PRACTICE 6.

Divide the following verbs of transition into three groups, those

whose meaning has a focus on manner, a focus on path, or a

focus on cause or purpose.

flee
jump

march

migrate
run

soar

trot

walk

Answer:

Focus on manner: jump, soar, trot

Focus on path: march, walk

Focus on cause or purpose: flee, migrate, run

PRACTICE. 6.2
Tell the role structure for each of these verbs:

approach attach connect detach disconnect eject liberate release withdraw

Does any of them have variable valency—express transition and transfer? What special
semantic features do these verbs have?

Answer:

Approach: The agent approaches the target.

Attach: The agent attaches the theme to the goal.

Connect: The agent connects the theme to the goal.

Detach: The agent detaches the theme from the goal.

Disconnect: The agent disconnects the theme from the goal.

Eject: The agent ejects the theme from the source.

Liberate: The agent liberates the theme from the source.

Release: The agent releases the theme from the source.

Withdraw: The agent withdraws the theme from the source.

These verbs typically have variable valency, expressing transition and transfer with different
syntactic structures based on the number of arguments involved. Special semantic features
include actions like attaching, connecting, detaching, liberating, and withdrawing, each
describing a specific type of movement or change in state.

PRACTICE. 7.4
Which of the following are countable nouns and which are non-countable? Do any belong to
both categories?
beer

glue

copper

livestock
dust

piano
equipment

wire

Answer:

Countable nouns: livestock, piano, wire

Non-countable nouns: beer, glue, dust, equipment, copper

This nouns can be used both as countable and uncountable nouns depending on the context.
PRACTICE. 7.5

Which of the underlined expressions have specific reference and which do not?
1. Somebody telephoned and left a message for you.
2. I hope somebody will tidy up this file cabinet.
3. The last person to leave the office should lock the door.
4. A stitch in time saves nine.
5. Evans sometimes forgets to keep his eye on the ball.

Answer:

The expressions that have specific reference are:

1) Somebody telephoned and left a message for you.

3) The last person to leave the office should lock the door.

5) Evans sometimes forgets to keep his eye on the ball.

The expressions that do not have specific reference are:

2) I hope somebody will tidy up this file cabinet.

4) A stitch in time saves nine.