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ENVIRO NMENTA L PRO DUCT D ECL AR ATIO N

Product Environmental Profile

Traction Rectifier PD-17S/3.3

Production site: Bielsko-Biała, Poland

REGISTRATION NUMBER IN COMPLIANCE WITH PCR-ED4-EN-2021 09 06

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VERIFIER ACCREDITATION NUMBER INFORMATION AND REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
VH42 www.pep-ecopassport.org

ISSUE DATE VALIDITY PERIOD

12-2022 5 years

INDEPENDENT VERIFICATION OF THE DECLARATION AND DATA, IN COMPLIANCE WITH ISO 14025: 2006

INTERNAL ☐ EXTERNAL ☒

THE PCR REVIEW WAS CONDUCTED BY A PANEL OF EXPERTS CHAIRED BY JULIE ORGELET (DDEMAIN)

PEP ARE COMPLIANT WITH XP C08-100-1 :2016 OR EN 50693:2019

THE ELEMENTS OF THE PRESENT PEP CANNOT BE COMPARED WITH ELEMENTS FROM ANOTHER PROGRAM.

DOCUMENT IN COMPLIANCE WITH ISO 14025: 2006 « ENVIRONMENTAL LABELS AND DECLARATIONS. TYPE III
ENVIRONMENTAL DECLARATIONS »

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EPD Owner ABB Switzerland Ltd, Group Technology Management

ABB Sp. z o.o.
Manufacturer name and
Switchgear and Energy Distribution Systems Factory
address
Rudawka 96, 43-300 Bielsko-Biała, Poland
Seila Rodriguez-Vilches
Company contact seila.rodriguez-vilches@ch.abb.com
Sustainability Product Manager
Reference product Traction Rectifier PD-17S/3.3

Traction Rectifier PD-17S/3.3 is electronic power converter, which converts AC

into DC. The panel consists of enclosed rectifying modules connected by bus
Product description
bars and controlled with additional electrical devices. Traction Rectifier PD-
17S/3.3 is used to power trains, metro, trams and trolleybuses.

The functional unit of this study is to convert AC into DC, with the use of
Functional unit semiconductor components, during a service life of 20 years and with a
demanded current level of 1700 A and use rate declared by duty class of device.
The reference flow is a single PD-17S/3.3 Traction Rectifier panel, including
Reference flow elements, flows and processes required to distribute, install, use, remove,
dismantle and process the reference product.
Reference lifetime 20 years

Product category Electrical, Electronic and HVAC-R products

The use phase has been modeled based on losses on power circuits i.e. diodes,
Use scenario
with the European energy mix.
Raw materials & Manufacturing: Europe / Global
Geographical Assembly: Poland
representativeness Distribution / Use: Europe
EoL: Europe
Technological Materials and processes data are specific for the production of Traction
representativeness Rectifier PD-17S/3.3
LCA Study This study is based on the LCA study described in the LCA report 2UFB103952

EPD type Unitary product declaration

EPD scope Cradle to grave

Year of reported
2021
primary data
LCA software SimaPro 9.3.0.3 (2022)

LCI database Ecoinvent v3.8 (2021)

LCIA methodology EN 15804:2012+A2:2019

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Contents
ABB Purpose & Embedding Sustainability .................................................................................... 4

General Information .........................................................................................................................5

Constituent materials..................................................................................................................... 6

LCA background information.......................................................................................................... 7

Inventory analysis ........................................................................................................................... 9

Environmental indicators .............................................................................................................. 11

Additional environmental information ........................................................................................ 13

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ABB Purpose & Embedding Sustainability

ABB is a leading global technology company that energizes the transformation of society
and industry to achieve a more productive, sustainable future. By connecting software to
its electrification, robotics, automation and motion portfolio, ABB pushes the boundaries
of technology to drive performance to new levels. With a history of excellence stretching
back more than 130 years, ABB’s success is driven by about 110 thousand talented
employees in over 100 countries.

ABB's Electrification business offers a wide-ranging portfolio of products, digital

solutions and services, from substation to socket, enabling safe, smart and sustainable
electrification. Offerings encompass digital and connected innovations for low and
medium voltage, including EV infrastructure, solar inverters, modular substations,
distribution automation, power protection, wiring accessories, switchgear, enclosures,
cabling, sensing and control.

ABB is committed to continually promoting and embedding sustainability across its

operations and value chain, aspiring to become a role model for others to follow. With its
ABB Purpose, ABB is focusing on reducing harmful emissions, preserving natural
resources and championing ethical and human behavior.

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General Information

ABB Switchgear and Energy Distribution Systems factory in the Bielsko-Biała produces
medium voltage products: switchgears, disconnectors, contactors, complete packages
and services for substations. Smart systems and technologies for electrical distribution
are supplied to utilities, industrial, and tertiary sector customers.
ABB Electrification business empowers smarter business operations by connecting
equipment, software, and services to protect, control, and optimize assets within
electrical infrastructures. Across multiple energy-intensive industries, the business
provides customers with end-to-end product and service solutions that help ensure the
reliability and protection of their electrical infrastructure.

