Western Cape Education Department

Directorate: Curriculum FET

CONSUMER STUDIES
GRADE 11

Revision package - (Term 1 – 2023)

TOPICS
Fibres and Fabrics (Weeks 7 and 8)

This revision package includes:

• An overview of the work of Term 1

• Revision exercises or activities of the work of Term no. 1
• Revision exercises or activities of important terminology
• Layout of the final theory examination for the subject
• Activities and examination questions for revision

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Introduction:

Dear Grade 11-learner

Welcome to Consumer Studies! This subject will teach you how to be a responsible
consumer. This revision package will focus on the work planned for Term 1 as per
2023 – 2024 ATP. It will assist you to revise the content completed and should help
you to perform better in tests and examinations.

Work through this package thoroughly and enjoy it! Good luck with your studies.

Wishing you success in all your endeavours.

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PURPOSE: The purpose of this section is for you to revise the work done in the
second term to help you understand the key concepts and to
provide you with an opportunity to establish the required standard
and how to apply the fundamental knowledge to answer the
questions well.

The Approved Textbooks:

OXFORD SUCCESSFUL
FOCUS

Layout of the final theory examination paper for grade 11

Fibres and Fabrics as well as Food and Nutrition will form part of the theory
examination.

The table below gives an indication of the layout of the final theory question paper:

CONTENT MARK
ALLOCATION
SECTION A – Short Questions
Question 1 Short Questions (all topics) 40
SECTION B - Longer Questions
Question 2 The Consumer 40
Question 3 Food and nutrition 40
Question 4 Clothing -
Fibres and Fabrics 20
Design elements and principles
Question 5 Housing 20
Question 6 Entrepreneurship 40
Total 200

To help you study the work and revise, you can turn to the last section of this revision
package to work through previous examination questions that will test your
knowledge on the work of term 1.

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NOTE the following: Each main topic has sub-topics and relevant
concepts.
• Study the topic as a UNIT and do not leave out any sub-topics and relevant,
related concepts.
• Obtain copies of past exam papers and practise regularly as how to answer
the different types of questions in a question paper.
• Make use of information in the approved textbooks when answering the
question paper.

Useful tips for writing the Consumer Studies question paper

• READ through the question paper before to write/answer the question.
• Read the INSTRUCTIONS of EVERY question or sub-question.
• In the case of longer questions, read the information in a case study,
scenario, information text box etc. WITH UNDERSTANDING.
• Know and understand how to interpret ACTION/INSTRUCTIONAL verbs.
• Take the MARK ALLOCATION of each question/sub-question into
consideration.
• Pay attention to language usage and avoid using ‘SLANG’ or ‘SMS-
Language’.
• Write neatly and legibly.
• After completion of the question paper, read through your answers/responses
again and make sure that you have attempted ALL the questions.
• As topics could be integrated, especially in the longer questions that could
be higher order questions, make use of the TRIM and PEEL technique when
answering the question.

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TRIM and PEEL Technique:

TRIM the question when you attempt to answer it:

T = Determine the topic applicable in the question

R = Determine the restrictions/limitations of the instruction
I = Determine the instruction of the question/sub-question
M = Determine the mark allocation of the question/sub-question

PEEL is the technique used to formulate tour answer/response:

P = make a point
E = look for evidence to determine the limitations of the question
E = explain your point based on the evidence
L = link to the point in conclusion of your answer/response

NOTE: your teacher will deal with this technique in more detail as well as the
instructional verbs and the meaning of those instructional verbs.

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Overview of the work in Term 1

The work to be dealt with in term 1 include Design Elements and Principles; Fibres
and Fabrics.
The table below will give you an indication of the core content that must be
covered:

FIBRES and FABRICS

Content
Fabric properties to meet aesthetic and functional needs for specific end uses:
• Visual and tactile properties e.g. draping quality; colourfastness
• Durability e.g. strength; abrasion resistance; pilling; sunlight resistance
• Comfort e.g. elasticity; dimensional stability; absorbency; heat retention
• Maintenance e.g., shrink reaction to water and cleaning chemicals en
procedures; reaction to heat (water and ironing temperature) stain
resistance/stain release; crease and wrinkle resistance.
Fabric finishes meeting aesthetic and functional needs for specific end uses:
• Finishes that alter the performance of fabrics e.g. flame retardant; static
control; stain and soil release; antibacterial; waterproof and water repellent;
crease resistant; drip dry

It is especially important that you ensure that you work through all this work and that
you know the important terminology of each topic

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REVISION: Fibres and Fabrics
PURPOSE: The purpose of this section is for you to revise the work done in the first
term so that you can work through the important concepts.

