See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/287331783

COMMUNITY PROJECT- DRAINAGE CONSTRUCTION, WASTE DISPOSAL

AWARENESS AND MANAGEMENT IN ILAJE-BARIGA

Article · August 2015

CITATIONS READS

0 5,043

1 author:

Abiodun J Akinade
Teesside University
10 PUBLICATIONS 1 CITATION

SEE PROFILE

All content following this page was uploaded by Abiodun J Akinade on 06 February 2023.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

1344718 Strategic Management and Commissioning

TASK TWO:

PROJECT TITLE: DRAINAGE CONSTRUCTION, WASTE

DISPOSAL AWARENESS AND

MANAGEMENT IN ILAJE-BARIGA

PROJECT DURATION: 2016 - 2019

STAKEHOLDERS: Lagos State Ministry of Environment, Lagos

Metropolitan Development and Governance

Project (LMDGP), Bariga Local Government

Council and Community Leaders.

PROPOSED BUDGET: N 50 million (Nigerian Naira)

1344718 Strategic Management and Commissioning

Background to Public Health Concern

Environmental disasters are now becoming frequent phenomenon globally, from Mexico to

China, United State of America, Indonesia, United Kingdom and Nigeria. This shows that the

environment is creating a serious threat to the world (Aderogba et al., 2012). Floods are one of

the environmental disasters that are of the world major concern because of its devastating

impacts on human’s life and properties.

Floods are natural occurrence caused basically by natural events (Olajide and Lawanson,

2014). The primary cause of death from natural disasters globally are floods and were

responsible for about 6.8 million deaths in the past 20th century (Doocy et al., 2013; Wahab et

al., 2014). Floods have posed great threat to the lives and properties of human being across the

globe (Wahab et al., 2014).

Although, flood is a natural occurrence which may occur as a result of heavy rainfall, land

topography and lagoon or river overflow; however, floods incidence and it’s attributed dangers

to natural, physical and social economic environments have been exacerbated by the activities

of human. Human activities like waste disposal in the drainages and lagoon or river, wetland

sand filling, deforestation, poor planning, greenhouse gas emission, poorly designed

infrastructure and improper development (Olajide and Lawanson, 2014).

Over the last 30 years, there have been increases in the number of affected people by frequent

floods events (World Economic Forum, 2010; Wahab et al., 2014). According to Aderogba

(2012), the cost of loss to floods is about N102 million in Lagos metropolises between 2010

and 2012. The floods ranking done by Hallegatte et al., (2013) showed that there are top 20

cities having great challenges of flood losses in the world and Lagos was ranked 15th.
1344718 Strategic Management and Commissioning

Summary of the Community Assessment due to Floods

The community assessment done made us to understand that this community is located in the

lagoon area, is overpopulated, have limited assets and resources, building and infrastructures

are raised indiscriminately and of low standards, they are of low income levels and education,

lack basic health care facilities and have many public health concerns of which floods takes

the lead.

The rapid increase in the development of Lagos because of the influx of people into the city

has led to the congestion in the provided housing causing people to move to the slum areas like

Ilaje-bariga. Since people must have accommodation, many ways of informal measures are

used to build houses (Olokesusi, 2011). This has led to noncompliance to urban planning

policies, building along drainage channels and wetland sand filling causing disturbance to the

free flow of run-off and water during and after rainfall resulting to flooding and it impacts

explained earlier in the community assessment.

Problem Statement and Rationale

Floods are major concern in Ilaje-Bariga community. Ilaje-Bariga is one of the notorious dark

spots and ghettoes in Lagos with sprawling slum located by the lagoon in the area of Bariga

metropolis. Good quality urban infrastructural provision is requisite for reducing flooding risk

in the community area. Many residents in this community live in environmental degraded

conditions and lack basic services and infrastructures such as electricity, water supply, roads,

solid waste disposal, storm-water drainage, quality housing and sanitation (Adelekan, 2010).

