Fluid

Fluid:
Fluid is substance (it may be liquid, or gas)
that can continually deforms(flows) under an
applied shear stress.
Basic properties of the fluid:
Temperature, pressure, mass, specific volume
and density.
Why fluid flows:
Fluid particles are not rigidly attached to one
another. So If we apply a force on it, it will
continually deform that is called flows
Equation of Continuity

𝐴𝐴1 𝑉𝑉1 = 𝐴𝐴2 𝑉𝑉2

𝑅𝑅𝑣𝑣 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = Constant

Volume flow rate

𝑅𝑅𝑚𝑚 = 𝜌𝜌𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = Constant

Mass flow rate
1. The figure shows a pipe and gives the volume
flow rate (in 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐3 /𝑠𝑠) and the direction of flow for
all but one section. What are the volume flow rate
and the direction of flow for that section?
2. Here the indicated cross-sectional areas are
𝐴𝐴0 = 1.2 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐2 and 𝐴𝐴 = 0.35 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐2 . The two levels are
separated by a vertical distance ℎ = 45 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚. What is the
volume flow rate from the tap?
 Bernoulli’s Equation

1 1
𝑝𝑝1 + 𝜌𝜌𝑣𝑣1 + 𝜌𝜌𝑔𝑔𝑦𝑦1 = 𝑝𝑝2 + 𝜌𝜌𝑣𝑣2 2 + 𝜌𝜌𝑔𝑔𝑦𝑦2
2
2 2
 Archimedes Principle

When a body is completely or partially immersed

in a fluid, the fluid exerts an upward force on the
body equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by
the body
Prob-1:
Prob-2:
3. A block of wood has a mass of 3.67 kg and a density of
600 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘⁄𝑚𝑚3 . It is to be loaded with lead on top or at
bottom of the block so that it will float in water with
90% of its volume submerged. 𝜌𝜌𝐿𝐿 = 1.14 ×
104 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘⁄𝑚𝑚3 and 𝜌𝜌𝑤𝑤 = 1.00 × 103 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘⁄𝑚𝑚3 . Calculate:

(a)The magnitude of buoyant force on the wood block.

(b)The mass of the lead that is attached on the top of the
wood block.
(c)The volume of the lead if it is attached at the bottom
of the wood block.
4. A block floats in sea water with 5.63 cm of the side of the block
submerged. When the block is placed in ordinary water
( 𝜌𝜌𝑤𝑤 = 1 × 103 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/𝑚𝑚3 ), it also floats but with 5.8 cm
submerged.

(a) Calculate the density of the sea water.

(b) If the height of the box is 7.25 cm, width and length of the
block are 3.5 cm and 4.6 cm respectively calculate the density of
the block’s material.
(c) If the block is held fully submerged in the regular water by a
string what would be the tension in the string?
(d) If the string is the cut, at what acceleration does the block
move upward?
5. A 5.00 kg object is released from rest
while fully submerged in a liquid. The liquid
displaced by the submerged object has a
mass of 3.00 kg. How far and in what
direction does the object move in 0.200 s,
assuming that it moves freely and that the
drag force on it from the liquid is negligible?
6. A block of wood floats in fresh water
with two-thirds of its volume V submerged
and in oil with 0.90V submerged. Find the
density of (a) the wood and (b) the oil.