and 35% of the total heat of the air leaving the auxiliary compressor is removed in
the second heat exchanger. Assuming that ramming is isentropic and cabin pressure is 1.03
bar, find the followings:

a) kW required to take the load in the cabin.

b) C.O.P. of the system.
The temperature of air leaving the cabin should not exceed 27°C.

Prof. Sumit Kumar Rai Dr. Nitin P. Sherje

Sub. Teacher: HVAC (BE “D”) HoD – Mechanical Engg.

Prof. Sumit Kumar Rai (Asst. Prof. – MED, DYPIT, Pimpri, Pune) Page 4