UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR

MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL AND BIOENGINEERING

TECHNOLOGY
CHEMISTRY 1 : LABORATORY REPORT SHEET

Lecture Name: DR RUZAINAH

Title of Experiment: Synthesis and Characterization of Alkane, Alkene, and

Alkyne
(Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbon)
Group Number: 5 Section:

Date of Experiment: 8 November Date of Submission: 15 November

2023 2023

Name & ID No : 1.RACHMAD ADI KURNIAWAN

2.FAIZ
3.
4.

EXPERIMENT 1 Synthesis and Characterization of Alkane, Alkene and Alkyne Page | 1

 1.0 Introduction : (Write the background/theory of the experiment)

Saturated Aliphatic Hydrocarbon

Alkane

Methane is first member of the family of hydrocarbons. It can be prepared in the laboratory by
the reduction of any halogenated derivatives of alkane. This type of reaction involves the
replacement of one or more atoms of halogen. The generalized scheme is:

RX - reduction HX

The chemical properties of methane are characteristic of the alkanes as groups. A convenient
test for alkanes which distinguishes them from unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons consist of
treatment with bromine in carbon tetrachloride. If it is an alkane; almost no reaction
occurs in the dark. In bright artificial light or in sunlight, the bromine colour is gradually
discharged as the substitution reaction proceeds and hydrogen bromide (HBr) is evolved.

To test for HBr, blow you breath gently across the mouth of the reaction tube. HBr, if present,
will dissolve in the moisture of your breath to form a cloud of droplets.
Unsaturated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons have one or more multiple (double or triple)
carbon-carbon
bonds per molecule.

Alkenes

The distinguishing feature of the alkene hydrocarbons is the carbon-carbon double bond. The synthesis of alkene can be
accomplished by elimination of atoms or groups from two adjacent carbon atoms. The production of 2- methyl -2- butane
from t – amyl alcohol is an example of the acid catalysed dehydration of alcohols

Two tests can be carried for an alkene i.e:

a. Bromine, dissolved in carbon tetrachloride, adds rapidly to alkenes at room tempreture to form dibromides

b. Baeyer Test. Alkenes react with neutral permanganate solution to form glycol

2.0 Objectives:

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 1. To synthesize methane, ethene and ethyne
2. To characterize the prepared methane, ethene, and ethyne

3.0 Summary

The purpose of the experiment was to synthesize methane, ethane and ethyne plus to characterize the
prepared methane, ethane and ethyne. There are two experiment which was Part A and Part B. For
part A, preparation with methane by reduction of chloroform, preparation of ethane and preparation of
ethyne. The Part B was experiment to test characterization for methane, ethane and ethyne. The part
A is collected methane gas with test tube, required to use zinc dust to maintain boiling from
aggressive condition and to increase reactivity with water that contain ethanol. For ethane part, there a
dehydration reaction was involved aluminium oxide as drying reagent. While, preparation of ethyne
need to use calcium dicarbide. The calcium dicarbide does react vigorously with water and create
formation of ethyne. The part B experiment was characterization of methane which divided five set of
test tube. Set 1B, Set 2B and Set 2C have positive result but for Set 1A did not have result. It could
probably error when doing experimental or did not follow the theory. For characterization of ethene,
Set 1A, Set 2A and Set 2B have no any change while other have positive result. Last, for the
characterization of ethyne have some positive result of colour changing but for Set 1A and Set 1B
have no reaction which could be error happened. Overall, if there a error happened in this experiment
may have error during conducting the experiment and require some recommendation should be done
to obtain the correct result for the next experiment so the objective of conducting the experiment can
be achieved.

4.0 Material List

Chemicals

 10 g zinc dust
 60 ml ethanol
 5 ml chloroform
 1 g Aluminium oxide
 3 small pieces of calcium dicarbide
 6 ml Tetrachloride
 1 ml Acidified potassium permanganate
 6 ml Alkaline potassium permanganate
 Rocksil woo

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5.0 Methodology for experiments

Part A (Preparation of Methane by reduction of chloroform)

1. Add 10 g of zinc dust into a 50 ml round- bottomed flask mounted in ring stand.
2. Add 10 ml of ethanol and 10 ml of water.
3. Fit the flask with a rubber stopper and delivery tube for collection of the gas over water.
4. Add to the mixture 5 ml of chloroform and 1 ml of 10% copper sulfate solution.
5. The reaction may require several minutes to start. If it becomes too rapid, cool the flask in a pan of cold water.
6. After the air flask has been displaced, collect (over water) at least 6 test tubes of methane by keeping the bottles
(or test tubes) inverted over the water.

Preparation of Ethene

1. Place Rocksil wool at the bottom of test tube. Drop 8-10 drop of ethanol until the rocksil wool has been soaked up
with ethanol.
2. Place about 1 g of aluminium oxide halfway along the tube.
3. Fit a cork and delivery tube to test tube and heat aluminium oxide with a gentle flame.
4. Collect at least 6 test tubes of ethene by displacement of water.

Preparation of Ethyne

1. Place 2 or 3 small pieces of calcium dicarbide in the test tube and arrange the apparatus for collection of ethyne.
2. Add 2 or 3 drops of water at a time.
3. Collect at least 6 test tubes of ethyne by displacement of water.

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 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL AND BIOENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGY
CHEMISTRY 1 : LABORATORY REPORT SHEET
Student Name

4.0 Result and Discussion

Experimental Result:

RESULT

Observation

No TEST Methane Ethene Ethyne

1 SET 1A

Tubes left in darkness No reaction No reaction No reaction

2 SET 1B

Tubes left in a bright light Second blow the cork for 2 times First blow the No reaction
cork for 1 time

3 SET 1A & B
The second First Last
Blowing across the mouth of each of
the test tubes Blow the cork for 2 times Blow the cork for Blow the cork 1
2 times time

4 SET 2 A

2ml of 0.3% potassium Still purple A little bit

permanganate solution a little bit orange colour colour brownish colour

5 SET 2B

1 ml Alkaline potassium Still purple colour Still purple A little bit brown
permanganate colour colour

6 SET 2 C
2ml Acidified potassium Light purple colour Red colour Dark purple
permanganate solution colour

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 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL AND BIOENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGY
CHEMISTRY 1 : LABORATORY REPORT SHEET
Student Name

Discussion: (Discuss the experimental results and relate to the theory and objectives of the experiment)

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 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR
MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL AND BIOENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGY
CHEMISTRY 1 : LABORATORY REPORT SHEET
Student Name

5.0 Conclusions (Write the summary about the overall experiment including the results)

Post-Lab Questions

1. What do ‘saturated’ and ‘unsaturated’ mean when applied to hydrocarbons? Give examples of a
saturated hydrocarbon and an unsaturated hydrocarbon.

2. Give five (5) sources of methane.

3. Describe reactions that are characteristics of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes.

4. Write a balanced equation for the reaction which methane was obtained by the reduction of chloroform

5. Provide 2 (TWO) other methods of collecting gas that can be used in this experiement

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