Part 2

Speed

It is the distance travelled by a body in unit time.

Speed is a scalar quantity as it has no direction.

𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒅
Speed =
𝑻𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒕𝒂𝒌𝒆𝒏

SI unit of speed is m/s

Other units of speed are km/h and cm/s

𝟓
1 km/h = 𝟏𝟖 m/s

If the motion of a body is non-uniform, then we will measure its average

speed.
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒅
Average speed = 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒕𝒂𝒌𝒆𝒏

Velocity (speed with direction)

It is the rate of change of displacement of a body. Velocity is the distance

travelled by a body in a particular direction in unit time.

𝑫𝒊𝒔𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕
Velocity =
𝑻𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒕𝒂𝒌𝒆𝒏

Velocity is a vector quantity as it has direction. The SI unit of velocity is m/s.

If an object travels in a straight line with constant speed, then the velocity of
the body is uniform. A body has non-uniform velocity if either its speed or
direction changes.

If the velocity of a body changes (increase or decrease) uniformly then we can

measure its average velocity as,

𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒖 𝒗

Average velocity = =
𝟐 𝟐
Acceleration

It is the change in velocity of an object per unit time. Acceleration is the rate of
change of velocity. If the velocity of an object changes from an initial velocity
(u) to a final velocity (v) then the acceleration is,

𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚
acceleration =
𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒕𝒂𝒌𝒆𝒏

𝒗 𝒖
a=
𝒕

SI unit of acceleration is m/s2. Acceleration is a vector quantity.

 Zero acceleration (when velocity does not change or uniform velocity)

Eg: a car moving with a constant velocity of 60 km/h

 Positive acceleration (when velocity increases)

Eg: an object falling towards earth

 Negative acceleration/retardation (when velocity decreases)

Eg: an object thrown upwards