Follow these steps:

1- Study the following pages from the textbook for this chapter:
▪ Oxford-textbook: Pages 131 to 140.
▪ FOCUS- textbook: Pages 144 to 156.

2- Study the important terminology and do the short activity about the terms.

TERMINOLOGY (Fibres AND Fabrics)

PURPOSE: The purpose of this section is for you to study the important definitions of
the second term’s work by heart and to revise it. Make sure that you

know and understand all the definitions below:

DEFINITIONS FOR FIBRES AND FABRICS

ACTIVITY 1
Terminology: Definition

Fibre

Fabric

Fabric property

Aesthetic

Functional

Visual

Tactile

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Durability

Comfort

Maintenance

Fabric Appearance

Fabric Handle

Fabric drape

Fabric texture

Fabric performance

ACTIVITY 2

Now that you have studied the overarching terminology, describe/define each of
the following terms pertaining to the specific overarching terminology:

1. Visual and Tactile properties

• Draping quality
• Colourfastness
2. Durability
• Strength
• Abrasion resistance
• Pilling
• Sunlight resistance
3. Comfort
• Elasticity
• Dimensional stability
• Heat conductivity
• Heat retention

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4. Maintenance
• Shrink resistance to water
and cleaning chemicals
• Procedure reaction to heat
(water and ironing
temperatures)
• Stain resistance/stain
release
• Crease and wrinkle
resistance

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ACTIVITY 3

1. Finishes that alter the performance

of fabrics
• Flam retardant finishes
• Static Control
• Stain and soil release
• Antibacterial finishes
• Waterproof and water
repellent finishes
• Crease resistant finishes
• Drip-dry finishes

ACTIVITY 4

FABRIC AND FIBRE PROPERTIES

1. Explain why visual and tactile properties are important when choosing fabric
to make a cocktail dress.

2. Explain draping quality under the following headings:

2.1 Definition of draping quality.
2.2 Examples of fabrics with the best draping quality.
2.3 Examples of clothing articles for which fabrics with a good draping quality
will be used.
3. Explain the term colourfastness.
4. Explain why work overalls should be made of fabric that has good durability
properties.

5. Explain how a fabric can be tested for strength will be important.

6. List articles/garments in which strength will be important.

7. Name parts of clothing that are more prone to abrasion.

8. Explain what pilling is and name two fabrics where pilling could occur.

9. Suggest articles that should be sunlight resistant.

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Time to practice! – Work through previous papers:

This part of the revision package includes various practice questions about the
chapter (Fibres and fabrics) so that you can work through previous question papers
that will test your knowledge of the work. Do your best and the final exam will be
easy!

Answer the following questions.

EXAM QUESTIONS ABOUT FIBRES AND FABRICS:

1. Match each description of the desirable properties of household textiles in

Column A with the correct term from Column B.

COLUMN A DESCRIPTIONS COLUMN B TERMS

1 Special treatments developed to reduce A Absorbency
shrinkage
2 The appearance of small balls of fibre on the B Heat resistant
surface of a fabric
3 Fabrics for tablecloths should not be stiff and C Dimensional stability
heavy but should fall in soft folds over the table

4 Towels and dishtowels must be able to remove D Colourfastness

moisture and leave the object dry.
5 Fabric should keep the original colour and not E Sanforised
fade or change colour
6 Cotton and linen are not affected by high F Stain resistant
temperatures
7 Treatment often used on fabrics made for G Drapability
upholstery and carpets as these household
textiles are most likely to absorb spills and
become stained
8 This refers to the ability of a fabric to retain its H Pilling
size and shape after laundering
(8)

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2 Explain the following terms:
2.1.1 Colourfastness (2)
2.1.2 Heat conductivity (2)

3 3.1 Explain why finishes are applied to fabrics.