The road and the drainage system in the community are poorly maintained. There are

challenges of storm-water management as a result of insufficient drainage channels,

indiscriminate dumping of solid waste around the community and in the drainage

channels/canals due to no provision of solid waste collection and siltation of the existing
1344718 Strategic Management and Commissioning

channels. Although some street in the community have gutters, however, the gutters are not

covered and are always full of solid waste and also the flow capacities of the gutters are so

small to hold the amount of storm-water that may be generated during heavy rainfall.

From the community assessments done in the part one of this assignment and also the

assessment of conditions and facilities in Ilaje-Bariga conducted by LMDGP in 2006 and LVI.

It was evidence that the provision of drainage and waste management are of major priorities of

the community needs.

Project Description

This project is a community based intervention to reduce floods disaster in Ilaje-Bariga

community, with other benefits such as promoting healthy life style and community

development. This project is targeting at addressing the concern of floods and its disasters to

life and properties of the whole community and also promoting good sanitation practises among

the community.

Aim: To reduce the incidence of floods disaster in Ilaje-Bariga community through drainages

construction, waste disposal awareness and waste management by the year 2019.

Objectives:

 To unblocked drainage by removing waste to allow the free flow run-off water

 To construct drainage and repair damaged drainage

 To give awareness to the community on appropriate waste disposal methods and

management.

Outcomes:

At the end of this project, the expected outcomes are below:

1344718 Strategic Management and Commissioning

 Reduction in floods disaster as a result of damage and blockage to drainages which

prevents runoff water from flowing freely into the lagoon.

 Protection to the life and properties of the community members during heavy rainfall.

 Improvement in the health of the community through the awareness of appropriate

waste disposal methods and waste management practice.

 Improvement in the knowledge of the community members about appropriate waste

disposal methods and compliance to the waste management policy.

Strategies

This project would involve the Local government, the community leaders (Men leaders,

Women leaders, Youth leaders and Market leaders) and the Community Development

Association, that is all the members of the community will be involved.

 Through the help of community leaders, each member would be organised to be

involved in the removal of waste in the drainage throughout the whole community. The

importance of this would be explained to the leaders and in turn the leaders would

explain to the members of the community.

 The repair of damaged drainage and the construction of the new standard drainage

would be done after taking the survey of the community.

 Waste disposal awareness would be conducted first to the community leaders, making

them to understand the importance of good sanitation practices, the danger of refuse

dumping in the drainage and the benefit of encouraging their member to comply with

waste management policy. Thereafter, waste disposal awareness would be conducted

for the whole community.

 There would be provision of the waste collection and waste management policy would

be proposed in the community.

1344718 Strategic Management and Commissioning

SWOT Analysis for the Project.

The importance of SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) Analysis can

never be put aside when planning for any project. SWOT analysis helps to understand the

different internal and external factors capable of influencing the outcome of the project.

Strengths Weaknesses

 Focus on awareness and community  Negligence

development  Compliance

 Cost effectiveness  Illiteracy

 Knowledge from existing project of  Poverty

LMDGP and LVI

 Knowledge of other project from

other communities

 Community members inclusion in

the committee

 Good utilisation of the community

assets and resources

Opportunities Threats

 Job creation for the community  Climate change such as heavy

members rainfall

 Governmental, non-governmental  Lagoon overflow

organisation and community support  Community hoodlums (Area boys)

 Create healthy life and property  Topography of the land

protection for the community

1344718 Strategic Management and Commissioning

Health belief Model

Source: Green and Murphy, 2002.

This proposed intervention could be linked to the concept of Health Belief Model (HBM)

because the model is widely used to tackle diverse health issues. HBM is linked to the belief

of people about severity and susceptibility of a condition thereby influencing them to take

necessary action of prevention. This will help to address the issue of compliance, negligence

illiteracy and poverty as mentioned in the SWOT analysis.

Perceived Susceptibility: This would be done by explaining to the residents of Ilaje-Bariga

community that they may be vulnerable to floods as a result of refuses dumping in the

drainage/canal, wetland sand filling and raising illegal and substandard structures.

Perceived Severity: This is would be done by explaining the consequences and implications

of floods to their health and properties.

1344718 Strategic Management and Commissioning

Perceived Benefit: The benefits of sanitation, use of waste bin and compliance to waste

management and building policy would be explained to the community.

