REPUBLIQUE DE COTE D’IVOIRE

Union – Discipline – Travail

Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur
et de la Recherche Scientifique

Université
Polytechnique de
Bingerville

TECHNICAL ENGLISH FOR STUDENTS

MAJORING IN (CMABM) & (ASCSN)
OR (MIAGE) & (ASSRI)
LICENCE 1

Méthode Informatique Appliquée à la Gestion des Entreprises (MIAGE)

Computer Method Applied to Business Management (CMABM)
Et/And
Administration et Sécurité des Systèmes et Réseaux Informatiques (ASSRI)
Administration and Security of Computer Systems and Networks (ASCSN)

2023-2024

Dr SORO Donissongoh
Enseignant-Chercheur – Prof d’Anglais
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 SYLLABUS
Pages
SYLLABUS ………………………………….…………………………………………… 1
PART ONE : GRAMMAR POINTS…………………………………….……………... 2
UNIT 1 : GENERAL REVIEW OF THE ENGLISH TENSES….…..……………….. 2
I. Present Tenses………………………....…………………………………………... 2
II. Past Tenses……………………………………………………….………………... 2
III. Perfect tenses………….………………………………………………………...… 2
IV. Perfect continuous tenses………………………………………………………….. 2
V. Future Tenses ……………………………..…………………………………...….. 2
VI. Conditional Tenses ……………...………………………………………………… 3
UNIT 2 : THE PRESENT AND PAST TENSES ……………………………………… 3
I. Present Tenses ……………...……..………………………………………………. 4
II. Past Tenses……………...……..………………………………………………..…. 4
UNIT 3 : THE PERFECT AND PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSES …..….………. 4
I. Perfect Tenses……………...…………………………………………………..….. 4
II. Perfect Continuous Tenses……………...……..…………………........................... 5
UNIT 4 : FUTURE AND CONDITIONAL TENSES ……………………….………… 5
I. Future Tenses……………...………….……………………………………..…….. 5
II. Conditional Tenses……………...…………………………………………..……... 6
UNIT 5 : THE COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS
THE COMPARATIVE FORM ........................................................................ 7
A. The Comparative Form……………...………………………………………. 7
B. The Superlative Form ……………...……………………………………………… 7
C. Important Exceptions ……………...…………………………………….………… 9
D. Answer to practice……………...……………………………………………..…… 9
PART TWO : READING AND COMPREHENTION…………………….…………... 11
TEXT 1 : INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT)......................................................... 11
I. COMPREHENSION AND VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT ………..……… 13
A- Answer the Following Questions……………………………………………..….. 13
B- Match the Expressions in Column “A” and their Meaning in Column “B”……… 14
C- Say if the next Ideas are True or False…………………………….……………… 14
II. TRANSLATION…………………………………………………...………………. 14
A- Translate into French the Following Ideas ………………………….……………. 14
B- Translate into English the Sentences Below……………………………………… 14
TEXT 2 : WHAT IS INFORMATION SYSTEM?......................................................... 15
I- COMPREHENSION AND VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT ……………….. 16
A- Answer the following Questions……………………….......................................... 16
B- Match the Expressions Column “A” to their Meaning in Column “B” & “C”…… 17
C- Say if this Ideas are True or False with Justification …………………...………… 17
II- TRANSLATION…………………………………………………………..……… 17
A- Translate Into French the Paragraphs Below ……………………..…………… 17
B- Translate Into French the Sentences Below………………………….………… 17

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 PART ONE: GRAMMAR POINTS
UNIT 1 : GENERAL REVIEW OF THE ENGLISH TENSES
I- PRESENT TENSES
1- Present Simple
Rule : S + V(infinitive) + C / O
S + V(infinitive + S) + C / O at the 3rd pers.

