L 2 Eee301 Timedomainlti Mak

Course: EEE301
Signals and Linear Systems

Lecture-2: Time Domain LTI systems
Ref. Books:
1. Continuous and Discrete Signals and Systems- S.S.Soliman, M.D. Srinath

2. Signal Processing and Linear Systems- B.P. Lathi
3. Analysis of Linear Systems- David K. Cheng
4. Signals and Systems- Simon Haykin, Barry Van Veen
5. Linear Circuit Analysis:Time Domain, Phasor, and Laplace Transform Approaches-
Raymond A. DeCarlo , Pen-Min Lin
Course Teacher--
Dr. Mohammad Asaduzzaman KHAN,
Room # 305.
Department of EEE, BSMRSTU,
arzu1013@hotmail.com.
Content
EEE301 Signals and Linear Systems: Prerequisite EEE101, MAT 257
3 Credits, 3 hours/week
Classification of Signal and Systems:
Signals- classification, basic operation on signals, elementary signals, representation of signal using impulse function; systems-
classification.
Properties of Linear Time Invariant (LTI) Systems:
Linearity, causality, time invariance, memory, stability, invertibility.
Time Domain Analysis of LTI Systems:
Differential equations- system representation, order of the system, solution techniques, zero state and zero input response, System
properties: impulse response – convolution integral, determination of system properties; state variable- basic concept, static equation
and time domain solution.
Frequency Domain Analysis of LTI Systems:
Fourier series- properties, harmonic representation, system response, frequency response of LTI systems; Fourier transformation-
properties, system transfer function, system response and distortion less systems.
Applications of Time and Frequency Domain Analysis:
Solution of analog electrical and mechanical systems, amplitude modulation and demodulation, time-division and frequency-division
multiplexing.
Laplace Transformation: Properties, inverse transform, solution of system equations, system transfer function, system stability and
frequency response and application.
Analogous Systems:
Electrical, mechanical and electro-mechanical systems. 2
Causal and Non-Causal System
• A system is said to be causal, if its response is dependent upon present
and past input. And doesn’t depends upon future input.
• For non-causal system, the output response depends on future input.
• Examples:---
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Causal and Non-Causal System Examples
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Causal and Non-Causal System Examples
• All are present value so CAUSAL system

• t=0, y(0)=x(0)—mean only present value and no past or
future value so in this case we cannot decide about causal or
non causal. Therefore , we take t=1, x(1) as origin and then
put t=2, 3, so on and found future value and present
+future=non-causal. 5
Causal and Non-Causal System
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Causal and Non-Causal System --Graphical
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Examples:
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Time-domain analysis of LTIC systems
Radio Communication:
Representation of LTIC systems
For a linear CT system, the relationship between the applied input x(t ) and output y(t ) can be
described using a linear differential equation of the following form:
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Time-domain analysis of LTIC systems-Impulse Response
Response curve
after impulse
2nd strike with more force input

Just at strike time the Shifted impulse function is multiplied
amplitude maximum with input x(t), here let, t=tau
then slide the box Arbitrary input
and amplitude going
to zero.
output
input 31
Time-domain analysis of LTIC systems-Impulse Response
Input changes to shifted

Output of all input
input impulse response
impulse response
Output is from – infinite to infinite
Output signal
Input signal
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P-75, Soliman book
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y(t)=x(t)*h(t-ζ)=(e^-ζ)(e^-2(t-ζ))=(e^- ζ)(e^(-2t))(e^2ζ)=e^(-2t+ ζ)
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Time-domain analysis of LTIC systems-at a glance
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input impulse Four steps of the convolution
2. Time shifting.
Two types
shifting
Examples:
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No overlapping
so y(t)=0
impulse input
t-0=
Condition for case 3
Overlap area is one.

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Overall convolution results
No overlap so output y(t)=0
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Impulse Response—system properties
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Go to Slide no--9
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Page—130 of
others book by
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State-Variable Representation
Definition of System State: The concept of the state
of a dynamic system refers to a minimum set of
variables, known as state variables, that fully
describe the system and its response to any given
set of inputs. In particular a state-determined
system model has the characteristic that:
“”A mathematical description of the system in
terms of a minimum set of variables xi(t), i = 1,...,n,
together with knowledge of those variables at an
initial time t0 and the system inputs for time t ≥ t0,
are sufficient to predict the future system state and
outputs for all time t>t0””.
This definition asserts that the dynamic behavior of
a state-determined system is completely
characterized by the response of the set of n
variables xi(t), where the number n is defined to be
the order of the system.
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State-Equations
A state variable is one of the

set of variables that are used to
describe the mathematical
"state" of a dynamical system.
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State-Equations
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State-Equations
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State-Equations
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State-Equations
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State-Equations
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State-Equations
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State-Equations
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State-Equations Transformation from Classical Form to State-Space
Representation
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Representation
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Representation
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Representation
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State-Equations Another example: Transformation from Classical Form to State-
Space Representation
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Representation
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Representation
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Representation
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Representation
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Representation
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State-Equations—(p-77—by book Soliman)
Assumption From the fig.
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State-Equations—(p-77—by book Soliman)
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State-Equations
By taking loop
output Two variables:
1. current as i=v2,
2. Voltage across capacitor is v1
#instantaneous current
through capacitor, i=Cdv/dt,
here, i=v2 so v2=Cdv/dt.
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Time-Domain solution of State Equations
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Thus
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Representation
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Representation
Order 2, so two variables X1 and X2.
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Example-2.6.2
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State Equations—Cayley-Hamilton Theorem
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Example-2.6.4
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Ex-2.6.5
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State
Ex-2.6.6
Equations—Cayley-Hamilton Theorem
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State-Equations in First Canonical Form
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State-Equations in First Canonical Form
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State-Equations in First Canonical Form examples
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State-Equations in 2nd Canonical Form
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Assignment#2—submission
Radio Communication: date: One Week
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END
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Course: EEE301

Signals and Linear Systems

1. Continuous and Discrete Signals and Systems- S.S.Soliman, M.D. Srinath

• All are present value so CAUSAL system

2nd strike with more force input

Input changes to shifted

Output is from – infinite to infinite

P-75, Soliman book

Condition for case 3

Overlap area is one.

No overlap so output y(t)=0

A state variable is one of the

Assumption From the fig.

Order 2, so two variables X1 and X2.

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