1.1 FIGURE 1.1 shows the movement of two continents over time.

1.1.1 Mention the theory that is being depicted by the movement of

the continents in FIGURE 1.1. (1 x 1) (1)

1.1.2 Name the scientist who first proposed the theory mentioned in
QUESTION 1.1.1. (1 x 1) (1)

1.1.3 Explain why the plate boundary at A can be classified as being

divergent. (1 x 2) (2)

1.1.4 Draw a simple sketch diagram showing the plate movements

along a divergent plate boundary. (3 x 1) (3)

1.1.5 The two continents in FIGURE 1.1 were part of a supercontinent

that existed about 50 million years ago. Give the name of this
supercontinent. (1 x 2) (2)

2.3.6 Discuss THREE points of evidence presented by scientists that the

supercontinent mentioned in QUESTION 1.1.5 once existed.
(3 x 2) (6)

1.2 FIGURE 1.2 shows different types of crustal folds.

 1.2.1 Differentiate between a syncline and anticline. (2 x 1) (2)

1.2.2 Identify the type of fold that is indicated at letter A. (1 x 1) (1)

1.2.3 Describe the type of tectonic plate movement that is associated

with the formation of crustal folding. (1 x 2) (2)

1.2.4 Briefly explain why folding occurs in regions where sedimentary

rock has been deposited. (2 x 2) (4)

1.2.5 Fold mountains are prevalent (common) in the Western Cape.

Mention THREE ways in which fold mountains can be beneficial
(positive) for the region. (3 x 2) (6)

1.3 FIGURE 1.3. is a photograph of a town located at the foot of a volcano

CAPE ROADS CLOSED DUE TO MUDSLIDES AND ROCK FALLS

Cape Town - Severe weather has affected thousands of people in the Western Cape,
leaving various roads closed due to flooding, mudslides and rockfalls. EWN reports the
R44 Clarence Dr has been closed off to traffic between Gordons Bay and Rooiels, with
road users being advised to use the N2 via Sir Lowrys Pass.
Kalk Bay's main road has also been hit by flooding and on Saturday the M4 between
Clovelly and Fishoek was closed but has since been re-opened. Chapman's Peak drive,
along the Atlantic Coast between Noordhoek and Hout Bay remains closed due to a
mudslide. The mudslide is said to be close to the Tintswalo five-star luxury hotel, with
access only open to its guests from the Noordhoek side of Chapman's Peak.
Travellers are also being advised to use Ou Kaapse Weg as an alternative route. Parts
of Victoria Road in Camps Bay have been washed away and affected by smaller-scale
rockfalls. The City of Cape Town disaster management said engineering crews are in
the process of clearing up many of the areas where these incidents occurred and
will proceed with its recovery work over the next few days.
https://www.news24.com/news24/travel/south-africa/PICS-Cape-roads-closed-due-to-mudslides-and
-rockfalls-20131117
1.3.1 State whether the volcano shown in FIGURE 1.3 is active or
dormant. (1 x 1) (1)

1.3.2 Briefly explain your answer to QUESTION 1.3.1. (1 x 2) (2)

1.3.3 The type of volcano shown is a composite volcano. Explain the

formation of this type of volcano. (2 x 2) (4)

1.3.4 Despite the danger of deadly eruptions, people choose to live near
volcanoes. In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines, examine
the possible benefits of settling (living) close to a volcano as
depicted in the photograph. (4 x 2) (8)

Question 1.4

Read the cartoon below and answer the questions that follow.
1.4.1 Name the super-continent that existed about 250 million years
ago.(1x 2) (2)

1.4.2 Name ONE current continent that used to be part of

Gondwanaland.(1x 2) (2)

1.4.3 Explain the difference between a divergent plate boundary and a

convergent plate boundary. (2 x 2) (4)

1.4.4 In a paragraph, discuss FOUR pieces of evidence used by scientists to

prove the theory of continental drift.(4x2)(8)

[16]

Question 1.5

Examine the image, FIGURE 1.5, showing a fold and a fault. Answer the
questions that follow.

