DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL BANGALORE - EAST

CLASS: V SUBJECT: SCIENCE

CHAPTER- 5 GOOD HEALTH (NOTES)
Short answer questions:

1. What are nutrients? Name the five main nutrients.

Ans: Nutrients are the special substances that are present in the food we eat. The five main nutrients
are- Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals.

2. What is a balanced diet?

Ans: A balanced diet contains all the nutrients in the correct quantities.

3. What does a food pyramid tell us?

Ans: A food pyramid tells us what to eat to make our diet a healthy one.

4. Differentiate between communicable diseases and non-communicable diseases.

Communicable diseases
• Diseases that spread from one person to
another are known as communicable
diseases.
• These diseases are caused by very tiny
organisms called germs
Non-communicable diseases
• Diseases that do not spread from one
person to another are known as non-
communicable diseases.
• They are caused due to deficiency of a
particular nutrient in our diet

5. What is vaccination?
Ans: Vaccination is the process of injecting a substance into someone’s body to protect against a
disease.

Long answer questions:

1. Explain why the following nutrients are needed by our body.

a. Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates are energy giving food. They provide energy for us to do our work.
Rice, wheat, sweet potato, bread and bananas are rich sources of carbohydrates.
b. Proteins: Proteins are also called as body-building food, because they help in the growth of our body.
They also help in repairing the tissues of the body and healing small cuts and wounds. Milk, eggs, meat,
curd, soyabean, fish and pulses are rich in proteins.

c. Vitamins & Minerals: Vitamins keep our body fit and help it to resist disease. Minerals help our
body to grow well and develop properly. Fresh fruits and vegetables, fish and eggs are sources of
vitamins Milk, green leafy vegetables and fruits are rich sources of minerals.

2. What should the balanced diet of school-going children include?

ANS: A typical balanced diet for school going children should include the following-
• Rice, chapattis, whole wheat bread or maize in each meal.
• Three servings of milk or equivalent amounts of curd, cheese and other milk
products in a day.
 • Plenty of seasonal fruits and vegetables each day.
• Beans, peas, nuts, eggs or small amounts of fish and meat.
• A little fat oil or ghee.
• Six to eight glasses of clean, fresh drinking water in a day.

3. Explain the role of exercise and rest in staying healthy and fit.
ANS: Exercise increases the flow of blood to the muscles and keeps us fit and healthy. Taking
rest is also important as our body gets time to relax and gears up to do more work. So regular
exercise and enough rest helps us to stay healthy and fit.

4. What is a disease? Write any two modes of transmission of communicable diseases.

ANS: Disease is a condition when our body does not function normally. A person suffering
from a disease becomes sick and weak.
The two modes of transmission of communicable disease are- air and infected food and water.

5. How can the following help to prevent communicable diseases?

a. Vaccination- It is the most effective method of preventing communicable diseases. There
are different vaccines for different diseases. When the vaccine of a particular disease enters
our body, our body becomes capable of killing the germs of that disease. So, we develop
resistance of that disease. Eg: Polio vaccine, Chicken pox vaccine etc.

b. Purifying water- Communicable diseases like typhoid and dysentery spread by the
contaminated water. Germs from water can be removed by following ways:
• Water should be boiled for about 25 minutes and then cooled and used thereafter.
• Water can also be purified using water filters or purifiers.
Water should also be kept in clean and covered containers.

c. Removing stagnant water from coolers- Mosquitoes breed in stagnant water. Keep the
water coolers dry when not in use.

6. Why are non-communicable diseases also called deficiency diseases? How are night blindness
and goitre caused?
ANS: Non-communicable diseases are caused due to deficiency of a particular nutrient in our
diet. That is why they are also called deficiency diseases.
Night blindness is caused due to deficiency of vitamin A. The affected person cannot see
properly in the dim light. Goitre is caused due to deficiency of iodine. It results in swelling in
the neck region.

7. How can the following deficiency diseases be prevented?

a. Beriberi- Beriberi can be prevented by taking a diet rich in unpolished rice, fish, meat
and cereals.
b. Rickets- Rickets can be prevented by taking a diet rich in milk, fish, butter and eggs.
c. Anaemia- Anaemia can be prevented by taking a diet rich in green leafy vegetables such
as spinach, brinjal and fruits such as apples, dates, guavas, bananas, jaggery, meat and
liver.
NOTE: WRITE THE HIGHLIGHTED QUESTION AND ANSWERS IN THE NOTE BOOK:

Short Answers: Q.NO- 1, 4 and 5

Long Answers: Q.NO- 1,3,5, 6 and 7
Diagrams to be drawn: Three types of germs- Bacteria, Virus & Protozoan
(Pg. No: 54)

*******************
 DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL BANGALORE - EAST
CLASS:V SUBJECT: SCIENCE
CHAPTER- 8 EARTH, SUN AND MOON (NOTES)

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Differentiate between solar eclipse and lunar eclipse.