Perceived Barriers: The barriers would be taken away by unblocking and repairing the

blocked and damaged drainage, constructing new drainage and providing waste disposal bags

and bin for each household and providing dumping site in the community.

Self-efficacy: Awareness, training and incentive would be given so as to encourage individual

and give them confidence and ability to act.

Cues to Action: if all the factors above are put in place, these may generate a positive change

in the behaviour of the residents of Ilaje-Bariga community and encourage them to comply

with the waste management and building policy.

Implementation Plan

Appointment of Project Committee

The appointment of the project committee members would be done by the project facilitator

and the committee shall include: project coordinator, secretary, an accountant, public health

officer, environmental officer, procurement officer, awareness/education coordinator, welfare

officer (this would be given to one of the community members) and transport and organising

officers (this may also be given to the community members).

Selection of Stakeholders for the Project

The selection of the stakeholders would be done by the project committee members and the

stakeholders shall include: Lagos State Ministry of Environment (LSME), Lagos Metropolitan

Development and Governance Project (LMDGP), Bariga Local Government Council, Ilaje-

Bariga Community Leaders and the Community Development Association (CDA).

Consent Seeking
1344718 Strategic Management and Commissioning

The project committee shall meet with the stakeholders and they will discuss on the project

proposal and the best way to achieve success of the project would be agreed on.

The construction of the drainage shall be given to Supermove Construction Company Limited

(SCCL), Lagos Nigeria and be supervised by LSME and LMDGP on the agreement of the

committee and the stakeholders.

A letter of consent would be sent to Bariga Local Government council and Ilaje-Bariga

community leaders and the community leaders would in turn inform the community members

for their full support in the fulfilment of the project.

There would be agreement that the community members shall be employed to be among the

labour force so as to create job opportunities for them and also receive their full support.

Community Survey

Community survey would be conducted by SCCL in conjunction with representative from

LSME, LMDGP and the community leaders. This would be coordinated by the environmental

officer and the purpose of the survey is to understand the topography of the land and to put

climate change such as heavy rainfall and lagoon surge in to consideration when selecting

location and constructing the drainage.

Procurement

Procurement of the needed items would be headed by the procurement officer working in

conjunction with the transport and organising officer.

Drainage Construction
1344718 Strategic Management and Commissioning

After the community survey and the location for the drainage have been selected, the SCCL

will start the construction of the drainage. The process of drainage construction will include

unblocking the blocked drainage, repairing the damaged drainage and constructing the new and

standard drainage.

Maintenance

The maintenance of the drainage would be given to the CDA to supervise and they would in

turn employ the community members to the work of removing any solid waste from the

drainage once every week. This will also create employment opportunities for the community

members.

Waste Disposal Awareness Creation

Waste disposal awareness creation would be spearheaded by the Awareness/education, Public

health and environmental officer. The awareness program would involve sensitising the

community on the importance and benefits of good sanitation and proper waste disposal to their

health and in helping them to reduce floods and it impacts. Training would also be given on

waste disposal methods, drainage maintenance and free waste bags and waste disposal bin will

be given to each household in the community. The awareness and campaign program will take

different format such as talk show with the community leaders, different association in the

community (such as Women, youth, and market association) and the whole community using

of handbills, posters and banners.

Waste Management

The management of the waste would be done by procuring a vehicle that will be collecting

waste from each household every week and be dumping it in the dumping site that will be

provided at the outskirt of the community. This will also be supervised by CDA for

continuation and sustainability and also create job opportunity for the community members.
1344718 Strategic Management and Commissioning

Project Gantt Chart:

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3

Activities in the Quarters Quarters Quarters

Project 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th

Appointment of

Project committee

Selection of

Project

Stakeholders

Consent Seeking

Community

Survey

Procurement

Drainage

Construction

Waste Disposal

Awareness

Creation

Waste

Management

Sustainability

Plan

Baseline

Evaluation
1344718 Strategic Management and Commissioning

Midpoint

Evaluation

End of Project

Evaluation

Monitoring and Evaluation

The critical part of results-based management (RBM) is monitoring and evaluation. This forms

the foundation for understandable and accurate reporting on the outcomes achieved by the

program (International Federation of Red Cross (IFRC), 2011). Monitoring is defined as the

regular collection and analysis of data to follow up the progress of day to day project activities.