The product declared in this Life Cycle Assessment is the PD-17S/3.3 Traction Rectifier.

Technical specification PD-17S/3.3

Rated voltage [V] 3300
Rated current [A] 1700
Rated insulation voltage [V] 4800
Duty cycle III

The accessories associated with these products are also included in the study.

Three-phase power supply is the most often used electricity source nowadays. However,
most urban public transportation infrastructures powered by electrical energy utilize
direct current. Therefore, to be able to power trains, metros, trams and trolleybuses, it is
necessary to use an electronic power converter. The Traction Diode Rectifiers are reliable
and cost-effective rectification solution for DC rail transportation.

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Constituent materials

PD-17S/3.3 Traction Rectifier weighs 1243,57 kg.

CAS Product Packaging

Materials Name % %
Number Weight [kg] Weight [kg]

Epoxy glass - 37,26 3,0 0 0,0

Plastics Epoxy resin 90598-46-2 16,02 1,3 0 0,0

Other
- 6,44 0,5 1 1,5
plastic
Steel 12597-69-2 558,95 44,9 0 0,0
Aluminum 91728-14-2 399,23 32,1 0 0,0

Metals Copper 7440-50-8 183,74 14,8 0 0,0

Other metal - 8,41 0,7 0 0,0
Stainless
65997-19-5 4,86 0,4 0 0,0
steel
Wood 67-56-1 0 0,0 65,1 98,5
Others
Other - 28,66 2,3 0 0,0
Total 1243,57 100 66,1 100

Epoxy glass
2.8% Copper
Epoxy resin
14.0%
1.2%
Other plastics
0.6%

Other metals
Steel
0.6%
42.7%
Stainless steel
0.4%

Aluminum
30.5%

Wood
5.0% Others
2.2%

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LCA background information

Functional Unit
The functional unit of this study is to convert AC into DC, with the use of semiconductor
components, during a service life of 20 years and with a demanded current level of 1700 A
and use rate declared by duty class of device. The reference flow is a single PD-17S/3.3
Traction Rectifier panel, including elements, flows and processes required to distribute,
install, use, remove, dismantle and process the reference product.

System Boundaries
The life cycle of the PD-17S/3.3 Traction Rectifier, an EEPS (Electronic and Electrical
Products and Systems), is a “from cradle to grave” analysis.

The following table shows the stages of the product life cycle considered in this study.

Manufacturing Distribution Installation Use End-of-Life (EoL)

• Acquisition of raw • Transport to • Installation • Usage • Transport

materials place of use
• EoL • EoL treatment
• Transport to the treatment
manufacturing site of
packaging
• Components/parts
manufacturing

• Assembly

• Packaging

• EoL treatment of
generated waste

Temporal and geographical boundaries

All primary data collected from ABB are from 2021, which is a representative production
year. Secondary data are provided by ecoinvent v3.8. The selected ecoinvent processes in
the LCA model have a global representativeness.

The results of this study are only applicable to PD-17 panels produced in Poland.

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Allocation rules
An allocation key is used for consumptions related to the manufacturing process in Poland
production site, as well for company waste. Since the factory produces several products
(apparatus and switchgears), only a part of the environmental impact has been allocated
to the PD-17 production line. Surface area of each product line was chosen as partition
coefficient, as most accurate representation of manufacturing and wastes share. The
amounts allocated to the production of traction rectifier were multiplied by time
operating coefficient of PD-17 and eventually divided by the total produced in 2021, which
was 12 panels.

For the end-of-life allocation, the “polluter pays” principle is adopted, as required by the
PCR. This means, waste treatment processes are allocated to the product system that
generates the waste until the end-of-waste state is reached. The environmental burdens
of recycling and energy recovery processes are therefore allocated to the product system
that generates the waste, while the product system that uses the exported energy and
recycled materials receives it burden-free.

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Inventory analysis

All primary data collected from ABB are from 2021, which was a representative production
year. The ecoinvent v3.8 cut-off by classification system processes are used to model the
background system of the processes.

Manufacturing stage
The PD-17S/3.3 Traction Rectifier weighs about 1243 kg, which is the total mass
considered for this study. In this analysis, glass fibers and their connectors are not
included as they are <0.1% of the total mass of the apparatus. All the components have
been modelled according to their specific raw materials and manufacturing processes.
About half of the inputs to the products manufacturing stage are already-produced
components.

Due to the lack of suppliers declaration for recycled content of raw materials, secondary
materials content was set to zero, as worst case scenario.

Utilities for ABB Switchgear and Energy Distribution Systems Factory are represented
with four types: electricity, heat, water and gas. Also, data for wastes collected from
factory was obtained and implemented into analysis.

The energy model used in manufacturing phase is Electricity, medium voltage {PL}| market
for | Cut-off, S.

