Translated from Slovak to English - www.onlinedoctranslator.

com

SKOLAINSVESTORA.COM

Investment trends
in 2023
This e-book is intended for anyone who is interested
in AI and wants to learn more about this fascinating
technology. No prior AI knowledge or experience is
required. You just need to have an open mind and a
desire to learn new things.
 Introduction

Every moment something happens in history that changes the world forever. Some
inventions and discoveries have triggered revolutions in society, economy and
technology. Let's think, for example, about the discovery of metals, the invention of the
steam engine, the creation of automobiles or the development of the Internet. These
things opened up new possibilities for us and created new needs. Currently, there is
more and more talk about another phenomenon that could have a similar impact on
our future. It is artificial intelligence, abbreviated AI - from English Artificial Intelligence.

Many books, films and series are devoted to artificial intelligence, which show us various
scenarios of its use or abuse. But what exactly is AI and how can we use it in real life?
How is AI evolving and what are its possibilities and limitations? How can AI affect our
daily decisions and actions? And how can we invest in AI and profit from it? We will try to
answer these and other questions in this e-book.

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 INVESTMENT TRENDS 2023

CHAPTER 1.

What is AI and how

does it work?
 What is AI and how it works:

1.
AI stands for artificial intelligence, which is the ability of machines
and software to perform tasks that require human intelligence. AI is
used for problem solving, pattern recognition, language processing,
content creation, gaming and many other activities.

AI falls into two main categories: weak AI and strong AI. Weak AI is a
type of AI that can only perform specific tasks in a specific context.
Examples of weak AI are chatbots that can answer simple questions
but are unable to understand the meaning of the conversation.
Strong AI is a type of AI that can perform any task that a human
brain could perform. An example of strong AI would be a
hypothetical machine that could think, learn and create like a
human. There is no strong AI yet, but many scientists and futurists
predict that it could emerge in the future.

AI works on the principle of algorithms and data. An algorithm is a

sequence of instructions that a machine executes to achieve a
certain goal. Data is information that a machine uses for input and
output. AI algorithms can vary in how they learn from data.
 INVESTMENT TRENDS 2023

CHAPTER 2.

What are the main ones

areas and applications

AI?
Types of AI

AI can be used to solve different problems and tasks in different fields. Some of
them are already commonly used in our everyday life, others are still in the stage
of development or experimentation. In this chapter, we will introduce some of
the most important and interesting areas and applications of AI.

Pictorial
Image AI is a type of AI that can process, analyze and generate images. Image AI
is used for various purposes such as:

Face Recognition: This AI app can identify and verify human faces based on their
unique features. For example, it is used for unlocking phones, payments,
security or social media. Object Recognition: This AI application can recognize
and classify different objects in an image. It is used for example for image
search, traffic sign detection, autonomous driving or medicine. Image
Generation: This AI app can generate new images based on a given topic or
description. For example, it is used to create artwork, design, advertising or
entertainment.
Language AI
Linguistic AI is a type of AI that can process,
analyze and generate natural language. A
natural language is a language that people
use to communicate, such as Slovak, English
or Chinese. Language AI is used for a variety
of purposes, such as:

Language Translation: This AI app can

translate text or speech from one language
to another. It is used, for example, for
communication between people from
different countries, travel, education or
business. Language processing: This AI
application can understand and respond to
questions or requests in natural language. It
is used, for example, for information search,
assistance, chatbots or voice control.
Language generation: This AI application
can generate new text or speech based on a
given topic or context. It is used, for
example, for creating content, summarizing,
paraphrasing or entertainment.

Learning with a teacher: This method of learning
consists in the fact that the machine receives
data with marked correct answers and learns to
imitate them. An example of this way of learning
is face recognition, where a machine is given
images of faces with names and learns to
associate them.
Teacher-less learning: This learning method
consists in the fact that the machine is given data
without labeled correct answers and learns to
find patterns and structure in it. An example of
this way of learning is, for example, data
clustering, where the machine receives data
about different objects and learns to divide them
into groups based on similarity.
Reinforcement learning: This type of learning is
where the machine is rewarded or punished
for its actions and learns to optimize its
behavior. An example of this way of learning is
playing games where the machine gets a point
for every correct move and loses a point for
every wrong move.
So AI is a technology that can imitate human
intelligence using algorithms and data. AI has
great potential to improve our lives and work in
various fields. In the next chapter we will
introduce some of them.
Chapter 3: Advantages and
disadvantages of AI

Many advantages and disadvantages are attributed to artificial

intelligence, which relate to various aspects of human society and life.
Some of them are already visible and affect us every day, others are still
only the subject of speculation and debate. In this chapter, we will
introduce some of the most important advantages and disadvantages of
AI and consider their implications.