While evaluation is a systematic assessment of measuring how successful a project is at

fulfilling its aims and objectives (IFRC, 2011; Bates and Jones, 2012).

The monitoring and documentation of the progress of the project shall be done by the project

coordinator and the secretary and be presented to the stakeholders at every stakeholders

meeting. The project progress and the implementation time line shall follow the Project Gantt

Chart above.

Element of RE-AIM

The evaluation to assess the quality of this project shall be based on the RE-AIM framework.

This is an outcomes framework used in the evaluation of many projects (Paul et al., 2014).
1344718 Strategic Management and Commissioning

What strategy
will be used for
acceptability of
my project? How can I
What will examine
demonstrate differences in the
that my implementation?
project is
effective?

What will be done

How do I to generate project
optimise sustainability?
reach?

Figure 5: Elements of the RE-AIM Framework Source: Paul et al., 2014.

Reach: This will be carried out by survey to evaluate the numbers of participants in the target

population, those that heard about the project, partook, complied and benefitted from the

project.

Effectiveness: surveys on incidence and impacts of floods will be used to demonstrate and

measure the effectiveness of the drainage and waste management project in the community.

Adoption: the acceptance of the project will be measured by the level of participation of the

community and their compliance to the waste disposal methods. This will be done by

community compliances survey and monitoring data.

1344718 Strategic Management and Commissioning

Implementation: The project delivery will be used to evaluate how strictly the project follows

the implementation plan as proposed.

Maintenance: The CDA will be in charge of the project follow up to see to the sustainability

of the project and compliances of the community to the project.

Sustainability

Sustainability is very important in planning for any intervention. Sustainable intervention is an

intervention that meets the present needs and as well do not compromise the ability to meet the

needs of the future generations (Bartlett, 2012). As mention earlier on, the sustainability of this

project will be given to the CDA who will be assessing and documenting the progress and

impact of the project in the community. They will be in charge of making sure the drainage is

free of solid waste, structures are not raised on the drainage and that people comply with waste

disposal methods. The committee and the stakeholders will also meet to form policies that will

guide building structures and waste management in the community and this will be enforced

by CDA.
 1344718 Strategic Management and Commissioning

Organisation Structure

Project
Facilitator/
Supervisor

Project Project
Committee Stakeholders

Coordinator

Secretary Accountant Public Environm Procur Aware Welfar

Health ental ement ness e
Officer Officer Officer |Coord officer
inator

Transport and Organising

officer

Worker and Volunteers

1344718 Strategic Management and Commissioning

Project Cost Estimate

Description Amount (N)

Administrative Cost 450, 000

Appointing project committee 150, 000

Meeting with stakeholders and sponsors 100, 000

Committee meetings 350, 000

Transport and logistics 500, 000

Recruitment and training of workers 1, 200, 000

Procurement 3, 500, 000

Welfare of staffs 1, 000, 000

Drainage construction 15, 250, 000

Unblocking the blocked drainage and repairing the damaged one 5, 000, 000

Waste disposal awareness creation (Talk, posters, handbills, TV 1, 000, 000

and radio adverts and other equipment)

Waste management (waste bags, waste bin, vehicle and preparing 5, 000, 000

dumping site)

Maintenance 1, 200, 000

Wages for staffs 12, 000, 000

Monitoring and evaluation 1, 000, 000

Project supervision 1, 300, 000

Miscellaneous/running costs 1, 000, 000

TOTAL ESTIMATED COST 50, 000, 000

1344718 Strategic Management and Commissioning

Reflection:

This module, “Strategic management and commissioning” and the completion of this portfolio

has really broaden my knowledge concerning the way public health plan and implement

intervention to tackle any public health concerns. I have gained that for any intervention to be

successful in any community, there is need for the community assessment so as to understand

the needs of the community before focusing on the problem solving. I learned the importance

of leadership and project commissioning. Also I was able to gain knowledge on the correct use

and advantage of applying evidence-based model and frameworks in the project

implementation. The limitations in this portfolio can be linked to limited available data and

information about the community and also this portfolio was written without major experience

in project planning which could lead to some gaps in the community assessment and

implementation plan.

