BRITISH STANDARD BS 5599:1993

Incorporating
Amendment No. 1

Specification for

Hard anodic oxidation

coatings on aluminium
and its alloys for
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engineering purposes

ICS 25.220.20; 77.120.10

 BS 5599:1993

Committees responsible for this

British Standard

The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Surface

Treatments and Coatings Standards Policy Committee (STC/-) to Technical
Committee STC/32, upon which the following bodies were represented:

Aluminium Federation
Aluminium Finishing Association
Aluminium Window Association
Association of Builders’ Hardware Manufacturers
British Lock Manufacturers’ Association
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British Metal Finishing Suppliers’ Association

Institute of Corrosion
Institute of Metal Finishing
Metal Finishing Association
Ministry of Defence

This British Standard, having

been prepared under the
direction of the Surface
Treatments and Coatings
Standards Policy Committee,
was published under the
authority of the Standards
Board and comes
into effect on
15 November 1993
Amendments issued since publication
© BSI 03-2001

First published September 1978

Amd. No. Date Comments
Second edition November 1993
10943 March 2001 Indicated by a sideline
The following BSI references
relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference STC/32
Draft for comment 91/57252 DC

ISBN 0 580 22159 8

 BS 5599:1993

Contents

Page
Committees responsible Inside front cover
Foreword ii
Introduction 1
1 Scope 1
2 References 1
3 Definitions 1
4 Information to be supplied by the purchaser 2
5 Appearance 2
6 Thickness 2
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7 Surface density 2
8 Wear/abrasion resistance 2
9 Vickers microhardness 4
10 Corrosion resistance 4
Annex A (normative) Abrasion testing 5
Annex B (normative) Preparation of standard specimen for abrasion
wheel testing and abrasion jet testing 6
Annex C (normative) Taber abrasion test method 6
Annex D (informative) Sampling procedures 7
Annex E (normative) Breakdown voltage 7
Annex F (normative) Process qualification and approval 7
Annex G (informative) Packaging and delivery of anodized articles 7
Annex H (informative) Guidance on hard anodizing processes 8
Table 1 — Acceptance values for the abrasive wheel test 3
Table 2 — Acceptance values for the abrasive jet test 3
Table 3 — Acceptance values for the Taber abrasion resistance test 3
Table 4 — Minimum values for the Vickers microhardness test 4
Table A.1 — Comparison of nozzles used in abrasive jet testing 5
List of references 9

© BSI 03-2001 i
 BS 5599:1993

Foreword

This revision of BS 5599 was prepared under the direction of the Surface
Treatments and Coatings Standards Policy Committee. It specifies requirements
for hard anodic oxidation coatings on aluminium and its alloys for engineering
purposes. It supersedes BS 5599:1978, which is withdrawn.
This revision of BS 5599 differs from the previous edition in that it includes
information to be supplied by the purchaser, on the selection of aluminium or
aluminium alloy, on thickness of anodic oxidation coating, on special
characteristics required and on process qualification and approval.
This revision also includes informative annexes on sampling procedures,
packaging and delivery of anodized articles and on some processes used with hard
anodic oxidation coatings.
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A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii,
pages 1 to 9 and a back cover.
The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the
document was last issued.
Sidelining in this document indicates the most recent changes by amendment.

