MOOD DISORDERS
Mood
- sustained and pervasive emotion subjectively
experienced and reported by the patient, and is
observable to others (e.g. include depression,
elation, anger)
Mood Disorders
- involve disabling disturbances in emotion -
from the extreme sadness and disengagement
of depression to the extreme elation and
irritability of mania
2 broad types
- involves only depressive symptoms
- involves manic symptoms (bipolar disorder)
DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS
 Cardinal symptoms: profound sadness and/or
an inability to experience pleasure
 Self-recriminations (harsh sa sarili)
 focused on their flaws and deficits
 very negative light, tend to lose hope
Physical symptoms:
- fatigue
- low energy
- physical aches and pains
 Hard to fall asleep and may wake up
frequently
 Others sleep throughout the day
 Appetite is gone or experience an increase in
appetite
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
 An episodic disorder - symptoms tend to be
present for a period of time and then clear
 Tend to recur - once a given episode clears, a
person to likely to experience another episode
 2/3rds will experience atleast 1 more episode
during their lifetime
Subclinical Depression
- sadness plus 3 other symptoms for 10 days
- significant impairment in functioning even
though full diagnostic criteria are not met
SPECIFIERS OF MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS
- specify the features of the latest depressive
episode
- these symptoms, or specifiers, may or may not
accompany a depressive disorder
- when they do, they are often helpful in
determining the most effective treatment or
likely course
- in addition to rating severity of the episode as
mild, moderate or severe
Psychotic features
- individual in the midst of a major depressive
(or manic) episode may experience psychotic
symptoms, specifically hallucinations and
delusions
Mood Congruent - consistent with the
depressed mood
Mood Incongruate - do not seem consistent
with the depressive mood
Anxious distress specifier - the presence and
severity of accompanying anxiety
- indicates a more severe condition, makes
suicidal thoughts and completed suicide more
likely, and predicts a poorer outcome from
treatment
Mixed features specifier
- predominantly depressive episodes that have
several (atlest 3) symptoms of mania
Melancholic features specifier
- the specifier applies only if the full criteria for
MDE have been met
- some of the more severe somatic (physical)
symptoms, such as early-morning awakenings,
weight loss, loss of libido (sex drive), excessive
or inappropriate guilt, and anhedonia
(diminished interest or pleasure in activities)
Catatonic Features Specifiers
- this serious condition involves an absence of
movement (a stuporous state) or catalepsy, in
which the muscles are waxy and semirigid, so a
patient's arms or legs remain in any position in
which they are placed
Atypical Features Specifier
- individuals with this specifier consistently
oversleep and overeat during their depression
and therefore gain weight
Peripartum onset specifier
- peri means "surrounding", in this case the
period of time just before and just after the
birth. This specifier can apply to both major
depressive and manic episodes
Seasonal pattern specifier
- it accompanies episodes that occur during
certain seasons (e.g. winter depression)
- in bipolar disorder, individuals may become
depressed during the winter and manic during
the summer
- atleast 2 years with no evidence of
nonseasonal major depressive episodes
occurring during that period of time. This
condition is called seasonal affective disorder
(SAD)
Persistent Depressive Disorder
 Dysthymia
 Chronic Depression
 Chronically depressed - more than half of the
time for atleast 2 yrs (or 1 yr for children and
adolescents)
Chronic Depressive Disorder
- characterized by either Chronic Major
Depressive Disorder or a chronic but milder
form of depression
- typically begins in childhood or adolescence
and tends to follow a chronic course through
adulthood
Double Depression
- applies to those who have major depressive
episode superimposed on a longer-standing
dysthymia
- have more severe depressive episodes than
people with major depression alone
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
- intended to apply to women who experience a
range of significant psychological symptoms in
the week before menses (and improvement
beginning w/in a few days following the onset of
menses)
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
- severe recurrent temper outbursts and
persistent negative mood for atleast 1 yr
begining before age 10
Gender Difference in Depression
- MDD twice as common in women than men
(similar discrepancy occurs in many countries)
- Differences emerge in adolescence
- Some biological and psychological factors may
include
 Some biological and psychological factors
may include;
- Hormone
- Girls twice as likely to experience sexual abuse
- women more likely to experience chronic
stressors (cs- affects both mind and body)
- girls and women more likely to worry about
body image
- women may react more intensely to
interpersonal loss
- women spend more time ruminating; men
tend to distract

 range of symptoms need to be present to

diagnose PM including symptoms such as
- mood swings
- sudden tearfulness or feeling of sadness
- depressed mood or feelings of hopelessness
- irritability or anger
- feelings of anxiety
- tension
- being on edge
- greater sensitivity to cues of rejection
- and negative thoughts about oneself