2- Present Continuous or Progressive

Rule : S + Be (Present Simple) +V(infinitive + ing) + C / O

II- PAST TENSES

1- Past Simple or Preterit
Rule : S + V(infinitive + ed) + C / O for regular
S + V(irregular) + C / O

2- Past Continuous or Progressive

Rule : S + Be (Past Simple) +V(infinitive + ing) + C / O

III- PERFECT TENSES

1- Present Perfect
Rule : S + Have (Present Simple) +V(past participle) + C / O

2- Past Perfect
Rule : S + Have (Past Simple) +V(past participle) + C / O

IV- PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSES

3- Present Perfect Continuous
Rule : S + Have (Present Simple) + been + V(infinitive + ing) + C / O

4- Past Perfect Continuous

Rule : S + Have (Past Simple) + been + V(infinitive + ing) + C / O

V- FUTURE TENSES
1- Future Simple
Rule : S + will +V(infinitive) + C / O

2- Future Perfect
Rule : S + will + Have + V(past participle) + C / O

3- Future Continuous or Progressive

Rule : S + will + Be + V(infinitive + ing) + C / O

VI- CONDITIONAL TENSES

1- Conditional simple
Rule : S + would +V(infinitive) + C / O
2- Conditional Perfect
Rule : S + would + Have + V(past participle) + C / O
3- Conditional Continuous or Progressive
Rule : S + would + Be + V(infinitive + ing) + C / O

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UNIT 2 : PRESENT AND PAST TENSES

I. PRESENT TENSES
A- Present Simple
Rule : S + V(infinitive) + C / O
S + V(infinitive + S) + C / O at the 3rd pers.

To Like To Do To Be
I I I am / I’m
like do
You You You are / you’re
He, She, It likes He, She, It does He, She, It is
We We We
like do are
You You You
They They They
B- Present Continuous or Progressive
Rule : S + Be (Present Simple) +V(infinitive + ing) + C / O

To Like To Do To Be
I am / I’m liking I am / I’m doing I am / I’m being
You are / you’re You are / you’re You are / you’re being
liking doing
He, She, It is liking He, She, It is doing He, She, It is being

We We We
are liking are doing are being
You You You
They They They

II. PAST TENSES

A- Past Simple or Preterit
Rule : S + V(infinitive + ed) + C / O for regular
S + V(irregular) + C / O

To Like (regular) To Do (irregular) To Be (irregular)

I I I was
You You You were
liked did
He, She, It He, She, It He, She, It was
We We We
were
You You You
They They They

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 B- Past Continuous or Progressive
Rule : S + Be (Past Simple) +V(infinitive + ing) + C / O

To Like To Do To Be
I was liking I was doing I was being
You were liking You were doing You were being
He, She, It was liking He, She, It was doing He, She, It was being
We We We
You were liking You were doing You were being
They They They

UNIT 3 : PERFECT AND PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSES

I. PERFECT TENSES
A- Present Perfect
Rule : S + Have (Present Simple) +V(past participle) + C / O

To Like To Do To Be
I I I
have liked have done have been
You You You
He, She, It has liked He, She, It has done He, She, It has been
We We We
You have liked You have done You have been
They They They

B- Past Perfect
Rule : S + Have (Past Simple) +V(past participle) + C / O

To Like To Do To Be
I I I
You You You
He, She, It had liked He, She, It had done He, She, It had been

We We We
You You You
They They They

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II. PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSES

A- Present Perfect Continuous

Rule : S + Have (Present Simple) + been + V(infinitive + ing) + C / O

To Like To Do To Be
I I I
have been liking have been doing have been being
You You You

He, has been liking He, She, has been doing He, She, has been being
She, It It It
We We We
You have been liking You have been doing You have been being

They They They

B- Past Perfect Continuous

Rule : S + Have (Past Simple) + been + V(infinitive + ing) + C / O

To Like To Do To Be
I I I

You You You

had been liking had been doing had been being
He, She, He, She, He, She, It
It It
We We We
You You You
They They They

UNIT 4 : FUTURE AND CONDITIONAL TENSES

I. FUTURE TENSES
A- Future Simple
Rule : S + will +V(infinitive) + C / O

To Like To Do To Be
I I I

You You You

will like will do will be
He, She, It He, She, It He, She, It
We We We
You You You
They They They

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 B- Future Perfect
Rule : S + will + Have + V(past participle) + C / O

To Like To Do To Be
I I I

You You You

will have liked will have done will have been
He, She, It He, She, He, She, It
It
We We We
You You You
They They They

