Himanshu chaurasia

A Project Report
submitted to

CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION

for the classes of

SENIOR SECONDARY
in physics

2023-2024
MOHIT KUMAR
under the supervision of

Dr. NAND KISHOR

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

SPM S(Coed) V CR PARK

CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDRAY EDUCATION
NEW DELHI

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Himanshu chaurasia

DEDICATED TO MY
LOVING PARENTS

Mrs. RUKMANI and

Mr. DILEEP KUMAR

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 FORWARDED AND
RECOMENDED

BY Mr.Quayamuddin
Head of School
Department of Education
SPM S(COED)V CR PARK
NEW DELHI
CENTRAL BOARD OF
SECONDRAYEDUCATION

NEW DELHI

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 Declaration

31st July 2023

I Mohit Kumar declare that work done in the present project entitled
“ELECTROMAGNET” has been done thoroughly by me and not copied and
taken from any other information related to this field. The related
information is used only to review the advancement and benefit of the
research in this field and has not been submitted for any other degree. If any
plagiarism is found in this work than I shall be totally responsible for it.

MOHIT KUMAR

Roll No. 28

S/o Mr. Dileep Kumar

Address: 5\474 Dakshinpuri, New Delhi-62

Mobile no. 8586030641

Email:- mohitkumar25377@gmail.com

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 Acknowledgements
I would like to express my deepest gratitude to our respected physics
teacher Dr. NAND KISHOR without whom our project would be
incomplete. I really appreciate his patience in guiding me through the
process of completing this physics project.

I also express my sincere thanks to the CBSE board for giving me this
wonderful golden opportunity.

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my parents & family

members for supporting me financially and mentally while doing this
project.

Lastly, I am also thankful to my friends, well-wishers and close ones who

have directly or indirectly helped me in this project work.

Date Mohit Kumar

31th July 2023 th.
12 (PCM)

Session :2023-2024

SPM S (Coed) V CR PARK NEW DELHI

1925060

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 Certificate
This is to certify that Mohit Kumar has worked for the degree of
12th Science in PCM Session 2023-2024 under my supervision.
The work reported in the present project entitled Electromagnet
has been done by the candidate herself, and has not been submitted
elsewhere for any other degree

Date :

Dr NAND KISHOR External sign

(supervisor)

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 CONTENT

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 ELECTROMAGNET
• A magnet that is powered by electricity is known as
an Electromagnet. The electromagnetic strength can be
adjusted by modifying the electric current flowing
current flow is interrupted.
• An electromagnet is a device that consists of a magnetic
core encircled by a coil through which an electric current
is carried to magnetise the core. Magnets attract other
magnets and magnetic materials towards them.
• The relation between electricity and magnetism was a
subject of study for various scientists like Micheal
Faraday and Hans Oersted. James Maxwell, in 1873,
observed that when current is passed through a wire, a
magnetic field is generated around the wire. This became
the basis for the development of Electromagnet

• An Electromagnet is a type of Magnets in which the

magnetic field is produced by an electric current.
Electromagnets usually consist of wire wound into a coil
connected to battery or cell.
• A current through the wire creates a magnetic field which
is concentrated in the hole in the center of the coil

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 Type of Electromagnet

There is mainly three type of electromagnet :

1. Resistant:

This type of magnet produces the magnetic field with

copper wires. When copper wire twisted around a piece of iron and an
electric current passes through the copper wire, the magnetic field
generates. Increasing the twists of copper wires the stronger the field.

2. Superconductor magnets:

Superconductive metal has zero

resistance to the current flowing through it. The superconductor
magnets are made using the same principle. These electromagnets
use liquid nitrogen or liquid helium to bring down the temperature
of the copper coil. The low temperature keeps the copper atoms
away from the flow of current and gives the strong magnetic field.
These electromagnets keep working even after the blockage of
current.

3. Hybrid electromagnets:

These magnets are the combination of above

two types of electromagnets, resistant and superconductor
electromagnets.

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 Working and Construction of

Electromagnet

Construction:

In a simple arrangement, requires an insulated copper wire, iron rod

and battery. Electromagnets are easy to make. Take some meters of
insulated copper wire and wrap it around the iron or steel core. When
an electric current passes through it the iron core becomes magnetized.
A solenoid is the iron rod, which is wrapped up with insulated copper
wire.

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WORKING
The strength of the magnetic field is proportional to the number
made
of around the iron core and how tightly they are wrapped
turns
around. Before the passage of current through the iron rod,
atoms of the iron rod are randomly packed. When current is
passed, they start to rearrange themselves in the direction of
the magnetic field generated. Once arranged in the same
direction the magnetic field starts to grow.
while increasing the amount of current, the magnetic field grows rapidly
and reaches to maximum strength. After reaching the maximum
strength, an increase in the electric field does not result in increased
magnetism. By stopping the current, the magnetic field becomes zero
and the atoms which aligned earlier return to its natural random state.

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PROPERTIES OF
ELECTROMAGNET

There are some specific properties which are shown by

Electromagnet :-

Electromagnets are made of soft iron cores.

Electromagnets are temporary in nature.
The polarity of an electromagnet can be reversed.
The strength of the magnetic field is changeable by
changing :-
The amount of current flowing through the
electromagnetic coil. A larger amount of current will
produce a stronger magnetic field.
The presence of a core. A soft iron core can get
magnetized and can increase the strength of the
magnetic field.
The number of turns in the coil. Greater the number of
wounds or turns, stronger will be the magnetic field.

Electromagnets can easily be demagnetized by

switching off the current.