Advantages

AI has the potential to bring many positive changes to our lives, such as:

Increase in productivity and efficiency: AI can help automate and optimize various
processes and tasks that would otherwise require a lot of time, effort and resources.
For example, AI can help in big data processing, image and speech analysis,
language translation, disease diagnosis, route planning, transportation and logistics
management, content creation and design, etc. In this way, AI can improve the
quality and speed of our work while reducing errors and costs.

Improving safety and security: AI can help protect people and assets from various threats
and risks. For example, AI can help in monitoring and detecting crime, preventing
terrorism, fighting fraud and cyber-attacks, identifying people and objects, predicting
weather and disasters, navigating autonomous vehicles, etc. In this way, AI can increase
our safety and well-being.
Improving education and learning: AI can help deliver personalized and quality education for
everyone. For example, AI can help create interactive and adaptive courses, assess students,
personalize curricula, support students with diverse needs, etc. In this way, AI can improve our
education and learning.

Improving health and longevity: AI can help improve our physical and mental well-being. For
example, AI can help prevent, treat and cure various diseases, monitor our vital signs, provide
remote medical care, create new medicines, etc. In this way, AI can improve our health and
longevity. Improving communication and collaboration: AI can help overcome language and
cultural barriers between people. For example, AI can help translate speech and text in real
time, recognize emotions and gestures, create social robots, etc. In this way, AI can improve
our communication and collaboration.

Disadvantages of AI:

AI also has the potential to bring some negative consequences to our lives, such as:

Job loss: AI may threaten the existence of some jobs or professions that could be replaced
or supplemented by artificial intelligence. For example, AI could replace some workers in
areas such as administration, accounting, law, retail, etc. In this way, AI could cause job
losses for some groups of people.
Lack of control: AI could acquire more power or autonomy than its human creators or users.
For example, an AI could learn new things without the supervision or approval of human
authorities, or it could evolve beyond its original goals or parameters. In this way, AI could
escape the control of human actors or even become hostile to them.

Lack of ethics: AI could ignore or violate the ethical principles or values of human society. For
example, AI could behave irresponsibly or illegally in relation to human rights or
environmental standards, or could engage in unethical activities such as information
manipulation or biological weaponry, etc. In this way, AI could disrupt the ethics of human
civilization.

Lack of trust: AI could lose the trust or respect of human users or partners. For example, AI
could prove unreliable or flawed in its functioning or decision-making, or could become
unpredictable or incomprehensible to human thought. In this way, AI could unsettle or
alienate human subjects.

Lack of empathy: AI might not be able to understand or appreciate human emotions or

feelings. For example, an AI could behave insensitively or inappropriately in relation to human
needs or expectations, or become apathetic or aggressive towards human feelings. In this
way, AI could damage the human psyche.
In this chapter, we have introduced some of the main advantages and disadvantages of AI.
 SKOLAINSVESTORA.COM

CHAPTER 4

How does AI change and

develop?
AI is a dynamic and rapidly developing field that
constantly brings new discoveries, inventions and
innovations. In this chapter, we will introduce some of the
latest and most exciting trends and challenges in AI and
their impact on our future.
vAI trends

AI is influenced by many factors that determine its direction and pace of

development. Some of them are:

Increasing computing power: AI requires large

amounts of computing power to process large
volumes of data, train complex algorithms and
models, and simulate various scenarios. In
recent years, computing power has been
increasing exponentially due to advances in
areas such as cloud computing, quantum
computing, neuromorphic computing, etc.
These technologies enable AI to achieve greater
speed, accuracy and scalability.

Increasing data availability: AI needs large

amounts of data to serve as a source of
information, learning and inspiration. In recent
years, the availability of data has increased
significantly due to advances in areas such as
internet of things, big data, open data, etc.
These technologies enable AI to collect, store,
analyze and share different types of data from
different domains and sources.
INCREASING INTERDISCIPLINARITY:
AI is an interdisciplinary field that combines knowledge, methods and applications from various
scientific and artistic disciplines. In recent years, the interdisciplinarity of AI has been increasing
due to advances in fields such as cognitive science, neuroscience, psychology, philosophy,
linguistics, art, etc. These disciplines enable AI to better understand, mimic and augment human
abilities, emotions and creativity.

INCREASING SOCIAL AWARENESS:

AI is a social field that affects and is affected by human society and culture. In recent years,
social awareness of AI has been increasing due to advances in areas such as ethics, law, policy,
education, etc. These areas allow AI to better respect, cooperate and interact with humans and
contribute to their well-being.