This module and the assignment have really developed my knowledge about leadership,

management, commissioning, and projects implementation and has equipped me for real life

project proposal and implementation.

1344718 Strategic Management and Commissioning

References

Adelekan, I.O., ed. 2009. Vulnerability of Poor Urban Coastal Communities to Climate
Change in Lagos, Nigeria [on-line] University of Ibadan: Fifth Urban research
symposium. Available at
<http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTURBANDEVELOPMENT/Resources/336387-
1256566800920/6505269-1268260567624/Adelekan.pdf> [Accessed 09 July 2015].

Adelekan, I.O., 2010. Vulnerability of poor urban coastal communities to flooding in Lagos,
Nigeria. Environment and Urbanization, [e-journal] 22 (2), pp.433-450. Available
through: google <http://eau.sagepub.com/content/22/2/433.full.pdf> [Accessed 20 July
2015].

Aderogba, K., Oredipe, M., Oderinde, S. and Afelumo, T., 2012. Challenges of Poor
Drainage Systems and Floods in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria. International Journal of
Social Sciences & Education, [e-journal] 2 (3) Available through: google
<http://ijsse.com/sites/default/files/issues/2012/Volume%202%20Issue%203,%202012/P
aper-39/Paper-39.pdf> [Accessed 05 August 2015].

Balogun, W., Omoruyi, F., 2011. THIS IS ILAJE: Welcome to Lagos slum where residents
live on the lagoon. Sun Newspaper, .

Bartlett, A.A., 2012. The meaning of sustainability. Teach.Clgh.Sci.Soc.Educ.Newslett, [e-

journal] 31, pp.1-14. Available through: google
<http://albartlett.org/articles/art_meaning_of_sustainability_2012mar20.pdf> [Accessed
04 August 2015].

Bates, G. and Jones, L., 2012. Monitoring and evaluation: a guide for community projects.
Centre for Public Health, Faculty of Health and Applied Social Sciences, Liverpool John
Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom, [e-journal] Available through: google
<http://www.maji.go.tz/pim/tcomponents/reference/RW0401a03t01/RW0401a03t01b01.
pdf> [Accessed 07 August 2015].

Bindra, R., 2008. The uses of epidemiology and other methods in defining health service
1344718 Strategic Management and Commissioning

needs and in policy development. Health knowledge. [online] Available at:

<http://www.healthknowledge.org.uk/public-health-textbook/research-methods/1c-
health-care-evaluation-health-care-asseeement/uses-epidemiology-health-service-needs>
[Accessed 20 July 2015].

Community Tool Box, 2015. Identifying Community Assets. [on-line] Available at:
<http://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/assessment/assessing-community-needs-and-
resources/identify-community-assets/main> [Accessed: 02 August 2015].

Doocy, S., Daniels, A., Murray, S. and Kirsch, T. D. 2013. The human impact of floods: a

historical review of events 1980-2009 and systematic literature review PLOS Current
Disaster April 16 review

Green, E.C. and Murphy, E., 2002. Health belief model. The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia

of Health, Illness, Behavior, and Society, [e-journal] Available through: Anglia Ruskin
University Library website <http://www.libweb.anglia.ac.uk> [Accessed 17 July
2015].

Hallegatte, S., Green, C., Nicholls, R. J., and Corfee-Morlot, J. 2013. Future flood losses in

major coastal cities. Nature Climate Change 3, 802–806. doi:10.1038/nclimate1979

International Federation of Road Cross and Red Crescent Societies, 2011.

Project/Programme Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Guide. [on-line] Available at:
<http://www.ifrc.org/Global/Publications/monitoring/IFRC-ME-Guide-8-2011.pdf>
[Accessed: 04 August 2015].

