General Pathology (MED2004), Tutorial 1 2022/23 T1

Tutorial 1– Cell adaptation, injury and death

Review questions:

1. Give example of conditions that may cause atrophy, hypertrophy and metaplasia.

2. Compare and contrast the two cell death, necrosis and apoptosis, in terms of cause, the
morphologic change of cell and the pattern of removal of damaged cell.

3. Match each of the following conditions with their associated phrase below

a. Coagulative necrosis I. Seen in connective tissue in autoimmunity

b. Liquefactive necrosis II. Tuberculosis infection
c. Fat necrosis III. Ischemia in most solid body organs
d. Caseous necrosis IV. A region of female breast after trauma
e. Gangrenous necrosis V. A region brain tissue after prolonged anoxia
f. Fibrinoid necrosis VI. Seen in the toes of a diabetic

4. Cellular swelling and accumulation of fat are likely to be examples of (reversible? Irreversible?)
cellular injury.

5. Circle the correct answer within the statement.

Hypoxia (increase? decrease?) the activities of Na+ pump, thus excessive (Na+? K+?) builds up
in cells; this also affects osmosis of water, so that cells (shrink? swell?) dramatically.
 General Pathology (MED2004), Tutorial 1 2022/23 T1

Metaplasia: an adaptive change (after the stress is removed, the cell can return to normal) However,
cancer cell is an abnormal type of cell, which cannot return to normal even though the stress is
removed. (Hence cancer is NOT metaplasia)

Apoptosis: under the control of DNA

Necrosis: uncontrollable, out of control

Hypertension is NOT reversible (it is a disease, a permanent change to the cells and tissues)