ii © BSI 03-2001

Introduction
Hard anodizing is an electrolytic treatment which
results in the formation of a hard, and usually thick,
coating of alumina used primarily for engineering
purposes.
Hard anodizing can be applied to cast or wrought
aluminium and aluminium alloys. Alloys containing
greater than 5 % copper and/or 8 % silicon and die
casting alloys, however, require special anodizing
procedures. To obtain optimum microhardness,
wear resistance or low surface roughness
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characteristics, low alloy contents should be
selected.
Unless otherwise specified, articles are anodized
after all heat treatment, machining, welding,
forming and perforating operations are completed.
The best results are achieved on machined surfaces.
Sharp edges should be machined to a radius of at
least 10 times the intended thickness to avoid
“burning” and/or spalling.
Hard anodizing will usually result in a dimensional
increase on each surface equal to about 50 % of the
coating thickness. The dimensions of the component
prior to anodizing should allow for this, if necessary.
The coating needed for most thickness applications
is generally within the range of 25 µm to 150 µm.
Low thickness (up to 25 µm) is used in a variety of
applications, such as splines and threads. Normal
thickness (typically 50 µm to 80 µm) is sufficient for
wear or insulation requirements. High thickness
(up to 150 µm) is used for repairing purposes, but
thick coatings tend to be softer. Very hard coatings
reduce the fatigue strength. This can be minimized
by reducing thickness and/or by sealing.
Hard anodic oxidation coatings are mainly used to
obtain:
resistance to wear through abrasion or erosion;
electrical insulation;
thermal insulation;
build-up (repairing of parts out of tolerance on
machining or wear);
resistance to corrosion (when sealed).
The properties and characteristics of hard anodic
oxidation coatings are significantly affected by both
the alloy and the method of production.
Consequently for the purposes of this standard
materials are classified into five alloy groups as
follows.
© BSI 03-2001
BS 5599:1993
class 1 : all wrought alloys except those in
class 2
class 2a) : 2 000 series alloys
class 2b) : 5 000 series alloys containing 2 % or
more magnesium and 7 000 series
alloys
class 3a) : casting alloys with less than 2 %
copper and/or 8 % silicon
class 3b) : other casting alloys
1 Scope
This British Standard specifies requirements for
hard anodic oxidation coatings on aluminium and
its alloys including test methods.
In addition to the definitive requirements, this
standard also requires the items detailed in clause 4
to be documented. For compliance with this
standard, both the definitive requirements and the
documented items have to be satisfied.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
This British Standard incorporates, by reference,
provisions from specific editions of other
publications. These normative references are cited
at the appropriate points in the text and the
publications are listed on the inside back cover.
Subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of
these publications apply to this British Standard
only when incorporated in it by updating or revision.
2.2 Informative references
This British Standard refers to other publications
that provide information or guidance. Editions of
these publications current at the time of issue of this
standard are listed on the inside back cover, but
reference should be made to the latest editions.
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this British Standard, the
following definitions apply.
3.1
lot
articles of the same nominal composition and
temper which are processed together
3.2
lot acceptance tests
tests on a production lot to determine the conformity
to the requirements of this specification
1
 BS 5599:1993

3.3 Unless otherwise required for “fitness for purpose”

significant surface
the part of the article covered, or to be covered, by
the coating, for which the coating is essential for
serviceability and/or appearance
4 Information to be supplied by the
purchaser
The following information to be supplied by the
purchaser shall be fully documented. Both the
definitive requirements specified throughout the
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by the purchaser [see clause 4 d)], the coating
thickness shall be in the range 40 µm to 60 µm.
Measurement shall be made using either the
non-destructive eddy current method in accordance
with BS 5411-3:1984, or the destructive
microscopical method in accordance with
BS 5411-5:1984. In the case of dispute, the
microscopical method in accordance with
BS 5411-5:1984 shall be used.
Measurement of thickness or, where relevant, final

standard and the following documented items shall
be satisfied before a claim of compliance with the
standard can be made and verified:
a) the number of this British Standard,
i.e. BS 5599;
b) the material designated (alloy and temper);
c) the extent of significant surface(s);
d) the range of thickness of the anodic oxidation
coating required (see clause 6);
e) the preferred position and sizes of the contact
(jigging) marks (see clause 6);
f) where relevant, final dimensional tolerances
(see clause 6);
g) any special characteristics required such as
corrosion resistance (see clause 10), freedom from
surface scratches (see clause 5) or lot hardness
requirements (see clause 9);
h) any requirements for measurement of
breakdown voltage (see annex E);
i) any requirements for process qualification and
approval (see annex F).
5 Appearance
The significant surface, as conforming to the
purchaser’s requirement [see clause 4 c)], shall be
completely anodized and the visual appearance
shall be substantially uniform. There shall be no
spalling, blistering nor powdery (burnt) areas.
Visual examination for flawed areas, including
surface scratches [see clause 4 g)], shall be a lot
acceptance test.
NOTE Crazing or microcracks are not normally a reason for
rejection.
dimension, shall be a lot acceptance test
[see clause 4 f)].
7 Surface density
The surface density (coating mass per unit area),
when measured in accordance with BS 6161-1:1984,
on unsealed anodic oxidation coatings with a normal
thickness of 50 µm ± 5 µm, shall have the following
minimum values:
class 1 : 1 100 mg/dm2
class 2 : 950 mg/dm2
class 3a) : 950 mg/dm2
NOTE If the coating thickness is not 50 µm then the surface
density should be corrected proportionately.
8 Wear/abrasion resistance
8.1 Abrasive wheel method
When determined in accordance with A.2, using the
abrasive wheel test method conforming to
BS 6161-9:1987, the final value for loss in coating
thickness or loss in coating mass shall be that from
an average of at least three tests when using a load
of 19.6 N and silicon carbide paper of 240 mesh size.
The acceptance values shall be in accordance
with Table 1.