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ELECTROMAGNET AND ELECTROMAGNETISM

Electromagnet work on one of the 4 fundamental force of universe

electromagnetism(or electromagnetic force)
Electromagnetic forces occur between any two charged particles,
causing an attraction between particles with opposite charges and
repulsion between particles with the same charge, while
magnetism is an interaction that occurs exclusively between
charged particles in relative motion
• It is the dominant force in the interactions of atoms and molecules.
Electromagnetism can be thought of as a combination
of electrostatics and magnetism, two distinct but closely intertwined
phenomena.

In easy and simplest way:

The phenomenon by which magnetism is produced

by the effect of electric current is called
Electromagnetism.

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Advantages and Disadvantages of
Electromagnets

Advantages:
• A magnet is very useful when poles need to change and magnetic
fields need to be interrupted. Electromagnets are used effectively in
magnetic separators. By magnetizing scrap metal, it attracts scrap iron
from a pile, and when the current is stopped, it drops the scrap at
another location.

• To get iron scrap, we use a magnetic separator. Another advantage of

electromagnets is their affordability and ease of construction. Their
lightweight design avoids damaging the electromagnet's test piece.
The use of electromagnets daily is diverse.

• Large cranes used in waste yards, for instance, use electromagnets.

Electronic and electromechanical devices also use electromagnets.

Disadvantages:
• A Disadvantage of electromagnets is that they heat up very quickly,
which results in a very high loss of energy.

• Maintaining a constant magnetic field is essential for a continuous

power supply. Coils of copper wire are required to generate a strong
magnetic field, which requires large amounts of space. Small spaces are
not suitable for electromagnets. Because electromagnets generate
magnetic fields, short-circuits can damage them and cause serious
harm to operators.

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 Application Of Electromagnet

List of the things that take help of electromagnet

to work :
Electric motors:- Electromagnets are used in electric motors
to create rotational motion. An electric current is passed through a
coil of wire to create a magnetic field, which then interacts with a
permanent magnet to generate movement.

Electric bell-: An electric bell uses electromagnets to produce

sound. When an electric current is applied to the bell, it creates a
magnetic field that pulls a metal striker against a resonant gong,
producing a ringing sound.

Electric doorbell:- An electric doorbell operates in a similar

way to an electric bell, using an electromagnet to produce a
ringing sound when a button is pressed.

Electric door lock:- Electromagnets are used in electric

door locks to secure doors. When the correct combination or key
is used to activate the lock, an electromagnet is energized,
allowing the lock to be opened.

Electric meter:- An electric meter uses electromagnets to

measure the amount of electricity used in a home or business. A
spinning magnet in the meter is turned by the flow of electricity,
and the meter records the number of revolutions, which is used to
calculate the electricity usage.

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Electric stove:- An electric stove uses electromagnets to
heat pots and pans. When an electric current is passed through a
coil of wire, it creates a magnetic field that generates heat, which
is then transferred to the pot or pan.

Electric oven:-- An electric oven uses electromagnets to

generate heat for cooking. The oven has heating elements, which
are made of a special type of wire that produces a magnetic field
when an electric current is passed through it.

Electric refrigerator-: An electric refrigerator uses

electromagnets to create a cooling effect. A compressor in the
fridge pumps a special refrigerant through a series of coils, which
creates a magnetic field that absorbs heat from the air inside the
fridge.

Electric iron:- An electric iron uses electromagnets to

generate heat for pressing clothes. The iron has a heating
element, which is made of a special type of wire that produces a
magnetic field when an electric current is passed through it.

Electric toaster-: An electric toaster uses electromagnets to

generate heat for toasting bread. The toaster has heating
elements, which are made of a special type of wire that produces
a magnetic field when an electric current is passed through it.

Electric hair dryer:- An electric hair dryer uses

electromagnets to generate heat and air flow for drying hair. The
dryer has a heating element, which is made of a special type of
wire that produces a magnetic field when an electric current is
passed through it.

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Electric razor:- An electric razor uses electromagnets to
power the motor that drives the blades. The motor has a coil of
wire that produces a magnetic field when an electric current is
passed through it, which then interacts with a permanent magnet
to generate movement.

Electric toothbrush:- An electric toothbrush uses

electromagnets to power the motor that drives the brushing
action. The motor has a coil of wire that produces a magnetic field
when an electric current is passed through it, which then interacts
with a permanent magnet to generate movement.

Electric can opener:- An electric can opener uses

electromagnets to power the motor that drives the can opener
mechanism. The motor has a coil of wire that produces a
magnetic field when an electric current is passed through it, which
then interacts with a permanent magnet to generate movement.

Electric blender:- An electric blender uses electromagnets

to power the motor that drives the blending action. The motor has
a coil of wire that produces a magnetic field when an electric
current is passed through it, which then interacts with a
permanent magnet to generate movement. As the motor turns, it
drives the blades of the blender, which chop and mix the contents
of the blender.

MRI Machines , Loudspeakers , Headphones , Lifting

Magnets , Tape Recorder, VCR’s ,

Hard Disk

And So On…………

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An Electromagnet is a type of Magnets in which the magnetic field is
produced by an electric current.
There is 3 type of electromagnet.
a. resistive b. super conductive c. hybrid
Simple electromagnet is made up of insulated copper wire, iron
rod and battery.
In electromagnet if we stop the current, the magnetic field becomes
zero and the atoms which aligned earlier return to its natural
random state.

They are/can :- a . Temporary in nature

b. Change their poles

c. Change strength magnetic field through it

d. Demagnetizes easily

Electromagnet work on one of the 4 fundamental force of universe

electromagnetism

There is great difference between permanent magnet and

electromagnet

There are basic advantages and disadvantages of electromagnets

We use huge amount of appliances made from electromagnet in

our daily life

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Bibliography
• Class 12 NCERT
• Class 10 NCERT

• www.wikipedia.com
• www.toper.com

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