C- Future Continuous or Progressive

Rule : S + will + Be + V(infinitive + ing) + C / O

To Like To Do To Be
I I I

You You You

He, She, It will be liking He, She, will be doing He, She, It will be being
It
We We We
You You You
They They They

II. CONDITIONAL TENSES

A- Conditional simple
Rule : S + would +V(infinitive) + C / O
To Like To Do To Be
I I I
You You You
He, She, It would like He, She, It would do He, She, It would be
We We We
You You You
They They They

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 B- Conditional Perfect
Rule : S + would + Have + V(past participle) + C / O

To Like To Do To Be
I I I

You You You

would have liked would have done would have been
He, She, He, She, It He, She,
It It
We We We
You You You
They They They

C- Conditional Continuous or Progressive

Rule : S + would + Be + V(infinitive + ing) + C / O

To Like To Do To Be
I I I
You You You
He, She, It would be liking He, She, would be doing He, She, It would be being
It
We We We
You You You
They They They

UNIT 5 : THE COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS

A. THE COMPARATIVE FORM

• We use the comparative and superlative form to compare and contrast different objects in English.
We use the comparative form to show the difference between two objects.
Example: New York is more exciting than Seattle.

• Use the superlative form when speaking about three or more objects to show which object is 'the
most' of something.
Example: New York is the most exciting city in the USA.

Here is a chart showing how to construct the comparative form in English. Notice in the example
sentences that we use 'than' to compare the two objects:

1- One Syllable Adjectives

add '-er' to end of the adjective (Note: double the final consonant if preceded by a vowel) remove the
'y' from the adjective and add 'ier'
Example: cheap - cheaper / hot - hotter / high - higher

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Example Sentences
Yesterday was hotter than today.
This book is cheaper than that book.

2- Two Syllable Adjectives Ending in '-y'

Example: happy - happier / funny - funnier

Example Sentences
I am happier than you.
That joke was funnier than his joke.

3- Two, Three or More Syllable Adjectives

place 'more' before the adjective
Example: interesting - more interesting / difficult - more difficult

Example Sentences
London is more expensive than Madrid.
This test is more difficult than the last test.
Here is a chart showing how to construct the superlative form in English:

B. THE SUPERLATIVE FORM

1- One Syllable Adjectives
place 'the' before the adjective and add '-est' to end of the adjective (Note: double the final consonant
if preceded by a vowel)
Example: cheap - the cheapest / hot - the hottest / high - the highest

Example Sentences
Today is the hottest day of the summer.
This book is the cheapest I can find.

2- Two, Three or More Syllable Adjectives

place 'the most' before the adjective
Example: interesting - the most interesting / difficult - the most difficult

Example Sentences
London is the most expensive city in England.
That is the most beautiful painting here.

3- Two Syllable Adjectives Ending in '-y'

place 'the' before the adjective and remove the 'y' from the adjective and add 'iest'
Example: happy - the happiest / funny - the funniest

Example Sentences
New York is the noisiest city in the USA.
He is the most important person I know.

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 C. IMPORTANT EXCEPTIONS
There are some important exceptions to these rules. Here are two of the most important exceptions:
good
• good - adjective
• better - comparative
• the best - superlative

Example Sentences
This book is better than that one.
This is the best school in the city.

bad
• bad - adjective
• worse - comparative
• the worst - superlative

Example Sentences
His French is worse than mine.
This is the worst day of my life.

far,
• far - adjective
• further, ou farther - comparative
• the furthest ou the farthest - superlative