Jacobs, J.A., Jones, E., Gabella, B.A., Spring, B. and Brownson, R.C., 2012. Tools for

implementing an evidence-based approach in public health practice. Preventing chronic

disease, [e-journal] 9, pp.E116. Available through: Anglia Ruskin University Library
website <http://www.libweb.anglia.ac.uk> [Accessed 16 July 2015].

Joannah Amarhavwie, 2010. Overpopulation in Slums: A case study of Ilaje, Bariga, Lagos
State. [e-version] BSc. University of Lagos. Available at:
<http://www.scribd.com/doc/36191961/Overpopulation-in-Ilaje-New#scribd>
[Accessed: 09 July 2015].
1344718 Strategic Management and Commissioning

Junior Chamber International, 2013. ILAJE 300 Project: Junior Chamber's Quest to Touch
the lives of Lagos's Ilaje Community. Lagos: JCI.

Justin Uwazuruonye, 2010. 2010 Flood Disaster in Kosofo - Lagos State, Nigeria. A
Summarized Report on Causes and Mitigating Measures. NEMA GIS UNIT, .

MacQueen, K.M., McLellan, E., Metzger, D.S., Kegeles, S., Strauss, R.P., Scotti, R.,
Blanchard, L. and Trotter, R.T.,2nd, 2001. What is community? An evidence-based
definition for participatory public health. American Journal of Public Health, [e-journal]
91 (12), pp.1929-1938. Available through: Anglia Ruskin University Library
<http://libweb.anglia.ac.uk> [Accessed 10 July 2015].

Malunga, C., 2006. Learning leadership development from African cultures: A personal
perspective. INTRAC PraxisNote, [e-journal] 25, pp.1-13. Available through: google
<http://www.asocam.org/biblioteca/files/original/a4ae7835cf6b86202b6f682bc7dd83fb.
pdf> [Accessed 04 August 2015].

Olajide, O. and Lawanson, T., 2014. Climate change and livelihood vulnerabilities of low-
income coastal communities in Lagos, Nigeria. International Journal of Urban
Sustainable Development, [e-journal] 6 (1), pp.42-51. Available through: google
<http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/19463138.2013.878348> [Accessed 01
August 2015].

Olokesusi, F. 2011. Lagos: the challenges and opportunities of an emergent African Mega

City. Paper Presented at the NISER Seminar Series on 5 July.

Paul, A., Roanoke, V., Russell, E., Harden, S. M., Kessler, R., 2014. Applying the RE-AIM
Framework to Intervention Planning and Evaluation. [on-line] Available at:
<http://www.re-aim.hnfe.vt.edu/sbmworkshop2014.pdf> [Accessed: 01 August 2015].

Sharpe, P.A., Greaney, M.L., Lee, P.R. and Royce, S.W., 2000. Assets-oriented community
assessment. Public health reports (Washington, D.C.: 1974), [e-journal] 115 (2-3),
pp.205-211. Available through: google
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1308712/pdf/pubhealthrep00022-
0103.pdf> [Accessed 04 July 2015].
 1344718 Strategic Management and Commissioning

This day live news, 2012. Makoko: A Lagos Venice in the Making. This day live news,
http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/makoko-a-lagos-venice-in-the-making/121604/.

Ulgen Ovgu, 2014. Socio-ecology of walking in an urban space. [on-line] Available at:
<http://www.yesilist.com/english/cms.php?u=socio-ecology-of-walking-in-an-urban-
space&id=773> [Accessed: 02 August 2015].

Wahab, B., Ojolowo, S., Adelekan, I. and Fasona, M., 2014. Building Contraventions and
Incidence of Floods in the Lagos Metropolis. 6th International Conference on Flood
Management, [e-journal] Available through: google
<http://www.abrh.org.br/icfm6/proceedings/papers/PAP014991.pdf> [Accessed 13 July
2015].

World Bank, 2014. Implementation Completion and Results Report To the Federal Republic
of Nigeria for the Lagos Metropolitan Development and Governance Project.Urban
Development and Services Practice 2.

World Economic Forum, 2010. The Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011 World

Economic Forum. Geneva, Switzerland.

View publication stats