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Abstract of ASTM F436 2000
Abstract of ASTM F436 2000
Abstract of
WASHERS ASTMF436
1993 (R 2000)
IFI NOTES:
3. ASTM F436 washers are specifically designed for use with A325
and A490 high strength strUctural bolts, see page E-28 and E-37.
I 1.2 The washers are designated by type de- 1.2.2.1 Circular - Circular washers in nominal
noting the material and by style denoting the bolt sizes 1/4 through 4 in. suitable for applica-
shape. tions where sufficient space exists and angular-
ity permits.
1.2.1 The types of washers covered are:
1.2.2.2 8eveled - Beveled washers are square
1.2.1.1 Type 1- Carbon steel. or rectangular, in nominal sizes 1/2 through
1-1/2 in., with a beveled 1 to 6 ratio surface for 4.2 Washers up to and including 1-1/2 in. in
use with American standard beams and chan- bolt size shall be through hardened. Washers
nels. over 1-1/2 in. may be either through hardened
or carburized at the option of the manufacturer.
1.2.2.3 Clipped - Clipped washers are circular
or beveled for use where space limitations ne- 4.3 Zinc Coatings, Hot-Dip and Mechanically
cessitate that one side be clipped. Deposited:
NOTE 1 - A complete metric companion to Specification
F436 has been developed - Specification F436M; there- 4.3.1 When zinc coated washers are required,
fore no metric equivalents are presented in this specifica- the purchaser shall specify the zinc coating pro-
tion. cess, for example, hot-dip. mechanically depos-
ited, or no preference.
2. Referenced Documents
4.3.2 When hot-dip is specified, the washers
(Refer to the complete specification, see shall be zinc coated by the hot-dip process in
page N-38.) accordance with the requirements of Class C of
ASTM A153, page 8-230.
3. Ordering Information
4.3.3 When mechanically deposited is speci-
3.1 Orders for hardened steel washers un- fied, the washers shall be zinc coated by the me-
der this specification shall include the following: chanical-deposition process in accordance with
3.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue, the requirements of Class 50 of ASTM 8695,
page 8-233.
3.1.2 Quantity (number of pieces by size),
4.3.4 When no preference is specified, the
3.1.3 Type and Style (see 1.2.1 and 1.2.2), supplier may furnish either a hot-dip zinc coat-
ing in accordance with ASTM A 153, Class C, or
3.1.4 Zinc Coating - Specify the zinc coating
a mechanically deposited zinc coating in accor-
process required, for example, hot-dip, mechani-
dance with ASTM 6695, Class 50. Threaded
cally deposited, or no preference (see 4.3),
components (bolts and nuts) shall be coated by
3.1.5 Dimensions, nominal size, and other di- the same zinc coating process and the supplier's
mensions, if modified from those covered in this option is limited to one process per item with no
specification. mixed processes in a lot.
3.1.6 Specify if inspection at point of manu- 4.4 If washers are heat treated by a subcon-
facture is required, (see 11.1), tractor, they shall be returned to the manufac-
turer for testing prior to shipment to the pur-
3.1.7 Specify if manufacturer's certification or chaser.
test reports , or both, are required, (see 13), and
I
3.1.8 Special requ irements. 5. Chemical Composition
4. Materials and Manufacture 5.1 Type 1 and Type 3 washers shall con-
form to the requirements as to chemical compo-
4.1 Steel used in the manufacture of wash- sition prescribed in Table 1. For Type 3, see
ers sha ll be produced by the open-hearth, ba- Guide ASTM G101 for methods of estimating
sic-oxygen, or electric-furnace process. corrosion resistance of low alloy steels.
5.3 Individual heats of steel are not identi- 8.1 Washers shall be free of excess mill
fied in the finished product. scale, excess coatings and foreign material on
bearing surfaces. Arc and gas cut washers shall
5.4 Chemical analyses shall be performed be free of metal spatter.
in accordance with Test Methods, Practices , and
Terminology ASTM A751. 9. Sampling and Number of Tests
(Refer to the complete speCification.)
6. Mechanical Requirements
I
of two readings shall be taken 180 deg apart on
6.2 Carburized washers shall be carburized
at least one face at a minimum depth of 0.015
to a minimum depth of 0.015 in. and shall have
in.
a surface hardness of 69 to 73 HRA or 79 to 83
HR15N, except when zinc coated by the hot-dip 10.1.2 Carburized Washers - A minimum of
process , in which case they shall have a hard- two readings shall be taken 180 deg apart on at
ness of 63 to 73 HRA or 73 to 83 HR15N. least one face.