6 Thickness
Thickness shall be measured on the significant
surfaces, but no measurement shall be made
within 5 mm of areas of contact (jigging) marks, as
conforming to the purchaser’s requirements
[see clause 4 e)], nor in the immediate
neighbourhood of a sharp edge.

2 © BSI 03-2001
 BS 5599:1993

Table 1 — Acceptance values for the abrasive Table 2 — Acceptance values for the abrasive
wheel test jet test
Alloy Number of Relative mean specific Alloy Relative mean specific
double abrasion resistance abrasion resistance acceptance
strokes acceptance value value (comparative to standard
(comparative to specimen, see annex B)
standard specimen, %
see annex B)
% Class 1 7 80
Class 1 800 – 100 7 80 Class 2a) 7 30
Class 2a) 400 – 100 7 30 Class 2b) 7 55
Class 2b) 800 – 100 7 55 Class 3a) 7 55 ü or by agreement,
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Class 3a) 400 – 100 7 55 ü or by ý see note 2

Class 3b) 7 20 þ
ý
Class 3b 400 – 100 7 20 þ agreement, NOTE 1 Relative mean specific abrasion resistance
see note 2
mean wear rate of test specimen ´ 100
( RMSAR ) = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
mean wear rate of standard specimen
NOTE 1 Relative mean specific abrasion resistance
mean wear rate of test specimen ´ 100 where the wear rate is the time (in s) or mass of abrasive (in g)
( RMSAR ) = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- to remove 1 µm coating thickness.
mean wear rate of standard specimen
where the wear rate is the loss in thickness (or mass) per unit NOTE 2 Castings are not always suitable for wear/abrasion
double stroke. testing because of the surface conditions and/or structure of the
anodic oxidation coating. In the unusual event of class 3 alloys
NOTE 2 Castings are not always suitable for wear/abrasion requiring to be tested, then the wear/abrasion resistance
testing because of the surface conditions and/or structure of acceptance values should be agreed between anodizer and
the anodic oxidation coating. In the unusual event of class 3 purchaser and may require special reference panels.
alloys requiring to be tested, then the wear/abrasion
resistance acceptance values should be agreed between 8.3 Taber test method
anodizer and purchaser and may require special reference
panels. When determined in accordance with annex C, the
Taber abrasion acceptance values shall be as given
8.2 Abrasive jet method in Table 3.
When determined in accordance with A.3, using the Table 3 — Acceptance values for the Taber
abrasive jet test method conforming to abrasion resistance test
BS 6161-10:1987, the final value for the mass of
Alloy Maximum loss in mass
silicon carbide or time required to penetrate the
coating shall be that from an average of at least mg
three tests. Class 1 15
The acceptance values shall be in accordance
Class 2a) 35
with Table 2.
Class 2b) 25
Class 3 See note
NOTE Castings are not always suitable for wear/abrasion
testing because of the surface conditions and/or structure of the
anodic oxidation coating. In the unusual event of class 3 alloys
requiring to be tested, then the wear/abrasion resistance
acceptance values should be agreed between anodizer and
purchaser and may require special reference panels.

© BSI 03-2001 3
 BS 5599:1993

9 Vickers microhardness 10 Corrosion resistance

The Vickers microhardness of anodic oxidation
coatings, when measured in accordance with
BS 5411-6:1981, using a load of 0.05 kg, on a coating
with a thickness of 25 µm to 60 µm, shall have the
minimum values given in Table 4.
Table 4 — Minimum values for the Vickers
microhardness test
Alloys Microhardness number
Class 1 350
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NOTE 1 This test is only applicable to sealed oxidation
coatings.
If a corrosion test is required by the purchaser
[see clause 4g)] the anodic oxidation coating shall be
tested for 336 h in accordance with BS 7479:1991
(neutral salt spray test).
A test piece with a nominal anodic oxidation coating
thickness of 50 µm shall not, after 336 h exposure to
neutral salt spray, show any corrosion pits except
those within 1.5 mm of jigging marks or corners. If

the test piece is a test panel, it shall have the

Class 2a) 250
minimum dimensions of 120 mm × 60 mm.
Class 2b) 300 NOTE 2 Failure of this test may indicate flaws or
discontinuities in the anodic oxidation coating and not
Class 3a) 250 necessarily a sealing failure.
NOTE Coatings of thickness greater than 60 µm may have
lower microhardness values, especially in the outer regions.