D. ANSWER TO PRACTICE

1. Adjective/adverb2. comparative 3. superlitive 4. explanation

1 Good more good most good 'better' est irrégulier good, better, best
'redder' on double la dernière consonne lorsque
2 red redder reddest l'adjectif se termine d'une seule voyelle suivie d'une
seule consonne
'bigger' on double la dernière consonne lorsque
3 big bigger biggest l'adjectif se termine d'une seule voyelle suivie d'une
seule consonne
4 healthy healthier healthiest 'healthy' on change le 'y' en 'i' après une consonne
5 friendly friendlier friendliest 'friendlier' on change le 'y' en 'i' après une consonne
'more amusing' parce qu'avec 3 syllabes on emploie
6 amusing more amusing most amusing
'more'
7 bad worse worst 'worse' est irrégulier bad, worse, worst
more 'more intelligent' parce qu'avec 3 syllabes on emploie
8 intelligent most intelligent
intelligent 'more'
'more hopeful' parce qu'il y a 2 syllabes et le dernier
9 hopeful more hopeful most hopeful
est '-ful'
1 'more useful' parce qu'il y a 2 syllabes et le dernier est
0 useful more useful most useful
'-ful'
'hotter' on double la dernière consonne lorsque
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1 hot hotter hottest l'adjectif se termine d'une seule voyelle suivie d'une
seule consonnne
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1 more Most 'more determined' parce qu'avec 3 syllabes on emploie
2 determined
determined determined 'more'
1 'paler' on ajoute 'r' (sans 'e') si l'adjectif se termine déjà
3 pale paler palest
d'un 'e'
1
4 silly sillier silliest 'sillier' on change le 'y' en 'i' après une consonne
1 'more jealous' parce qu'il y a 2 syllabes et le dernier
4 jealous more jealous most jealous
est '-ous'
1 'more graceless' parce qu'il y a 2 syllabes et le dernier
5 graceless more graceless most graceless
est '-less'
1
6 stout stouter stoutest 'stouter' est régulier
1
7 full fuller fullest 'fuller' est régulier
1 'more strained' parce que 'strained' a 2 syllabes et c'est
8 strained more strained most strained
un participe passé
1 'farther/further' pace qu'il est irrégulier (2 comparatifs
9 far farther/further farthest/furthest
sont possibles)
2 'more bored' parce que 'bored' a 2 syllabes et c'est un
0 bored more bored Most bored
participe passé

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 PART TWO: READING AND COMPREHENTION

TEXT 1: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT)

Information technology (IT) is the use of any computers, storage, networking and other physical
devices, infrastructure and processes to create, process, store, secure and exchange all forms of
electronic data. Typically, IT is used in the context of business operations, as opposed to technology
used for personal or entertainment purposes. The commercial use of IT encompasses both computer
technology and telecommunications. The Harvard Business Review coined the term information
technology to make a distinction between purpose-built machines designed to perform a limited scope
of functions, and general-purpose computing machines that could be programmed for various tasks.

What does information technology encompass?

The IT department ensures that the organization's systems, networks, data and applications all connect
and function properly. The IT team handles three major areas:
1. deploys and maintains business applications, services and infrastructure (servers, networks,
storage);
2. monitors, optimizes and troubleshoots the performance of applications, services and
infrastructure; and
3. oversees the security and governance of applications, services and infrastructure.
Most IT staff have different responsibilities within the team that break into several key areas including:
Administration, Support, Applications, Compliance.
• Administration. Administrators handle the day-to-day deployment, operation and monitoring
of an IT environment, including systems, networks and applications. Admins often perform a
range of other duties such as software upgrades, user training, software license management,
procurement, security, data management and observing adherence to business process and
compliance requirements.

• Support. Help desk staff specialize in answering questions, gathering information and directing
troubleshooting efforts for hardware and software. IT support often includes IT asset and
change management, helping admins with procurement, handling backup and recovery of data
and applications, monitoring and analyzing logs and other performance monitoring tools and
following established support workflows and processes.

• Applications. Businesses rely on software to perform work. Some applications are procured
and deployed from third parties, such as email server applications. But many organizations
retain a staff of skilled developers that create the applications and interfaces -- such as APIs --
needed to deliver critical business capabilities and services.

• Compliance. Businesses are obligated to observe varied government- and industry-driven

regulatory requirements. IT staff play a major role in securing and monitoring access to business
data and applications to ensure that such resources are used according to established business
governance policy that meets regulatory requirements.

Why is information technology important?