3.2 Name FOUR finishes that will alter a fabric’s appearance. (4)

4 Discuss the reasons why socks often treated with an anti-bacterial finish (4)

5 Discuss why a wrinkle resistant finish will be applied to a 100% cotton Chino
but not to a 100% polyester pants. (3)

6 Explain a reason why absorbent fabrics do not build up static electricity. (3)

7 Compare waterproof and water-repellent finishes as used in fabrics.

Tabulate your answer as follows:

Waterproof finish Water-repellent finish

(4)

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REVISION: Design elements and Principles
PURPOSE: The purpose of this section is for you to revise the work done in the first
term so that you can work through the important concepts.

Follow these steps:

1- Study the following pages in the textbook for this chapter.

▪ Oxford-textbook: Pages 102 to 124.
▪ FOCUS- textbook: Pages 101 to 133.
2- Study the important terminology and do the short activity about the terms.
3- Work through the practice and examination questions.

Colour theory:

▪ Colour terminology, properties, classification, and characteristics.

▪ The colour wheel and colour combinations.

Design elements and principles:

▪ Design elements: line, shape, form, space, colour, and texture. • Design principles:
proportion, balance, rhythm, harmony, emphasis Application of design elements
and principles:
▪ The elements and principles of design to achieve desired effects when choosing
clothes, taking into consideration body shapes, sizes, and style.
▪ Application of knowledge in advising consumers about the purchase of clothing
items.

Application of design elements and principles:

▪ The elements and principles of design to achieve desired effects in interior design
for living and workspaces, to meet aesthetic needs. Include the choice of
furnishings.
▪ Application of knowledge in advising consumers about interior design problem
areas

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TERMINOLOGY (DESIGN ELEMENTS & PRINCIPLES)

PURPOSE: The purpose of this section is for you to study the important definitions of
the first term’s work by heart and to revise it. Make sure that you know and
understand all the definitions below:

DEFINITIONS FOR DESIGN ELEMENTS

Colour
• We see the colour of an object when white light shines on its surface.
• Colours can include yellow, red, pink, white, blue, etc.

Colour
• Name It is the name given to the colour, e.g. “red”.
Intensity
• It refers to how bright or dull a colour is, and it is usually obtained by mixing a colour
with its complementary colour.
Complement

• These are colours combines well and look good together.

Primary colours

• It is blue, red, and yellow. It is used to mix secondary colours.

Secondary colours
• These are colours obtained by mixing primary colours with each other.
• These include purple, green, and orange.

Tertiary colours
• This is when a primary colour and a secondary colour are mixed together
to obtain other colours.
Value
• This refers to how light or dark the colour is.
Tints
• It is obtained when white is added to the colour name.
Shades
• It is obtained when black is added to the colour name.

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Chroma
• It refers to the purity or the intensity of the colour.
Colour wheel
• It is a visual aid that helps us understand how the different colours are created.
• It consists out of 12 colours arranged in a circle, and it shows the relationships
between the three types of colours.

Warm colours
• It is colours like red, yellow, and orange.
Cool colours
• It is colours like blue, green, and purple.
Line
• It is the most basic element of design, and it can be used horizontally, vertically, or
diagonally.
Value
• It refers to the outlines of a shape, and it is flat and two-dimensional. It consists of
two or more lines that latch on to each other.

Shape
• An element of art that is two-dimensional, flat, or limited to height and width.
Form
• It is a three-dimensional shape, like a cube.
• An element of art that encloses volume and include height, width AND depth (as
in a cube, a sphere, a pyramid, or a cylinder). Form may also be free flowing.

Space
• It is the empty space between lines and shapes. Too little space will
make a design look very cramped, which is not good.

Texture
• This refers to the quality of an object’s surface.
Visual texture
• This refers to implied texture. An object’s texture may look different than to what it
feels like.

Tactile (Touchable) texture

• This refers to the actual texture and how it feels when it touches your hand or skin.