4 © BSI 03-2001

Annex A (normative)
Abrasion testing
A.1 General
Wear/abrasion resistance shall be measured on
unsealed anodic oxidation coatings.
NOTE Abrasion resistance can be measured on sealed anodic
oxidation coatings but hydro-thermal sealing and/or dyeing can
reduce the wear/abrasion resistance by up to 50 %.
Wear/abrasion resistance shall be tested by one of
the following methods:
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a) in accordance with A.2, using the abrasive
wheel test method conforming to BS 6161-9:1987;
or
b) when the abrasive wheel method is not
appropriate (e.g. on some curved surfaces), in
accordance with A.3, using the abrasive jet test
method conforming to BS 6161-10:1987, which
method gives an average for whole coating
thickness; or
c) in accordance with the Taber test
(see annex C).
A.2 Abrasive wheel testing
Abrasion testing in accordance with BS 6161-9:1987
has shown good correlation between hardness and
surface density and it is therefore the preferred test
method.
The time between hard anodizing and abrasion
testing shall be at least 24 h. During this period the
test pieces shall be stored in the test environment.
The greater surface roughness of hard anodic
oxidation coatings can cause measurement
difficulties, so the top 2 µm ± 2 µm of coating should
be abraded to produce a more reproducible starting
point by a pretest abrasion of 100 double strokes.
Class 2a) alloys tend to be much less
abrasion-resistant than class 1 alloys so a lower
number of test double strokes is specified in order to
remove about 5 µm per 400 double strokes.
The increased abrasion resistance of hard anodic
oxidation coatings requires the use of a higher
load (19.6 N) and coarser silicon carbide
paper (240 mesh size) than those specified.
© BSI 03-2001
BS 5599:1993
A standard specimen (see annex B) shall be tested
each day under the same conditions as used for the
samples. For some applications comparative
wear/abrasion testing using an agreed reference
specimen, rather than a standard specimen, may be
preferred (see 7.3 of ISO 8251). When loss in coating
thickness is measured, each thickness value shall be
the average of 10 readings in the area of test.
NOTE If loss in coating mass is used, it is important that there
be no delay between weighing and testing or between testing and
reweighing.
A.3 Abrasive jet testing
The abrasive jet test method is particularly suitable
for components of complex or asymmetrical shape.
The method described in BS 6161-10:1987 permits
the use of two different nozzle assemblies to be used.
The nozzle shown in Figure 2 in BS 6161-10:1987
uses high air velocities and low air flow rates. This
results in very rapid abrasion and the time to
penetrate the coating is normally measured.
The nozzle shown in Figure 3 in BS 6161-10:1987
uses low air velocities and high air flow rates. This
results in much longer test times
(approximately 10 times) and the weight of abrasive
medium used to penetrate the coating is normally
measured.
Table A.1 shows requirements for both nozzle types.
The time between hard anodizing and abrasion
testing shall be at least 24 h. During this period the
test pieces shall be stored in the test environment.
Table A.1 — Comparison of nozzles used in
abrasive jet testing
Nozzle characteristic See Figure 2 of See Figure 3 of
BS 6161-10:1987 BS 6161-10:1987
Air pressure (kPa) 15 15
Air flow rate (1/min) 15 ± 1 67 ± 2
Abrading medium
mesh size (µm) 106 150
Abrading medium
flow rate (g/min) 25 ± 1 25 ± 1
5
 BS 5599:1993

Annex B (normative) Annex C (normative)

Preparation of standard specimen for
abrasion wheel testing and abrasion
jet testing
A standard anodized specimen for comparison
purposes in the abrasion test shall be prepared from
polished or bright-rolled aluminium sheet as
follows:
aluminium specification: Al 99.5 (1050A)
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Taber abrasion test method
C.1 Principle
The abrasion resistance of a hard anodic oxidation
coating is measured by the controlled relative
movement over a fixed area of coating of an abrasive
medium under load conditions.
The Taber test is a destructive test which requires
two resilient abrasive wheels each with a 1 kg load
to be carried around such that the abrasion path is