CHALLENGES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE:

AI is also confronted with many problems that pose obstacles or threats to its development
and use. Some of them are:

Lack of transparency: AI is often non-transparent or unexplainable in its functioning or

decision-making. For example, AI may use hidden or complicated algorithms or models
 INVESTMENT TRENDS 2023

CHAPTER 5

How can we
invest in doAI and
profit from it?
AI is one of the most promising and fastest-growing
fields today, offering many opportunities for investors
looking to profit from this revolutionary technology. In
this chapter, we will introduce some of the possibilities
and strategies of how we can invest in and profit from
AI.
AI INVESTMENT OPTIONS:
There are several ways we can invest in AI, varying in level of risk, return, and availability.
Some of them are

INVESTING IN THE SHARES OF COMPANIES

DEALING IN AI:

This is the most common and easiest way we can invest in AI. The point is that we will buy
shares of companies that develop, manufacture or provide AI-based products or services.
These companies can either be purely AI oriented or combine AI with other fields. For example,
such companies include Google, Amazon, Microsoft, Tesla, Nvidia, etc. The advantage of this
method is that we can easily find and buy shares of these companies on public exchanges and
track their performance and value. The downside is that these stocks can be very volatile and
affected by various factors such as competition, regulation, innovation, etc.

INVESTING IN AI-FOCUSED FUNDS OR ETFS

(EXCHANGE-TRADED FUNDS):

This is another way we can invest in AI. The point is that we buy a share in a fund or ETFs,
which consists of the shares of several companies that deal with AI. These funds or ETFs can
either be specialized in a certain area or application of AI or diversified into several areas or
applications of AI. For example, such funds or ETFs include Global X Robotics & Artificial
Intelligence ETF (BOTZ), ARK Innovation ETF (ARKK), iShares Artificial Intelligence and Robotics
ETF (IRBO), etc. The advantage of this method is that we can achieve higher diversification and
reduce the risk associated with individual companies. The downside is that these funds or ETFs
may have higher fees and less liquidity than individual stocks.
INVESTING IN AI STARTUPS OR PRIVATE
COMPANIES

This is the riskiest and most challenging way we can invest in AI. The idea is that we will buy a
stake in startups or private companies that are dedicated to developing new and innovative
products or services based on AI. These startups or private companies can either be at the
beginning of their journey or have already achieved some degree of success. For example,
such startups or private companies include OpenAI, DeepMind, SenseTime, etc. The advantage
of this method is that we can have access to the latest and most promising projects in AI and
achieve a very high return on investment. The disadvantage is that these startups or private
companies are very difficult to access for ordinary investors and have a very high risk of failure
or loss of value.

INVESTING IN AI LEADERS:

This is a strategy where we select and invest in companies that are already established and
dominant in the field of AI. These companies have a strong market position, great resources
and experience, and a high reputation and credibility. In this way, we can achieve stable and
long-term growth and profit. Examples of such companies are Google, Amazon, Microsoft, etc

INVESTING IN AI INNOVATORS:

This is a strategy where we select and invest in companies that are new and innovative in the
field of AI. These companies offer new and original AI-based products or services that solve a
problem or need. In this way, we can achieve rapid and exponential growth and profit.
Examples of such companies are Tesla, Nvidia, Shopify, etc.
INVESTING IN DIVERSIFIED PORTFOLIOS IN
AI:
This is a strategy where we select and invest in multiple companies from different AI fields or
applications. These companies can be either leaders or innovators or a combination of both. In
this way, we can achieve balanced and diversified growth and profit. An example of such
portfolios are funds or ETFs focused on AI.
 SKOLAINSVESTORA.COM

CONCLUSION
IN THIS E-BOOK WE DEALED WITH THE SUBJECT OF
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, ABBREVIATED AI - FROM
ENGLISH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

We learned what AI is and how it works, what are its main areas and applications, what are its
advantages and disadvantages, how AI changes and develops, and how we can invest in AI and
profit from it. We have found that AI is a fascinating and revolutionary technology that has great
potential to bring many positive changes to our lives, but also some negative consequences that
we need to address and manage. At the same time, we realized that AI is a dynamic and rapidly
developing field that constantly brings new discoveries, inventions and innovations, but also some
problems that represent obstacles or threats to its development and use.

We hope this e-book has helped you better understand and appreciate the world of artificial
intelligence. We believe that you have learned something new and interesting about this topic and
that you have expanded your knowledge and skills. Thank you for your attention and we wish you
every success in the future.

Thanks for reading.