Computing has penetrated practically every part of business and much of our personal lives. The
ubiquity of computing -- also referred to as pervasive computing -- is another reason why IT is critical.
Computing devices have evolved well beyond personal computers and servers. Today, all businesses
and most individuals have and use multiple computing devices, including phones, tablets, laptops,
game consoles and even doorbells, thermostats, vacuums and many kitchen appliances. Virtually all

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these devices, many of which are part of the IoT, tap into the internet, which interconnects billions of
devices worldwide. It's a complex and, potentially, perilous environment that requires IT expertise for
management, security, maintenance and reliability.

Examples of information technology

So how is IT actually involved in day-to-day business? Consider five common examples of IT and
teams at work:
1. Server upgrade. One or more data center servers near the end of their operational and
maintenance lifecycle. IT staff will select and procure replacement servers, configure and
deploy the new servers, backup applications and data on existing servers, transfer that data and
applications to the new servers, validate that the new servers are working properly and then
repurpose or decommission and dispose of the old servers.
2. Security monitoring. Businesses routinely employ tools to monitor and log activity in
applications, networks and system IT staff receive alerts of potential threats or noncompliant
behavior -- such as a user attempting to access a restricted file -- check logs and other reporting
tools to investigate and determine the root cause of the alert and take prompt action to address
and remediate the threat, often driving changes and improvements to security posture that can
prevent similar events in the future.
3. New software. The business determines a need for a new mobile application that can allow
customers to log in and access account information or conduct other transactions from
smartphones and tablets. Developers work to create and refine a suitable application according
to a planned roadmap. Operations staff posts each iteration of the new mobile application for
download and deploy the back-end components of the app to the organization's infrastructure.
4. Business improvement. A business requires more availability from a critical application to
help with revenue or business continuance strategies. The IT staff might be called upon to
architect a high-availability cluster to provide greater performance and resilience for the
application to ensure that the application can continue to function in the face of single outages.
This can be paired with enhancements to data storage protection and recovery.
5. User support. Developers are building a major upgrade for a vital business application.
Developers and admins will collaborate to create new documentation for the upgrade. IT staff
might deploy the upgrade for limited beta testing -- allowing a select group of users to try the
new version -- while also developing and delivering comprehensive training that prepares all
users for the new version's eventual release.

Software vs. hardware

IT includes several layers of physical equipment (hardware), virtualization, management systems,
automation tools, operating systems, other system software and applications used to perform essential
functions. User devices, peripherals and software can be included in the IT domain. IT can also refer
to the architectures, methodologies and regulations governing the use and storage of data.

Software
There are two categories of software: system software and applications. System software encompasses
the computer programs that manage the basic computing functions. These applications make use of
programmed instructions to manipulate, consolidate, disperse and otherwise work with data for a
business purpose. Mobile applications that run on smartphones, tablets and other portable devices
typically connect with cloud or data center applications over the internet. These applications have
expanded the scope of computing and created a new category of software and telecommunications that
requires special expertise to maintain.

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 Hardware
There are many different types of computer hardware. Computer servers run business applications.
Servers interact with client devices in the client-server model. They also communicate with other
servers across computer networks, which typically link to the internet. Storage is another type of
hardware. It's any technology that holds information as data. Storage may be local on a specific server
or shared among many servers, and it may be installed on premises or accessed via a cloud service.

Computer science
Computer science focuses on the logic and design of the underpinnings of the components that IT
experts use to assemble business systems. A strong mathematics background is required to pursue a
computer science career. Much of the work in computer science involves developing the algorithms
and logic and writing the low-level code that enables computer systems to address business problems.

Careers in information technology

There is a wide array of IT careers, each with varying technological and managerial requisites. Among
the most common IT job titles are the following:
• Chief information officer (CIO). This person is responsible for IT and computer systems that
support the goals of the business.
• Chief technology officer (CTO). This person sets the technology goals and policies within an
organization.
• IT director. This person is responsible for the function of the business's technology tools and
processes. This role may also be called IT manager or IT leader.
• System administrator (sys admin). This person configures, manages, supports and
troubleshoots a multiuser computing environment. Within a business, this role can be divided
up by technology, requiring an administrator or team dedicated to server, desktop, network
administration, virtualization, or other components and technologies.
• Application manager. This person's role centers on the provisioning and management of a
high-value business application, such as Exchange.
• Developer or software engineer. This person or team writes, updates and tests code for
computer programs to meet internal or customer-facing business objectives.
• Chief IT architect or IT architect. This person examines and changes IT functions to best
support the business.
Adapted from internet
BY Rich Castagna & Stephen J. Bigelow, Senior Technology Editor
https://www.techtarget.com/searchdatacenter/definition/IT

