INFLAMMATION

DR. DUYGU AKTAR REYHANIOGLU

INFLAMMATION
It is a complex reaction to irritating agents such
as microorganisms and damage from various
causes.
Inflammation; It is the tissue response created
by exogenous or endogenous stimuli in
vascularized tissues.
INFLAMMATION
Local respond to any agent

It ıs a body defence reaction in order to eliminate

Or
Limit the spread of injuries agent as well as to remove the consequent necrose cell and tissue
What is the permanent feature of the
inflammatory process?
The constant feature of the inflammatory process is the blood vessel
reaction, which leads to the accumulation of fluid and leukocytes in
the extravascular tissues.

Process features
It is involved in repair.
But; there is also the potential to cause damage (such as chronic
diseases and hypersensitivity rxn).
There are 2 important components of the inflammatory
response.

•Cellular
•Vascular
a
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WHY INFLAMMATION MAY OCCUR?
INFLAMMATION RESPONSE
COMPONENTS
Factors involved in the inflammatory response

Plasma proteins and fluids (coagulation factors,

complement comp, kininogen)

Circulating cells (neutrophil, monocytes, eosinophils,

lymphocytes, basophils, platelets)

Connective tissue cells (mast cell, fibroblast, macrophage)

Extracellular matrix (collagen, elastin, laminin, tenascin,

etc.)

Blood vessels (endothelial cell, smooth muscle cell)

if the duration of acute
inflammation is prolonged
 Chemical mediators
Vascular and cellular reactions of acute and chronic
inflammation are mediated by chemical factors
originating from plasma proteins or cells.

These mediators act alone or in groups, increasing

the inflammatory response.
ACUTE INFLAMMATION

It is characterized by the
It is short term. It expires
Starts fast in minutes or Plasma proteins and fluid migration of leukocytes,
in minutes, hours or a
seconds exudation (edema), and especially neutrophils, to
few days.
the injury site.
ACUTE INFLAMMATION
Acute Inflammation- Educational 3D Animation – YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1SvEdg94qUA

Inflammation Medical Animation - YouTube

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gIlZHyptUPM
ACUTE INFLAMMATION
THE PROGRESS OF ACUTE INFLAMMATION
1. Complete resolution

2. Healing with connective tissue (fibrosis)

3. Progression to chronic inflammation

CHRONIC INFLAMMATION
Mononuclear cell
It is long term. It may infiltration: Lymphocyte,
tissue destruction
take days or years. macrophage and plasma
cells

Blood vessel
There may be fibrosis
proliferation
and tissue necrosis.
(angiogenesis)
CHRONIC INFLAMMATION CELLS
Macrophages: It is a component of the mononuclear phagocyte system
(reticuloendothelial system).

Mononuclear phagocyte system; It contains blood monocytes and tissue

macrophages originating from the bone marrow (Ex: Kupfer cell in the liver, sinus
histiocytes in the spleen and lymph node, alveolar macrophage in the lung).

blood monocytes…24 hours, tissue macrophages…months, years

Monocy. Macroph.
CHRONIC INFLAMMATION CELLS
Monocytes arrive at the site
of injury within 48 hours and
turn into macrophages (large
phagocytic cells).

macrophage activation: cell size

increases. The lysosomal enzyme
level increases.

It secretes more biologically active products.

CHRONIC INFLAMMATION CELLS
Lymphocytes: They take part in antibody and cell-mediated immune reactions. They are
stimulated by cytokines (TNF, IL-1 and chemokines) released from activated macrophages. *T
and B lymphocytes

Plasma cells: Formed as a result of B lymphocyte activation-----Ab

Eosinophils: Important in parasitic infections and IgE-mediated immune reactions.

Mast cells :are commonly found in connective tissue. Takes part in anaphylactic rxn against
food drug and insects It may play a role in the development of fibrosis with the cytokines it
produces.
GRANULOMATOUS INFLAMMATION
There are multinucleated giant cells formed by the fusion of epithelioid
histiocytes within the granuloma. There are 20 or more nuclei.

Langhans type: Nuclei are located in the periphery

Foreign body type: Nuclei are arranged irregularly.

Acute Inflammation vs Chronic Inflammation ( Clear Comparison ) — Yandex video arama