Al min. 99.5 %
in the form of two areas repeatedly criss-crossing
(m/m)
over an area of approximately 0.3 dm2. The abrasive
temper: H4 residue is continually sucked away.
nominal test specimen
C.2 Apparatus
size: 140 mm × 70 µm
thickness: at least 2 mm C.2.1 Taber abrader wear test apparatus
radius: at least 2 mm NOTE The test equipment requires test pieces
nominally 100 mm × 100 mm × 2 mm thick and is normally
The following processing conditions shall apply. only appropriate for test panels.
Pretreatment shall consist of degreasing only C.2.2 A pair of Taber CS 17 resilient calibrase
(light caustic etching, electropolishing or abrasive wheels
chemical polishing is permissible). C.2.3 100 µm (150 mesh) silicon carbide
For anodizing, the composition of the bath shall abrasive paper (S11)
be as follows: C.2.4 Desiccator
free sulfuric acid: 180 g/l ± 2 g/l C.2.5 Balance, with 0.1 mg precision.
aluminium: 1 g/l to 5 g/l
C.3 Preparation of the abrasive wheels
remainder: deionized water
Clean the abrasive wheels, for 50 cycles,
Conditions of anodizing shall be as follows: using 100 µm (150 mesh) silicon carbide paper,
temperature: 0 °C ± 0.5 °C after each 10 000 cycles.
current density: 3.5 A/dm2 ± Every 40 000 cycles, reface the abrasive wheels
using a diamond grinding tool. Care should be taken
0.35 A/dm2 to remove as little material as possible.
strong agitation: with compressed air The maximum duration for use of grinding wheels
is 1 year after delivery.
anodizing time: 40 min
anodic coating thickness: 50 µm ± 5 µm C.4 Preparation of the test pieces

The coating shall be unsealed and air dried.
The standard specimen shall be anodized vertically
with the longer axis horizontal in the bath,
maintaining vigorous agitation over the anode
surface, and smooth direct current with not more
than 5 % ripple. Not more than 20 standard
specimens shall be anodized at one time, and the
volume of the electrolyte shall be not less than 10 l
per standard specimen.
NOTE 1 The standard specimens are most accurate and
reproducible if anodized singly with careful control of all the
conditions.
NOTE 2 Standard specimens at the present time have inherent
variations of ± 10 %.
Allow at least 24 h to elapse between hard anodizing
and abrasion testing. During this period, store the
test pieces in the test environment.
C.5 Procedure
Carry out the following procedure.
a) Place the test piece on the wheel stand which
has been set to rotate at 60 r/min ± 2 r/min
or 70 r/min ± 2 r/min.
b) Set both CS 17 abrasive wheels (C.2.2) and
load each of them with 1 kg of test piece.
c) Place the dust extractor nozzle within 0.8 mm
to 1.5 mm of the test piece.
d) Start the extractor.