I- COMPREHENSION AND VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT

A- ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

1. What does information technology encompass?
2. Why is information technology important?
3. Cite two examples of information technology
4. What is the particularity of Software?
5. What is the particularity of Hardware?
6. What is the use of computer science?
7. What are the careers information technology offers?

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B- MATCH THE EXPRESSIONS AND THEIR MEANING

1. Chief information officer

2. Chief technology officer
3. IT director
4. System administrator
5. Application manager.
6. Developer or software engineer
7. Chief IT architect

a- Architecte informatique en chef

b- Gestionnaire d'applications
c- Développeur ou ingénieur logiciel
d- Responsable de la technologie
e- Directeur informatique
f- Directeur de l'information
g- Administrateur système

C- SAY IF THE NEXT IDEAS ARE TRUE OR FALSE

1- Information technology is the use of computers to create forms of electronic data………………
2- Information technology is the neglect of computers in the process of electronic data ………....
3- Today, computing isn’t practically every part of business and our personal lives ………….….
4- Computing devices have evolved well beyond personal computers and servers ……………....
5- Computer science focuses on the logic of the underpinnings of the components…………..…..

II- TRANSLATION
A- TRANSLATE INTO FRENCH THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES
1- Computing has penetrated practically every part of business and much of our personal lives.

2- Today, all businesses and most individuals have and use multiple computing devices, including
phones, tablets, laptops, game consoles and even doorbells, thermostats, vacuums and many
kitchen appliances.

B- TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH SENTENCES BELOW

1- Pour sauver le serveur d'un centre de données proche de la fin de son cycle de vie opérationnel
et de maintenance, le personnel informatique sélectionne et achète des serveurs de
remplacement.

2- Puis, il configure et déploie les nouveaux serveurs, sauvegarde les applications et les données
sur les serveurs existants, transfère ces données et applications sur les nouveaux serveurs, valide
le bon fonctionnement des nouveaux serveurs.

3- L'entreprise détermine la nécessité d'une nouvelle application mobile permettant aux clients de
se connecter et d'accéder aux informations relatives à leur compte ou d'effectuer d'autres
transactions à partir de smartphones et de tablettes.

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TEXT 2: WHAT IS INFORMATION SYSTEM?

Many who come across the term information system for the first time think of it as some software
based on information storage or something like that. Well, the name does sound that way. However,
an information system is way bigger than that. So, what is an information system? An information
system is a combination of software, hardware, and telecommunication networks to collect useful data,
especially in an organisation. Many businesses use information technology to complete and manage
their operations, interact with their consumers, and stay ahead of their competition. Some companies
today are completely built on information technology, like eBay, Amazon, Alibaba, and Google.

Typical components of information systems

Now that you know what an information system is, let’s look at its components. It has five components
– hardware, software, data, and telecommunications.

1. Hardware – This is the physical component of the technology. It includes computers, hard disks,
keyboards, iPads, etc. The hardware cost has decreased rapidly while its speed and storage capacity
has increased significantly. However, the impact of the use of hardware on the environment is a huge
concern today. Nowadays, storage services are offered from the cloud, which can be accessed from
telecommunications networks.

2. Software – Software can be of two types, system software and application software. The system
software is an operating system that manages the hardware, program files, and other resources while
offering the user to control the PC using GUI. Application software is designed to manage particular
tasks by the users. In short, system software makes the hardware usable while application software
handles specific tasks. An example of system software is Microsoft windows, and an example of
application software is Microsoft Excel.

Large companies may use licensed applications which are developed and managed by software
development companies to handle their specific needs. The software can be proprietary and open
source, available on the web for free use.