-+-++ -1-+
518 9m 7132
5116'"
318
11116
13/16
11132
13132
0.051
0.051
0.051
0.080
0.080
0.080
9/32
11132
7116 59/64 15132 0.051 0.080 '3/32
,Q 1-1116 17132 0.097 0.177 7/16
518 1-5116 11116 0.122 0.177 9116
314 1-15132 13116 0.122 0.177 21132
,
718 1-314
2
15/16
1-118
0.136
0.136
0.177
0.177
25132
718
,
1-118 2-1/4 1-1/4 0.136 0.177
1-1/4 2-112 1-318 0.136 0.177 1-3J32
'-318 2-3/4 1-112 0.136 0.177 1-7132
3
,-3/,
1-112
3-318
1-5/8
1-718
0.136
0.178
0.177
0.28
1-5/16
1-17132
2 3-3/4 2-118 0.178 0.28 1-3/4
2-114 , 2-318 0.24 0.34 2
2-112 4-112 2-518 0.24 0.34 2-3/16
2-314 5 2-718 0.24 0.34 2-13132
3 5-112 3-118 0.24 0.34 2-518
3-1/4 6 3-318 0.24 0.34 2-718
3-,Q 6-112 3-518 0.24 0.34 3-1116
3-3/4
, 7-112
7 3-718
4-118
0.24
0.24
0.34
0.34
3-5116
3-112
See Notes , 2 2 4 3
NOTES;
I
(1) Nominal washer sizes are intended for use with comparable nominal bolt, screw and stud diam-
eters.
(2) Tolerances are given in Table 4.
(3) Clipped edge, E, shall not be closer than 0.875 times the nominal bolt diameter from the center
of the washer.
(4) Washer sizes 1-3f4 and 2 in. are intended 10 be of 3116 in. nominal thickness material, and
washer sizes 2-1/4 in. and larger of 114 in. nominal thickness material.
r-
T T t
! (+\ T
B - - r- B f+\ 1
I \ ./ \...e./
~ - ~~
L B---.J
SQUARE SQUARE CLIPPED
Nom Edge
In Thickness
'". Dimension, In. Diameter, In.
'". Distance, In.
1/2 1-3/4 17/32 5/16 1:6 7/16
5/8 1·314 11116 5116 1:6 9/16
3/4 1-3/4 13/16 5/16 1:6 21/32
7/8 1.J14 15116 5116 1:6 25/32
1 1-3/4 1-118 5116 1:6 7/8
1-1/8 2-114 1-1/4 Sf16 1:6 1
'-1f4 2-1f4 1·3/8 5116 1:6 1-3/32
1-3/8 2-1f4 1-1/2 5116 1:6 1-7132
1-1/2 2-1/4 1-5/8 5116 1:6 1-5/16
See Notes 1 2. 3 2 4
NOTES.
(1) Nominal washer sizes are intended for use with comparable nominal bott, screw and stud diameters.
(2) Tolerances are given in Table 4.
(3) Non-clipped washers may be rectangular providing neither side dimension is less than 8.
(4) Clipped edge, E, shall not be closer than 0.875 times the nominal bolt diameter from the canter of the
washer.
I
Nom outside diameter or side, in. ± 1/32 ± 1f16 ± 116
Flatness: max deviation from straightedge placed on
0.010 0.015 0.032
cut side shall oot exceed (in.)
Concertricily, in.: certer of twlle 10 outside diameter 0.030 FIR 0.090 FIR 0.250 FIR
BlSr shall oot project above immediately ad)acert
0.010 0.015 0.025
washer strlace more lhan (in.)
FIR IS f~llfldlcator readll"g.
10.2 Hardness tests shall be performed in erably be in different locations and, when on the
accordance with the Rockwell test method speci- same level, shall be separated by at least two
fied in ASTM F606, page 8-204. spaces.
14.1 The party responsible for the fastener 16.1.1 Unless othef'llolise specified, packaging
shall be the organization that supplies the fas- shall be in accordance with Practice ASTM
tener to the purchaser and certifies that the fas- D3951 .
tener was manufactured, sampled, tested and
16.1.2 When special packaging requirements
inspected in accordance with this specification
are required , they shall be defined at the time of
and meets all of its requirements.
the inquiry and order.
15. Product Marking 16.2 Package Marking:
15.1 Washers shall be marked with a symbol, 16.2.1 Each shipping unit shall include or be
or other distinguishing marks, to identify the plainly marked with the following information:
manufacturer or private label distributor, as ap-
propriate. 16.2.1.1 ASTM designation and type,
16.2.1 .2 Size,
15.2 Additionally, Type 3 weathering steel ..'
washers shall be identified with the symbol "3". 16.2J3 Name and brand or trademark of the
manufacturer,
15.3 Additional identification or distinguishing
marks, or both, may be used by the manufac- 16.2.1.4 Number of pieces,
turer. 16.2.1.5 Purchase order number, and
15.4 All marking symbols shall be depressed 16.2.1.6 Country of origin.
on one face of the washer.
17. Keywords
15.5 Type and manufacturer's or private la-
bel distributor's identification shall be separate 17.1 carbon steel; steel; washers; weathering
and distinct. The two identifications shall pref- steel