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Kutani 23
Kutani 23
Physical properties of Kutani-ware glaze were investigated considering the glaze slurry's particle size distribu-
tion. Even for identical glaze compositions, physical properties, such as the thermal expansion coefficient,
changed with the amount of coarse particles in the glaze. The amount of quartz remaining in the glaze after firing
was strongly influenced by the amount of coarse particles in the glaze slurry. The thermal expansion coefficient
of the glaze was calculated using the Appen factor; the value was approximately equal to the experimental one.
Too much quartz in the glaze after firing rendered the glass parts in the product inhomogeneous and its composi-
tion became rich in alkaline elements. In contrast, less quartz in the glaze after firing yielded homogeneity of
glass parts in the product and created a silica-rich composition. The amount of residual quartz in the glaze must
affect the crazing and over-glaze color exfoliation. Received October 23, 2006; Accepted June 14, 2007
Key-words : Particle size distribution, Glaze, Remaining quartz, Crazing, Over-glaze color exfoliation
Fig. 2. Content of SiO 2 and K2O in glaze samples. a SiO 2, b K2O empty bar: all glaze, filled bar: over 20 mm particles.
Fig. 3. XRD profiles of glaze samples. a Before firing, b after firing at 1280 C, c after firing at 1280 C 3 times
A: Grinding time 5 h, B: grinding time 10 h, C: grinding time 15 h, D: grinding time 20 h, E: grinding time 25 h.
Fig. 5. Result of crazing test. A: A-glaze, grinding time 5 h, B: B-glaze, grinding time 10 h, C: C-glaze, grinding time 15 h, D: D-glaze, grinding
time 20 h, E: E-glaze, grinding time 25 h.
Fig. 7. SEM image of cross section of glaze. a A-glaze, grinding time 5 h, b C-glaze, grinding time 15 h, c E-glaze, grinding time 25 h.
quartz in the glaze influences the chemical compositional escape easily from among the particles, but because large air
change of the glassy phase of glaze. Consequently, it affects bubbles cannot escape easily from among the particles, it is
the thermal expansion. The quantity of the remaining quartz possible that they remain inside the glaze. The E-glaze has few
in the glaze changes with the amount of coarse particles; coarse particles; therefore, it has narrow inter-particle spaces.
moreover, the chemical composition that becomes a glassy Therefore, the air bubbles cannot escape easily from inside of
phase changes. If much residual quartz exists, the glassy phase the glaze. It is possible that they remain belt-like inside the
of the glaze will serve as a composition with much alkali, and glaze.
the thermal expansion coefficient will be large. On the other It can be inferred that the conditions of air bubble occur-
hand, a small residual amount of quartz will alter the glaze to rence are related closely to the quantity of coarse particles in
approach the preparation composition. The glaze glassy phase the glaze. Air bubbles inside the glaze are known to influence
serves as a chemical composition with much silica, and the the pottery texture. Therefore, the control of air bubbles
thermal expansion coefficient becomes small. The difference might express the pottery texture. Figure 8 shows the result of
of the actual measurements observation and the final calcu- mapping using EDX of Si and Al in glaze. Here, Si, which is
lated value calculation 3 is the result of small cracks and considered to originate from SiO2, is concentrated and dis-
small air bubbles that exist in the glaze. tributed over the surface of air bubbles. Thereby, it is explain-
3.5 Observation of a glaze section able that air bubbles that originate in the coarse particles are
Figure 7 shows cross sectional photographs of A-, C-, and hard to dissolve. In the A-glaze, which contains many coarse
E-glazes. Many air bubbles were generated in the glaze. particles, Si is considered to represent the particles of quartz
Although the air bubble size differed according to the detected along with the crazing part. Moreover, Si is detected
amounts of coarse particles, the bubbles were generated in layers on the glaze surface, and fine quartz particles might
mostly in the interface with the ceramic body. The air bubbles exist in the glaze surface. Although this might confirm the
of the E-glaze had the uniform size of ca. 30 mm. The A-glaze C-glaze, confirmation of E-glaze was incomplete. Further-
air bubble size was 10–100 mm, perhaps because of the differ- more, Al had a low distribution in the A-glaze, and a high dis-
ences of the coarse particles contained in the glaze. Large par- tribution in the E-glaze. Results clarified that glazes contain-
ticles can block a dense filling. For that reason, during firing, ing many coarse particles tended to generate deviations of
viscosity is high because of the numerous coarse particles. composition, along with large air bubbles, in the glaze.
Consequently, the dissolved glassy phase has difficulty enter-
ing spaces between particles. For the A-glaze, because many 4. Conclusion
coarse particles exist, the generated air bubbles can escape Results of this study clarified that, even given identical
easily from among the particles. The small air bubbles can preparation compositions of glazes, physical properties differ
Hiroshi TAKAHASHI et al. Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 115 [ 8 ] 2007 465
Fig. 8. Mapping by using EDX. a Si of A-glaze, b Si of C-glaze, c Si of E-glaze, d Al of A-glaze, e Al of C-glaze, f Al of E-glaze
A-glaze: grinding time 5 h, C-glaze: grinding time 15 h, E-glaze: grinding time 25 h.
after firing according to the different amounts of coarse parti- position distribution of the glaze is homogeneous. Therefore,
cles of the glaze slurry. It is easy to generate crazing and it is cracks progress and over-glaze color exfoliation occurs.
difficult to generate exfoliation of the over-glaze color if many
coarse particles larger than 20 mm exist in the glaze. Moreover,
References
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