6 © BSI 03-2001

e) Set the cycle selector on 1 000 cycles.
f) Start the abrader rotating.
g) When the apparatus stops, remove the test
piece from the wheel stand and place it in a
desiccator (C.2.4) for at least 16 h.
h) Weigh the sample with 0.1 mg precision
(mass A).
i) Place again the test piece on the wheel stand.
j) Set CS 17 abrasive wheels.
k) Adjust the dust extractor nozzle.
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l) Start the extractor.
m) Set the cycle selector on 10 000 cycles.
n) Record the temperature and humidity.
o) Start the test abrader rotating.
p) When the apparatus stops, remove the test
piece from the wheel stand and place it in a
desiccator for at least 16 h.
q) Record the temperature and humidity at the
end of the test.
r) Reweigh the sample with 0.1 mg precision
(mass B).
C.6 Expression of results
The loss in mass L (in mg) shall be calculated using
the following equation:
L = (A – B)
where
A is the mass of test piece after 1 000 cycles
(in mg);
B is the mass of test piece after 10 000 cycles
(in mg).
C.7 Test report
The test report shall include the following
information:
a) a reference to the number of this
British Standard;
b) identification of the test specimen (including
alloy) and, if appropriate, the agreed reference
specimen;
c) the calculated value of loss in mass, in mg;
d) temperature and humidity recordings before
and after each test;
e) any other observation concerning the conduct
of the test or the nature of the test piece or test
area.
© BSI 03-2001
BS 5599:1993
Annex D (informative)
Sampling procedures
When a purchaser wishes to be assured that the
quality of a lot, or lots, of anodized work conforms to
the quality specified, it is recommended that
sampling be carried out in accordance with one of
the sampling plans given in BS 6001-1:1991, using
the guidance given in BS 6000:1972.
Thus, when a complete order, anodized in the same
plant, is delivered in a series of lots numbering three
or more, a sampling plan would be chosen on the
basis of an acceptable quality level (AQL) which
represents the average percentage of
non-conforming parts which the purchaser is
prepared to tolerate.
Annex E (normative)
Breakdown voltage
If required by the purchaser [see clause 4 h)], the
electrical breakdown voltage of the anodic oxidation
coating shall be determined in accordance with
BS 6161-15:1987. The minimum acceptable value of
breakdown voltage shall be agreed between the
purchaser and the anodizer.
Annex F (normative)
Process qualification and approval
When process qualification is required by the
purchaser [see clause 4 i)], sample parts and/or
panels shall be prepared for approval by the
purchaser before production commences.
Qualification items shall be processed according to
an identified process schedule and the items shall be
tested for conformity with the qualification
requirements. No deviation shall be permitted from
the process schedule without prior approval of the
purchaser.
Annex G (informative)
Packaging and delivery of anodized
articles
G.1 Packaging
Anodized articles should be packaged in such a way
as to ensure that the articles will be protected
during shipment and storage against damage due to
mishandling, exposure to the weather, or any
normal hazard.
7
 BS 5599:1993
G.2 Delivery
Anodized articles should be prepared for shipment
and delivery in accordance with good practice
prevailing in the industry, to assure carrier
acceptance and safe transportation to the point of
delivery. Packaging should conform to carrier rules
and regulations applicable to the mode of
transportation.
Annex H (informative)
Guidance on hard anodizing processes
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Hard anodizing is an electrolytic process requiring
good electrical and mechanical contact. Areas of
contact (jig points) will remain free from the coating.
Any non-aluminium parts will be attacked by the
process and should be masked along with any areas
required to be free from the coating. It is important
that any such requirements are discussed with the
processor to minimize risk and avoid damage to the
work pieces.
8 © BSI 03-2001
It is normal practice to clean and degrease items
prior to anodizing, but etching or pickling may also
be required. However, the latter may increase the
surface roughness and affect fatigue resistance.
Shot peening prior to processing may be used to
reduce any loss in fatigue properties.
Hard anodizing is normally carried out at low
temperatures in electrolytes based on sulfuric acid
and de-ionized water. Good agitation, solution
composition, temperature, current and voltage
control are essential to avoid damage to the coating
and/or component. Good design avoids unnecessary
crevices and bind holes to minimize the risk of
trapped residual acid electrolyte.
Hard anodic oxidation coatings vary in colour
depending upon variables such as alloy, heat
treatment, anodizing conditions (e.g. current
density and temperature) and coating thickness.
While hard anodizing can be dyed, colours (other
than black) tend to be modified by the natural colour
(silver to slate grey) of the coating.
The abrasion and wear resistance of hard anodic
oxidation coatings are not related to hardness of the
coating alone and can be markedly reduced by
post-anodizing processes such as sealing (for
corrosion resistance) or dyeing (for appearance).
Lapping or grinding can be used on coated items to
reach a precise dimension or to reduce surface
roughness. Coatings such as molybdenum disulfide
or PTFE can also be applied over hard anodic
oxidation coating to improve lubricity.
 BS 5599:1993

List of references (see clause 2)

Normative references

BSI standards publications

BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION, London

BS 5411, Methods of test for metallic and related coatings.

BS 5411-3:1984, Eddy current method for measurement of coating thickness of non-conductive coatings on
non-magnetic basis metals.
BS 5411-5:1984, Measurement of local thickness of metal and oxide coatings by the microscopical
examination of cross-sections.
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BS 5411-6:1981, Vickers and Knoop microhardness tests.

BS 6161, Methods of test for anodic oxidation coatings on aluminium and its alloys.
BS 6161-1:1984, Determination of mass per unit area (surface density) of anodic oxidation coatings
(gravimetric method).
BS 6161-9:1987, Measurement of wear properties with an abrasive wheel wear test apparatus.
BS 6161-10:1987, Measurement of mean specific abrasion resistance with an abrasive jet test apparatus.
BS 6161-15:1987, Determination of electrical breakdown potential.
BS 7479:1991, Method for salt spray corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres.

Informative references

BSI standards publications

BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION, London

BS 6000:1972, Guide to the use of BS 6001, sampling procedures and tables for inspection by attributes.
BS 6001, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes.
BS 6001-1:1991, Specification for sampling plans indexed by acceptable quality level (AQL) for lot-by-lot
inspection.

ISO standard publication

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION (ISO), Geneva. (Available from BSI Sales.)

ISO 8251:1987, Anodized aluminium and aluminium alloys — Measurement of wear resistance and wear
index of anodic oxidation coatings with an abrasive wheel wear test apparatus.

© BSI 03-2001 9
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Licensed Copy: neil solly act ltd 07/08/2008 19:36

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