AUG23 - ORNs

1. POLITY AND GOVERNANCE

DIGITAL PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION

ACT 2023

1.K.S. Puttaswamy case - 2017, the SC recognised privacy as a FR

2. Justice Srikrishna Committee - proposed the initial draft of the PDP Bill
3.DPDP Act 2023 - regulate the processing of digital personal data + ensuring individuals' right to protect their data
Principles - consented, lawful and transparent use of personal data | purpose limitation | data minimisation |data accuracy |storage limitation |
reasonable security safeguards | accountability |
Significance - Data protection law with min disruptions | Digital economy | ease of living & ease of doing business |
Provisions -Does not apply for any personal purpose | Consent will not be required for ‘legitimate uses | establishment of DPBI by the Central
government |
Limitations of Act - Exemptions for the State may violate FRs | Inadequate Safeguard | No compensation | Complicated approach to grievance
redressal | RTI Exemption | Clear definition | does not grant the right to data portability and the right to be forgotten | Cross-Border Data Governance

INDIA’S CRIMINAL LAWS

1. Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 replacing the Indian Penal Code (IPC), 1860. -
2. Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023 replacing the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), 1973.
3.Bharatiya Sakshya Bill 2023 replacing the Indian Evidence Act, 1872

Need of these bills - Addressing large pendency in courts (almost 4.7 crore cases are pending)| Timely justice delivery(undertrials - 70% of the
prison population) | Increasing conviction rates | Evolution of the criminal justice system | Erasing colonial legacy |

1.3. CEC AND OTHER EC BILL, 2023

Union Government introduced the Chief Election Commissioner and Other Election Commissioners (Appointment, Conditions of Service and Term of
Office) Bill, 2023, in Rajya Sabha - to replace the Election Commission (Conditions of Service of Election Commissioners and Transaction of
Business) Act, 1991.
CEC and EC - A324 | Anoop Baranwal Csae - SC declared that the President shall make appointment of CEC and the ECs on the advice of a Committee
(PM + LoO + CJI )

ELECTION PROCESS AND REFORM

COMMON ELECTORAL ROLL (CER) - India has two types of electoral rolls( General + Separate ) | A324 : ECI administers Union and State elections |
A243K(1) : the SEC in each state |
Issues in the Preparation of CER - Absence of permanent electoral roll | Delimitation frequency is less | Constitutional challenge as CER is ouside
scope of A325

FALSE DECLARATIONS DURING FILING OF NOMINATION FOR ELECTIONS - Candidates in elections must submit an Affidavit (Form 26) per the
Conduct of Elections Rules, 1961, disclosing assets, liabilities, education, etc | False information is a legal violation, punishable under Section 125A of
the RPA |

ESTABLISHING PARITY BETWEEN MINIMUM AGE OF VOTING AND CONTESTING ELECTIONS -

the age for contesting elections - LS (25yrs) + RS(30yrs) |Issues - Only 2.2% of Lok Sabha MPs are under the age of 30 | Recommendations -
Suggests reducing the minimum age requirement for candidacy in Assembly Elections + Prioritise providing comprehensive civic education program

GOVERNMENT OF NATIONAL CAPITAL

TERRITORY OF DELHI (AMENDMENT) ACT
2023

giving the Delhi Lt Governor (LG) more powers over the Delhi government wrt SC decision in the GNCTD vs. Union of India (2023) case. (The SC-
govt of Delhi had complete command over most services in the capital, leaving out public order, land, and police, over which the GoI has exclusive
powers The governance model of Delhi NCT - Classification as UT (A239) | special status on Delhi and designated it as NCTD (S Balakrishnan
Committee ) | The Delhi Legislative Assembly has the power to legislate over subjects in the State List & Concurrent List, except for police, public
order, and land |
Key provisions of the Act - Act establishes the NCCSA | expands the discretionary role of the LG | case of a difference of opinion between the LG and
the NCCSA, the former’s decision will be final. | Certain matters must be submitted to the LG by the ministers of the Delhi Government, |
Key issues with the Act - Act gives the central government control over the transfer and posting of officers in Delhi | Triple Chain of Accountability
broken wrt postings of officers | Violates collective responsibility | Enhanced discretion of LG | Non-clarity on controversial matters |
Different models - Capital as a federal district (Washington DC)| Capital as city-states (Berlin) | Capital as a city-in-a-state (Bern) | Capital as a full-
fledged state (Mexico City.)

NO-CONFIDENCE MOTION

motion: A legislative resolution introduced in the Lok Sabha that allows the Opposition to challenge the government's majority and ability to
govern | Article 75(3) | Rule 198 of RoPCB in LS |

GUIDELINES FOR CELEBRITIES,

INFLUENCERS, AND VIRTUAL INFLUENCERS

Key Provisions - Disclosure of all connected material b/w advisor & influencer | Due Diligence | For Health Influencer : Disclose Certification +
Disclaimer | Registration for Influencers with SEBI etc |
Need of the Guidelines - Affects decision-making of Consumers | Rising horizon of Influencers ( projected to be worth around Rs 2,800 crore by
2025) | Clarity for Celebrities and Influencers | Deceptive marketing

REGISTRATION OF BIRTH AND DEATH

(AMENDMENT) ACT, 2023

The registration of births and deaths falls under the Concurrent List. | Chief Registrar, District Registrar & Registrar to be appointed in every State
by the state government | appointment of a Registrar General of India by the Central Government |
Key features - Database of births and deaths | Electronic certificates | Linking with Aadhaar | Connecting database | Use of birth certificate |
Issues - Against FRs (Denying admission to school without a birth certificate may violate A 21A) | Sole conclusive proof of age | Surveillance state |

2. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

3. ECONOMY

4. SECURITY

5. ENVIRONMENT

6. SOCIAL ISSUES

7. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

8. CULTURE

9. ETHICS

10. SCHEMES IN NEWS