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Table of contents

Foreword 3
Acronyms 6
Executive summary 7
1 Introduction 9
1.1. Objectives, methodology, structure 9
1.2. Participants of the survey 10
1.3. Baseline from 2016 survey 11

2 Analysis of business integrity risks in the region 14

2.1. General business integrity climate 14
2.2. Key business integrity risks 15

3 Measures taken by governments to promote business integrity 20

3.1. Focus of government measures to promote business integrity 20
3.2. Enforcement of anti-bribery and conflict of interest rules 23
3.3. Reporting mechanisms and channels 24
3.4. Government incentives for integrity measures in the private sector 26
3.5. Transparency of ownership 31
3.6. Auditing requirements 32
3.7. Public procurement 33
3.8. Private sector’s views on and awareness of government actions to promote business
integrity 37

4 Measures taken by companies and business associations in the field of business

integrity 38
4.1. What motivates companies to implement anti-corruption measures? 38
4.2. Company-level measures to prevent and detect corruption 40
4.3. Internal enforcement, external reporting and legal action 43
4.4. Actions by business Associations 46

5 Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on business integrity and responsible business

conduct across the region 49
6 Conclusions and recommendations 51
6.1. Risk assessment and policy development 52

BUSINESS INTEGRITY IN EASTERN EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA © OECD 2022