3. Data – Data is a collection of facts and is useless by themselves, but when collected and organised
together, it can be very powerful for business operations. Businesses collect all the data and use it to
make decisions that can be analysed for the effectiveness of the business operations.

4. Telecommunications – Telecommunication is used to connect with the computer system or other

devices to disseminate information. The network can be established using wired or wireless modes.
Wired technologies include fiber optics and coaxial cable, while wireless technologies include radio
waves and microwaves.

Examples of information systems

Information systems have gained immense popularity in business operations over the years. The
future of information systems and their importance depends on automation and the implementation of
AI technology.

Information technology can be used for specialised and generalised purposes. A generalised
information system provides a general service like a database management system where software
helps organise the general form of data. For example, various data sets are obtained using a formula,
providing insights into the buying trends in a certain time frame.

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On the contrary, a specialised information system is built to perform a specific function for a business.
For example, an expert system that solves complex problems. These problems are focused on a specific
area of study like the medical system. The main aim is to offer faster and more accurate service than
an individual might be able to do on his own.

Types of information systems

There are various information systems, and the type of information system a business uses depends on
its goal and objective. Here are the four main types of information systems:
1. Operations support systems – The first type of information system is the operation support
system. Such type of information system mainly supports a specific type of operation in a
business. An example is the transaction processing system used in all banks worldwide. This
type of information system enables the service provider to assess a specific process of business.

2. Management information systems – This is the second category of information systems,

consisting of hardware and software integration allowing the organisation to perform its core
functions. They help in obtaining data from various online systems. The data thus obtained is
not stored by the system; rather, it is analysed in a productive manner to help in the management
of an organisation.

3. Decision support systems – An organisation can make an informed decision about its operations
using decision support systems. It analyses the rapidly changing information that cannot be
determined in advance. It can be used in completely automated systems and human-operated
systems. However, for maximum efficiency combination of human and computer-operated
systems is recommended.

4. Executive information systems – EIS or executive support system is the last category that serves
as management support systems. They help in making senior-level decisions for an
organisation.
Adapted from internet
By Emeritus, September 4, 2023
in https://emeritus.org/in/learn/information-system/

I- COMPREHENSION AND VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT

A- ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS (5P)

1- What is information system?
2- What is the goal of information system?
3- What do many businesses do with information technology?
4- What does Hardware represent or what is it?
5- How many types can Software be? Cite them.

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 B- MATCH THE EXPRESSIONS COLUMN A TO THEIR MEANING IN COLUMN
B (5P)

COLUMN A COLUMN B Link

1- Executive information systems
2- Operations support systems
3- Management information systems
4- Decision support systems
5- Specialised information system
a- Systèmes d'aide aux opérations
b- Systèmes d'aide à la décision
c- Systèmes d'information pour cadres
d- Système d'information spécialisé
e- Systèmes d'information de gestion

C- SAY IF THE NEXT IDEAS ARE TRUE OR FALSE (4P)

1- An information system is a separation of software, hardware, and telecommunication networks to
collect useful data ………………

2- No one uses information technology to complete and manage their operations, interact with their
consumers, and stay ahead of their competition.………………

3- Hardware is the physical component of the technology ………...

4- Application software is designed to manage particular tasks by the users ………….

II- TRANSLATION

A- TRANSLATE INTO FRENCH THE BELOWING ENTENCES (3P)

1- Un système d'information spécialisé est construit pour remplir une fonction spécifique pour une
entreprise. (1P)

2- Ces problèmes sont axés sur un domaine d'étude spécifique, comme le système médical. L'objectif
principal est d'offrir un service plus rapide et plus précis que ce qu'un individu pourrait faire seul.
(2P)

B- TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH SENTENCES BELOW(3P)

1- Les systèmes d'aide à la décision permettent à une organisation de prendre des décisions éclairées
sur ses activités. (1P)

2- Ces systèmes analysent les informations qui évoluent rapidement et qui ne peuvent être
déterminées à l'avance. (1P)

3- Les systèmes d'aide à la direction constituent la dernière catégorie de systèmes d'aide à la direction.
Ils aident à prendre des décisions au niveau de la direction d'une organisation. (1P)

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