Power System operation & Control

Experiment No. - 05

Title:- To study load frequency control with integral control by professional software.
Aim:- To study load frequency control with integral control for isolated power system in
MATLAB/SIMULINK environment..
Apparatus/Software:
1. MATLAB
Theory:
With the speed governing system installed on each machine the steady state load frequency characteristics
for a given speed changer setting has considerable droop. Scheduled frequency can be achieved by
adjusting speed changer setting. But system could undergo intolerable frequency changes with load. The
best solution may be speed changer setting be adjusted automatically by monitoring the frequency changes.
For this purpose, a signal from ∆𝑔 is fed through an integrator to speed changer resulting in block diagram
as shown in fig. below. PI controller gives zero steady state error.

Fig. proportional plus integral load frequency control

The signal delta pc(s) generated by integral control must be opposite in sign by delta f(s) which
occurs for –ve sign in block diagram for integral controllers
Problem: The parameters for load frequency control of a single area are

An integral controller with gain Ki=0.09 is now used to reduce steady state error. What is the dynamic
response of the system?

PROCEDURE-

1. Start MATLAB/Simulink.
2. Drag and drop all important blocks required to construct given block diagram as shown in fig.7.a
3. Connect all blocks as shown in fig.7.a and construct block diagram.
4. Put the desired values of all time constants and gains, change in power demand in each required
blocks.
5. Check and verify results analytically by using formula
6. Compare result.

Conclusions- The performing the experiment we a conclude that we have observed & studied about load
frequency control by using a approximate load model for isolated power system by using MATLAB.

Answer the following Question.

1. Write short notes on generator rate constraint.