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Smooth texture
• It looks smooth, reflects light. It is very sophisticated, feminine, & formal.
Rough texture
• It looks rough and absorbs the light. It is very informal and masculine, and it makes
objects look less conspicuous.
Proportion
• This refers to the pleasant relationship between one area and another. It indicates
a comparison between the different sizes, shapes, quantities, positions, and
masses of the different objects.

Design Principles
Balance
Balance is obtained by grouping objects around an imaginary central point so that
both sides receive equal attention.

There are three types of balance (Radial, Symmetrical, and Asymmetrical balance).
Radial balance
• This is when different objects are arranged around a central point.
Symmetrical / Formal Balance
• This is when two sides of a symmetrical design are identical, and they form a mirror
image of each other.
Asymmetrical/ Informal Balance
• It is when two sides of the design differ, and although the two sides are
not the same, it still carries the same visual weight.
Rhythm
• It creates the impression of movement. It can be obtained through repetition,
grading, progression, alternation, and continuous lines.
Emphasis
• Emphasis is used to draw attention to an object.
Harmony
• There is harmony when all the elements of the design are put together according
to the rules and principles of design.

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Activity no. 1: Do you know your definitions? – Design elements & principles

Now that you have studied the definitions, try to see if you can write them down
without looking at your notes.

1. Value of a colour
2. Intensity of a colour
3. Tint of a colour
4. Primary colours
5 Shade of a colour
6. Rhythm
7. Harmony
8. Proportion
9. Repetition
10. Alternation
11. Radial balance
12 Rough texture
13. Visual texture

Time to practice! – Work through previous papers

This part of the revision package includes various practice questions about the

chapter (Design elements & principles) that you can work through previous question

papers that will test your knowledge. Do your best and the final exam will be easy!

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QUESTIONS ABOUT DESIGN PRINCIPLES & ELEMENTS

1.1. Study the pictures below and answer the questions that follow:

1.1.1. (a) Explain how you would adjust clothing piece A to create Emphasis. (2)
1.1.2. (a)Identify the type of balance illustrated in picture B. (1)
(b) Define the type of balance reflected on the dress. (2)
(c) Explain how the balance was applied on the piece of clothing as
shown in picture B. (5)
1.1.3. (a) Curved lines were used in all three of the above designs in picture
A, B and C.
(b) Name the illusion and the effect that is created by this type of lines. (3)
1.1.4. (b) If dress A had vertical lines, explain the illusion that would have been
created (2)

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 1.2. Study the picture of a room below and answer the questions that follow:

1.2.1. Explain how rhythm is achieved in this room using lines.

Explain the effect that it has on the room. (3)
1.2.2. Identify another way that rhythm was achieved in the room.
Refer to the items in the room to explain the type of rhythm used. (3)
1.2.3. (a) Name a group of colours that should be used in a room that is
facing South.
(b)Give a reason for your answer. (2)
(c)Name two colours that you could be used to achieve the above.
(2)
1.2.4. Define what is meant by complementary colours and give TWO
examples of complementary colours. (3)

2. Explain what the following colour terms mean:

2.1. Value
2.2. Intensity
2.3. Colour name
2.4. Colour wheel
2.5. Shade
2.6. Tint

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3. Explain the difference between primary, secondary, and tertiary colours.

Give TWO examples of each. (6)

4. Describe how the A-body type looks like, and name VYF guidelines on

what these people should keep in mind when shopping for clothes. (8)

5. Describe how the V-body type looks like, and name VYF guidelines on (8)

what these people should keep in mind when shopping for clothes.

6. Describe how the Rectangle-body type looks like, and name VYF (8)

guidelines on what people should keep in mind when buying clothes.

7. Describe how the Oval-body type looks like, and name VYF guidelines (8)

on what people should keep in mind when buying clothes.

8. Draw a colour wheel and indicate two pairs of complementary colours (4)

schemes. Make sure that you indicate the complementary colours.

9. Explain how each of the following problems can be solve in a hour by using
the design elements and principles:

9.1. A cool room (2)

9.2. A room with high ceilings (2)

9.3. A long, small room (2)

9.4. A room that is overcrowded (2)

10. Johan needs help to furnish his living room. He wants to create a calm (2)

and relaxed environment. Please advise him.

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