Republic of the Philippines

CENTRAL LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY

College of Business Administration and Accountancy
Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija

ASSIGNMENT #1: SOCSCI 1100

DEQUEROZ, SHIN MADONA M.

BS ENTREP 2

August 16, 2023

SOCSCI 1100

1. 2 DEFINITIONS OF HISTORY

 History is essentially a thorough account of things that have happened in the past,
including stories about individuals, societies, and civilizations. It involves looking
at, evaluating, and making meaning of these incidents in order to learn more about
how cultures and communities developed and how they affected the modern
world.

 History also includes the stories that form around these historical events. The
perspectives of the historians themselves can influence these narratives, which in
turn affects how we understand and gather lessons from historical events. History
is a dynamic exploration of our shared human journey through time, not merely a
collection of facts.

2. PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY

The philosophy of history is like taking a step back and pondering the bigger
picture. It's all about diving into questions about what history really means – its purpose,
significance, and how we make sense of it all. This branch of philosophy isn't just about
memorizing dates and events; it's about exploring the deeper stuff. Think causality – why
things happen the way they do, whether history follows a predetermined path, and how
much control people have over shaping the course of events. Philosophers in this field
also like to chat about ethical implications tied to history and how it connects to the way
we view the world. So, it's like an intellectual adventure into the heart of human stories
and how they weave into the fabric of our existence.

PHILOSOPHY ACCORDING TO:

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A. Giambattista Vico
According to Giambattista Vico, an Italian philosopher from the 17th and
18th centuries, philosophy is all about diving into the cultural and social
expressions that define us as humans. Vico's take on philosophy is a bit different
from the usual abstract discussions – he believed in getting to the heart of how
societies, languages, and institutions develop over time. His twist? He thought
that history repeats itself in cycles, and by studying these patterns, we can
uncover the essence of human civilization. Vico's philosophy encourages us to dig
deep into our cultural roots and explore the way societies evolve, offering us a
unique lens to understand the core aspects of human nature and how societies
function.

B. Fernand Braudel
Fernand Braudel, the renowned French historian, had a distinctive take on
philosophy. He saw it as a way to dive into the vast river of history, focusing on
the long-term currents and geographical influences that mold human societies and
cultures. According to Braudel, philosophy isn't just about abstract thoughts; it's
about understanding the deep-seated patterns that shape our world over extended
periods. He gave a lot of importance to things like geography, economics, and
social institutions in unraveling historical development. Braudel's philosophy is
like zooming out to see the bigger picture, appreciating the slow-moving forces
that shape civilizations, beyond just the quick events we usually focus on.

C. Arnold Joseph Toynbee

Arnold Joseph Toynbee, a British historian and philosopher, had a unique
perspective on philosophy. He saw it as a way to dive into the fascinating journey
of civilizations – how they rise, fall, and sometimes rise again. Toynbee believed
that philosophy should go beyond abstract ideas and instead focus on
understanding how societies, cultures, and religions interact and shape each other
throughout history. His philosophy is like peeling back the layers of time to reveal
the patterns of growth, decline, and renewal that civilizations go through.
Toynbee thought that by studying these patterns, we can learn from the past, make
sense of the present, and even get some hints about the future. Essentially, his
philosophy is all about exploring the dynamic relationships between civilizations
and how they adapt and respond to the challenges they face.

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 D. Karl Popper
Karl Popper, a notable philosopher of science, saw philosophy as a way to
sharpen our thinking and solve problems. For him, philosophy wasn't about
getting lost in abstract thoughts – it was a tool for carefully dissecting theories and
concepts. Popper believed that the key was to critically analyze ideas using logic
and real-world evidence. One big thing for him was the idea of falsifiability – the
notion that scientific theories should be structured in a way that they can be
proven wrong through testing. Instead of getting tangled up in philosophical
musings, Popper wanted philosophy to roll up its sleeves and get practical by
identifying and weeding out incorrect ideas through thorough testing and critical
thinking. Basically, his philosophy encourages us to embrace a skeptical and
investigative approach to knowledge, always refining and improving our
understanding through scientific methods.

E. Karl Marx
Karl Marx, the revolutionary thinker, had a rather dynamic take on
philosophy. For him, it wasn't just about deep thoughts – it was a way to roll up
your sleeves and change the world. Marx believed that philosophy should do
more than just observe and explain things; it should actively be a force for
transforming society. His philosophy, often called dialectical materialism, zooms
in on how history and economics shape societies. Marx wanted philosophy to be a
tool to uncover the hidden conflicts and tensions in society, especially those
related to classes vying for power. He was all about digging into the power
imbalances and inequalities that come with capitalism. Basically, Marx's
philosophy is like a call to action – using sharp analysis to reveal societal
injustices and working together to bring about a fairer world.

3. HISTORICITY OF TEXT

Think of the historicity of a text as a measure of how true and accurate it is when
it comes to historical stuff. It's like figuring out if the things mentioned in the text
actually match up with what really happened in history – the people, events, and the
whole vibe of that time. Texts with high historicity are like time capsules that give us a
clear peek into the past, showing us what life was like back then. But sometimes, texts

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can be a bit "creative" with history, adding twists or biases that can affect how reliable
they are. Experts dive into things like language, references, and how everything fits
together to decide if a text is solid in its historical facts or if it's a bit wobbly. It's all about
making sure we're getting the real deal when we look back in time through written words.

4. RELATIONSHIP OF HISTORY INTO OTHER BRANCHES OF SOC SCI

History shares close relationships with other branches of Social Science, as they
often overlap and complement each other in understanding human societies. Here are a
few examples:

 SOCIOLOGY:
History helps sociologists see patterns in how people have lived over time.
It's like looking at old photos to understand how things have changed and what's
still the same in how we act and live.

 ANTHROPOLOGY:
This is like digging into different cultures, and history gives
anthropologists the tools to explore how people lived and how things have
evolved over the years.

 ECONOMICS:
Historical facts are like treasure for economists. They help economists see
how money, trade, and decisions about resources have shaped the world we live
in.

 POLITICAL SCIENCE:
Political historians look at how governments and politics have changed
over time. It's like looking at old maps to see how countries and rules have
shifted.

 PSYCHOLOGY:
Just like we learn about people today, history helps psychologists
understand how people thought, felt, and behaved in different times. It's like
reading old diaries to learn about our ancestors' minds.

 GEOGRAPHY:
Historical geography is like a time-traveling adventure. It lets us see how
landscapes, cities, and places have changed, helping us understand how people
and the environment have interacted.
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  CULTURAL STUDIES:
History is the key to unlocking how cultures have grown and shaped
societies. It's like watching a movie to learn about different ways people express
themselves and what's important to them.

So, history isn't just about old stories – it's the glue that connects these Social
Sciences, helping us understand the big picture of how we've come this far as a society.