Ans.
Solar Eclipse Lunar Eclipse
1. A solar eclipse occurs when the moon comes 1. A lunar eclipse occurs when the earth comes
between the sun and the earth. between the sun and the moon.
2. The moon blocks the sunlight and casts its 2. The earth casts its shadow on the moon.
shadow on the earth.

2. Name the first Indian to go into space.

Ans: Rakesh Sharma

3. Name the first man-made satellite.

Ans: Sputnik 1

4. Objects weigh less on the moon than they do on the earth. Why?
Ans: Objects weigh less on the moon than they do on the earth because there is less gravity on
the moon as compared to the earth.

5. How do astronauts go into space?

Ans: Astronauts go into space using space shuttles.

6. Why do astronauts wear spacesuits?

Ans: To protect themselves from the harsh conditions, astronauts have to wear special suits
called spacesuits. These spacesuits create an earth like atmosphere for them.

7. What are artificial satellites?

Ans: Artificial satellites are man-made objects that orbit the earth.

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS:

1. What is the surface of the moon like?

Ans: The surface of the moon is made of rocks and dust. There are big mountains and deep craters
on it. The craters have been created due to the impact of colliding meteorites. There is no water on the
surface of moon.

1
 2. Why does the moon have extremes of temperature?
Ans: There is no air and water on the moon. So, there is no life on it. No air means there is no
atmosphere on the moon to block the heat of the sun. So, it becomes boiling hot (about 100 Degree
Celsius) during the day. Similarly, in the absence of an atmosphere at night, all the heat from its
surface escapes into space. So, it gets freezing cold (about -150 degree Celsius) at night.

3. Why does the moon have so many craters?

Ans: There is no atmosphere on the moon. So, there is no protection from the approaching
meteorites. That is why there are so many craters on the moon.

4. How does a solar eclipse occur?

Ans: During its motion around the earth, the moon sometimes comes between the sun and the earth
such that the three are in a straight line. The moon blocks the sunlight and casts its shadow on the
earth. Since the sun gets hidden behind the moon, it is called solar eclipse.

5. Write any three uses of artificial satellites.

Ans: Three uses of artificial satellites are as follows –
1. Surveying earth’s surface.
2. Weather forecasting – Weather satellites takes pictures of the movements of
clouds and is used to forecast weather. They are also helpful in predicting natural
calamities such as cyclones, floods and hurricanes.
3. Communication – Communication satellites are used for radio, television,
phone and internet transmission.

6. Why do we see different shapes of the moon? What is the name given to these?
Ans: As the moon orbits the earth, it also spins around its own axis. The periods of rotation
and revolution of the moon are almost the same. So, the same side of the moon is always facing the
earth. However, we can see this side of the moon only if it is illuminated by the sun. As the moon
orbits the earth, different portions of this side of the moon get illuminated by the sun.
That is why we see different shapes of the moon. These changing shapes of the moon that we see are
called phases of the moon.
New moon, crescent moon, half moon, gibbous moon and full moon are the names given to these
different shapes of moon.

HOTS

2. Why do you think there are hardly any craters on the surface of the earth?
Ans: Most meteoroids that enter the earth’s atmosphere slow down and burn up in
mesosphere. So, there are hardly any craters on the surface of the earth.

3. What would happen when all the hydrogen in the sun has changed into helium?
Ans: The sun is a big ball of hot burning gases. It is made up of mostly hydrogen. The
hydrogen is continuously changing into helium.
Hydrogen Helium + Light + Heat
If all the hydrogen of the sun changes into helium, the sun will die.

2
 NOTE- Write the highlighted question and answer in the notebook

• Short answer questions: 1,4 and 6

• Long answer questions: 2,3,5 and 6
• HOTS question 2 and 3

Draw the following diagrams in the notebook:

1. PHASES OF THE MOON ( PAGE NO-89)

2. SOLAR ECLIPSE ( PAGE NO-90)
3. LUNAR ECLIPSE ( PAGE NO- 91)