3.

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Electropneumatics Circuit Design
Muhammad Redzuan Che Noordin

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

POLITEKNIK UNGKU OMAR
3.1 Introduction to Electro Pneumatics
Pneumatic circuits can be controlled by electric
circuits. The interface between these two
circuits is a solenoid valve. Solenoid valves
perform the same function as normal pneumatic
valves but there are operated electrically.

Inside the solenoid valve, there is a coil of wire

through which an electric current is passed. It
produces a magnetic field which attracts an iron
armature. The movement of the armature
operates the valve.

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 Electro-Pneumatics’ circuit
Electro pneumatic is integration of two control circuit • Pneumatic Circuit • Electrical Circuit
• Pneumatic Circuit
• Electrical Circuit

Combination of Pneumatic circuit and Electrical circuit

Muhammad Redzuan Che Noordin

SIGNAL FLOW AND COMPONENT
4

3
Directional control valves
form the interface between
the signal controls Section
(electrical) and the
pneumatic power section
in an Electro-pneumatic

2
system.

Electro-Pneumatic control system

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INPUT ELEMENT COMPONENT
S W I T C H E S There are 3 types of electrical switches used in design
Electro-pneumatic circuit. Changeover switch

1. Normally Open switch

2. Normally Close switch
3. Changeover switch

S E N S O R S 1. Mechanical Position sensor (Limit switch)

2. Proximity sensor
3. Reed switch

Mechanical Position sensor Proximity sensor Reed switch

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N O R M A L LY O P E N ( N . 0 ) A N D N O R M A L LY C L O S E ( N . C )
PNEUMATIC
In pneumatic circuit In electrical circuit
Electro-
For example : Pneumatic For example :
3/2-way Push button (valve) control system Push button switch

N.O
N.C

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 Type of actuation Limit switch Rotary switch Electrical signal input unit

01

Push-button with normally open

contacts manually actuated by
pushing
actuation
02

Rotary switch with normally Electrical signal input unit (symbols)

open contacts manually
actuated by turning

03

Limit switch with normally

open or normally closed
contacts, mechanically
actuated

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R E L A Y S
Relay has a few functions as a safety device

The high voltage output (i.e. 240V) can be switched ON

through a contactor using relay with low voltage (i.e. 24V)
supplied to a coil.

The high current output can be switched ON through a

contactor using relay with low current supplied to a coil.
Relay Triple
Functioned as Safety control circuit for emergency power
cut-off (EMERGENCY START and STOP button) to the
whole circuit.

Use in automation process →Switching more than one outputs

simultaneously using relay with a coil and multiple contactors.

To control ON and OFF of various outputs sequences using several

Relay.

Relay Triple (symbols)

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 Switching Contact and type of actuation

Switching Contact

Normally Normally Changeover Mechanically

-open contact -closed contact contact connected contacts

Relay Triple

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 Switching symbols for solenoid coils and relays

Contact relay

Solenoid coils
Relay

Mechanically
connected contacts

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 Proximity sensors
Ultrasonic Proximity Sensor
Ultrasonic sensors emit an ULTRASONIC PULSE WHICH IS REFLECTED by objects in its
path and the reflected wave enters the sonic cone. They employ sound waves to detect
objects, so color and transparency do not affect them (though extreme textures might). The proximity sensors are
available in different categories as
Magnetic proximity sensor per their detection. Some
Base on the mechanical principle, this sensor only detects the MAGNETIC
proximity sensors are useful to
field (e.g. Permanent magnet). They sense the presence of a magnetic detect materials; whereas some
object, commonly referred to as the target. The target, characterized by its are useful to detect different
magnetic field, triggers the switching process; when it enters the detection
range of the sensor.
environmental conditions upon
these classifications proximity
Inductive proximity sensor sensors types are as follow.
The inductive proximity sensors are useful to detect the METALLIC
object which is present next to their active side. This sensor operate
under the electrical principal of inductance; where a fluctuating current
induces an electromotive force(EMF) in a target object.

Capacitive proximity sensor

The capacitive proximity sensors can detect both METALLIC AND NON-
METALLIC targets in powder, granulate, liquid, and solid form. The
capacitive proximity sensors use the variance in the capacitance of the
sensor to concluded that an object has been detected.

Optical proximity sensor

A complete optical proximity sensors includes a light source, and a sensor
that detects the LIGHT. These sensors detect objects directly in front of them
by the detecting the sensor’s own transmitted light reflected back from an
object’s surface.

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 C O M PA R I S I O N O F
PROXIMITY
SENSORS

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3.2 MOVEMENT FOR
ONE CYLINDER
3.2 M O V E M E N T FOR ONE CYLINDER
DIRECT CONTROL INDIRECT CONTROL

Position when cylinder is extended Position when cylinder is retracted

Position when cylinder is extended Position when cylinder is retracted

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E L E C T R O P N E U M AT I C C I R C U I T D I A G R A M
ELECTRICAL MEMORY CIRCUIT
Latching for Memory

Dominant set Dominant Reset

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 ELECTRICAL MEMORY CIRCUIT

Latching Circuit with Dominant ON Latching Circuit with Dominant OFF

Circuit is in latched position Circuit is in unlatched position Circuit is in latched position Circuit is in unlatched position

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 L O G I C O P E R AT I O N
A N D C I R C U I T O R C I R C U I T

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S O L E N O I D VA LV E G O R U P S

Multiple Cylinder Circuits

with double solenoid valve

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M E M O R Y C I R C U I T W I T H D O U B L E S O L E N O I D V A L V E

Forward Return

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L I M I T S W I T C H E S W I T H R O L L E R L E V E R A C T U A T I O N

OPERATION EXAMPLE CIRCUIT

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3.3
M U L T I P L E
C Y L I N D E R
C I R C U I T S

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3.3 M U L T I P L E C Y L I N D E R C I R C U I T S

Pneumatic circuit diagram Electro pneumatic circuit diagram

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M U L T I P L E C Y L I N D E R C I R C U I T S

Sequence

A+ B+ B- A-

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3.4 P L C
3.4 P R O G R A M M A B L E LOGIC CONTROLLER
PLC

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THANK YOU
PNEUMATIC & HYDRAULICS
Muhammad Redzuan Che Noordin