FIGURE 1.5
1.5.1 Label A and B as either a syncline or an anticline.(2x2)(4)

1.5.2 Name the rock group that these rocks belong to. (1x2)(2)

1.5.3 Name the type of pressure that caused the folding to occur.(1x2)(2)

1.5.4 Name the landforms that occur because of the pressure mentioned

in 1.5.3. (1x2)(2)

1.5.5 Identify the type of fold at C. (1x2)(2)

1.5.6 Explain why this fold (answer 1.6.5) forms. (1x2)(2)

[14]

1.5 Refer to FIGURE 1.6 showing intrusive igneous activity and features to
answer the following questions.
1.6.1 Define the term intrusive igneous activity. (1 x 1) (1)

1.6.2 Name the features labelled B, C and D as a volcanic pipe, lopolith or

laccolith respectively. (3 x 1) (3)

1.6.3 When the feature labelled A is very large, it is known as a

(monolith/sill). (1 x 1) (1)

1.6.4 List TWO landforms associated with intrusive igneous activity. (2 x 1)(2)

1.6.5 Describe the feature labelled B. (1 x 2) (2)

1.6.6 Discuss the formation of features B, C and D. (3 x 2) (6)

1.7 Carefully read the case study in FIGURE 1.7 about volcanic eruption in
Mount Sinabung, Indonesia.
 Mount Sinabung: Volcano eruption warnings after huge column of ash
prompts panic in Indonesia

A huge column of ash was blasted almost five miles into the sky above
the Indonesian island of Sumatra after an active volcano erupted.
Indonesian officials warned that further volcanic activity was possible
although the volcano’s alert level remained unchanged.

Residents have been told to stay indoors and to wear face masks, if
venturing outside, to protect themselves from volcanic
ashfall.Sinabung was inactive for around 400 years before it erupted in
2010, killing two people. Since then it has become one of this South
East Asia’s most active volcanoes, bringing both negative and positive
effects to

the nation. More than a dozen people were killed and thousands were
forced to flee when it erupted in 2014. Indonesia is particularly prone to
seismic activity due to its location on the ‘Ring

of Fire’, an arc of volcanoes and fault lines encircling the Pacific Basin.
[Source: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/mount-sinabung-volcano
-eruption]

1.7.1 How many people were killed in the 2010 eruption? (1 x 1) (1)

1.7.2 Complete the sentence below by choosing the correct word in

 brackets: Sinabung was (dormant/active) before it erupted in 2010 and
has now become one of this South East Asian nation's most
(dormant/active) volcanoes. (2 x 1) (2)

1.7.3 Why is Indonesia likely to have more volcanic activities? (1 x 2) (2)

1.7.4 Provide reasons why residents had been warned (told) to stay

indoors. (2 x 2) (4)

1.7.5 Discuss the positive effects of volcanoes for the people of

Indonesia. (3 x 2) (6)

1.8 Read the case study in FIGURE 1.8 and answer the questions that follow.

An earthquake, which measured 7,8 on the Richter scale, struck Nepal on

April 25, 2015, toppling multi-story buildings in Kathmandu and creating
landslides and avalanches in the Himalaya Mountains. It was the deadliest
earthquake in the region in 81 years because nearly 9 000 people died and
more than 22 000 suffered injuries. Humanitarian organisations responded
quickly to the disaster with search and rescue teams and immediate aid
deliveries. Work is still underway to rebuild schools, health

clinics, houses, livelihoods, and to help families and communities gain more
resilience to environmental shocks. The survivors asked for assistance
(help) from people all over the world.

[Source: www.worldvision.org/disaster-relief-news-stories/2015-nepal-earthquake-facts]
1.8.1 Define the term earthquake. (1 x 1) (1)

1.8.2 Why was the earthquake in Nepal the deadliest? (1 x 1) (1)

1.8.3 State the number of people who were injured in the

earthquake. (1 x 1) (1)

1.8.4 Discuss the negative effects of the earthquake in

Kathmandu. (2 x 2) (4)

1.8.5 Describe how buildings can be improved to withstand the effects of

earthquakes. (1 x 2) (2)

1.8.6 The survivors of the earthquake asked for assistance (help) from all

over the world. Suggest THREE ways to assist the survivors. (3 x 2) (6)

1.9 Refer to FIGURE 1.9 showing the internal structure of the earth and
answer the following questions.

The earth is like a boiled egg with different layers, namely: the outer
core, inner core, crust and mantle. The crust is a thin layer made up of
different types of rocks.
1.9.1 Identify the layers labelled 1, 2, 3, and 4. (4 x 1) (4)

1.9.2 List THREE main types of rocks that form within layer 1 or below earth

surface. (3 x 1) (3)

1.9.3 Describe TWO uses of any of the rocks listed in QUESTION

1.9.2. (2 x 2) (4)

1.9.4 Explain TWO important uses of layer 1 to humans. (2 x 2) (4)