Study of rate of

evaporation of
different liquids
This project would not have been
possible without the kind support and
help of many
individuals. I would like to thank our
principal, Mr.Bipin Bihari Singh for his
priceless motivation. I would also like to
thank my chemistry teacher; whose valuable
guidance helped me patch this project. I
would like to thank my parents for their
heartfelt support and encouragement. My
thanks to my fellow classmates in developing
the project.
 INDEX
I. OBJECTIVE
II. THEORY
III. MATERIALS RECQUIRED
IV. PROCEDURE
V. OBSERVATION
VI. CONCLUSION
VII. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Rate of Evaporation of Different
Liquids

Objective of Project
In this project, we shall investigate
various factors such as nature of
liquid,
surface of liquid and temperature and
find their correlation with the rate of
evaporation of different liquids.

THEORY
Factors influencing
rate ofEvaporation:-
1. Concentration of the substance
evaporating in the air.

If the air already has a high

concentration of the substance
evaporating, then the givensubstance
will evaporate more slowly.

2. Concentration of other substances in

the air.

If the air is already saturated with other

substances, it can have a lower
capacity forth substance evaporating.

3. Temperature of the substance.

If the substance is hotter,
then evaporation will be faster.

4. Flow rate of air.

This is in part related to the
concentration points above. If fresh
air moves over the substance all the
time,
then the concentration of thesubstance
in the air is less likely to go up with
time, thus encouraging faster
evaporation. In addition, molecules in
motion have more energy than those at
rest, and so the
stronger the flow of air, the greater the
evaporating power of the
airmolecules.

5. Inter-molecular forces.

The stronger the forces keeping the

molecules together in the liquid or solid
state the more energy that must be
input in order to evaporate them.

6. Surface area and temperature.

The rate of evaporation of liquids
varies directly with temperature. With
the
increase in the temperature, fraction
of molecules having sufficient kinetic
energy to escape out from the surface
alsoincreases. Thus with the increase
in temperature rate of evaporation also
increases. Molecules that escape the
surface of the liquids constitute the
evaporation.Therefore larger surface
area contributes accelerating
evaporation.

7. Nature of Liquids
The magnitude of inter-molecular
forces of attraction in liquid determines
the
speed of evaporation. Weaker the
inter- molecular forces of attraction
larger are the extent of evaporation.

8. Density
The higher the density, the slower
a liquid evaporates.

9. Pressure

In an area of less pressure,

evaporation happens faster because
there is less
exertion on the surface keeping the
molecules from launching themselves.

MATERIALS REQUIRED

APPARATUS:

. Three petridishes of diameter 10

cm with covers.
. 10 ml pipette.
 . Stop watch.

CHEMICALS:

. Acetone
. Benzene
. Chloroform
 Fig 0.1: Petridish used for experiment

Experiment no. 1
Aim:
To compare the rates of evaporation
of acetone, benzene and chloroform.

Requirement:
Three same size Petri dishes of
diameter 10 cm, 10 ml. pipettes,
stop watch, acetone benzene and
chloroform.

Procedure:
.Clean and dry all Petri dishes
and identify them as A, B and C.
.Pipette out of 10 ml. acetone in
Petri dish "A" with stopper similarly
pipette out of 10 ml. of
benzene and chloroform in each of
Petri "B" and "C".
.Remove the cover plates from all
Petri dishes and start the stop watch.
.Let the Petri dishes remain exposed for
10 minute. Now cover each of the
 petridish and note the volume
of remaining material in them.

Observation:
Time: 10 min = 600 Sec.

Liqui
Petri Vol.
d Volume
dishes Taken
remainin Evap. Rate (V/T) ml./s
Marke
(V1) g (V2) V=V1
d -V2
ml. ml.
8/600=0.013
A 10 2 8 3
7/600=0.011
B 10 3 7 6
C 10 4 6 6/600=0.010

Results:
Rate of evaporation of Acetone is
0.0133 ml/s.
Rate of evaporation of Benzene is
0.0166 ml/s.
Rate of evaporation of Chloroform
is 0.010 ml/s.

Conclusion:
The intermolecular forces of
acetone, benzene and chloroform are in
order.
Chloroform > Benzene > Acetone.
Fig1.1 Intermolecular forces

Experiment no. 2
Aim:
To study the effect of surface area on
the rate of evaporation of diethyl ether.
Requirement:
Three petri dishes of diameter 2.5
cm, 5cm, 7.5 cm with cover, 10 ml of
pipette and stop watch.

Procedure:
. Clean and dry all petridishes and
mark them as A, B and C.
. Pipette out 10 ml of diethyl ether
in each of the petridish A, B and C
and cover them immediately.
. Uncover all the 3 petridish and start
the stopwatch.
. Note the remaining volume after
10 minutes.

Observation:
Time: 10 minutes = 600 seconds.
Petri
Diameter of Volume Taken Remaining Evaporated
dishes
P.T.Ds. (ml.) Vol. (ml.) volume
Marked

A 2.5 10 4 6
B 5.0 10 2 8
C 7.5 10 0 10

Result:
The order of evaporation of acetone
in three petridish are as 7.5 > 5.0 > 2.5.

Conclusion:
Larger the surface area, greater
the evaporation.
Fig 2.1 Different petridishes with different surface areas.

Experiment 3
Aim:
To study the effect of temperature on
rate of evaporation of acetone.
Requirement:
Two petridish of 5 cm diameter,
stop watch, 10 ml pipette,
thermometer,
thermostat.

Procedure:

. Wash, clean, dry the petridish

and mark them as A,B
. Pipette out 10 ml of acetone in each
of the petridish and cover them.
. Put one at room temperature and
heat the other.
. Note the reading.
Observation:

Time taken 10 minutes = 600 seconds.

 Petri
Time Evaporate
dishes Temperatur Volume Take
(Sec. d volume
Marke e (0C) n (ml.)
) (ml.)
d
A 10 30 10 10
B 20 40 10 10

Result:
Evaporation during heating is greater
than evaporation at room temperature.

Conclusion:
Evaporation increases with increase
in temperature.
Fig 3.1: Heating a petridish.

CONCLUSION
Rate of evaporation of the given
three liquids is in the order:
Chloroform=0.0133 ml./s
Benzene=0.0116ml./s
Acetone=0.010ml./s
Chloroform > Benzene > Acetone

.The intermolecular forces of

acetone, benzene and chloroform are
in order.
.Chloroform > Benzene > Acetone.
.Larger the surface area, greater
the evaporation.
.Evaporation increases with increase
in temperature.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

. WWW. WIKIPEDIA. ORG

.. WWW
WWW.. CHEMWORLD
QUORA. COM . COM
. WWW. ICBSE. COM
NAME – ABHISHEK KERKETTA
CLASS – 11
SEC – CEDAR
ROLL NO – 01
SESSION – 2022-2023
PROJECT – STUDY OF RATE OF
EVAPORATION OF DIFFERENT LIQUID