Distribution
The transport distances from ABB plant to the place of use are assumed according to PCR
to be 3500 km by lorry – intracontinental transport.

Installation
The installation phase only implies manual activities, and no energy is consumed. This
phase also includes the disposal of the packaging of the PD-17 panel.

Use
Since no maintenance, excluding visual inspection, happens during the use phase, the
environmental impacts linked this procedure have been omitted from the analysis.

During the use phase, the PD-17 panel dissipates some energy due to loss in power
circuits, i.e. in diodes. Due to rectifier is not working with nominal current all the time,
reduction factors from load rate and use-time rate must be applied. They are modelled
according to the IEC 60146-1-1 standard and PSR for Electrical switchgear and control gear
Solutions.

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Depending on duty cycle, the assumed typical load conditions for 24 hours period can be
obtained. For duty class III, according to IEC 60146-1-1, the continuous current for load
profile is 0,787 per unit.
Considering the specific operating conditions for train transport, use-time rate of 95%
can be assumed.

The energy model used to model the use phase is Electricity, medium voltage {Europe
without Switzerland}| market group for | Cut-off, S.

End of life
The deinstallation only implies manual activities, and no energy is consumed. The end-of-
life stage of whole panel is modelled according to IEC 62635 - Annex D, example 2, which
is representative for Europe.
Energy model in end-of-life stage is a mix of European and global models, which come
from contribution in dataset used. No additional energy processes were used in this
stage.
The transport distances from the place of use to the place of disposal are assumed to be
1000 km, according to PCR.

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Environmental indicators

The following tables show the environmental impact indicators of the life cycle of a
functional unit, as indicated by the PCR and EN 50693:2019.

Impact
Unit Total Manuf. Distr. Install. Use EoL
category
GWP-total kg CO2 eq 7,28E+05 1,58E+04 4,13E+02 6,04E+01 7,11E+05 2,81E+02
GWP-fossil kg CO2 eq 7,04E+05 1,58E+04 4,12E+02 9,72E+00 6,87E+05 2,30E+02
GWP-biogenic kg CO2 eq 2,25E+04 6,83E+00 4,23E-01 5,07E+01 2,24E+04 5,08E+01
GWP-luluc kg CO2 eq 1,65E+03 3,15E+01 1,50E-01 3,58E-03 1,62E+03 1,32E-01
ODP kg CFC-11 eq 3,49E-02 7,18E-04 9,93E-05 2,01E-06 3,40E-02 3,21E-05
AP mol H+ eq 3,95E+03 2,43E+02 2,10E+00 4,87E-02 3,70E+03 9,63E-01
EP-freshwater kg P eq 7,06E+02 1,85E+01 2,59E-02 8,20E-04 6,87E+02 3,60E-02
EP-marine kg N eq 6,64E+02 2,21E+01 7,19E-01 1,79E-02 6,41E+02 4,02E-01
EP-terrestrial mol N eq 5,88E+03 2,91E+02 7,87E+00 1,89E-01 5,58E+03 3,13E+00
POCP kg NMVOC eq 1,60E+03 7,51E+01 2,35E+00 5,38E-02 1,52E+03 9,10E-01
ADP-m&m kg Sb eq 5,53E+00 3,91E+00 9,54E-04 2,85E-05 1,61E+00 1,60E-03
ADP-fossil MJ 1,48E+07 1,69E+05 6,48E+03 1,35E+02 1,46E+07 2,59E+03
WDP m3 1,64E+05 4,87E+03 2,24E+01 8,52E-02 1,59E+05 1,94E+01
PENRE MJ 2,55E+06 1,98E+04 8,25E+01 2,04E+00 2,53E+06 1,13E+02
PENRM MJ 2,30E+03 2,30E+03 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00
PENRT MJ 2,55E+06 2,21E+04 8,25E+01 2,04E+00 2,53E+06 1,13E+02
PERE MJ 1,48E+07 1,68E+05 6,48E+03 1,35E+02 1,46E+07 2,59E+03
PERM MJ 1,07E+03 1,07E+03 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00
PERT MJ 1,48E+07 1,69E+05 6,48E+03 1,35E+02 1,46E+07 2,59E+03
SM kg 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00
RSF MJ 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00
NRSF MJ 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00 0,00E+00
FW m3 1,24E+04 1,89E+02 7,71E-01 9,35E-03 1,22E+04 7,34E-01
HWD kg 9,09E+00 3,88E+00 1,57E-02 3,39E-04 5,19E+00 5,56E-03
N-HWD kg 5,30E+04 3,59E+03 6,07E+02 9,55E+00 4,84E+04 3,58E+02
RWD kg 1,08E+02 3,55E-01 4,39E-02 8,82E-04 1,07E+02 1,56E-02
MfR kg 1,45E+03 3,61E+02 0,00E+00 3,09E+01 0,00E+00 1,06E+03
MfER kg 9,15E+01 3,03E+01 0,00E+00 3,48E+01 0,00E+00 2,64E+01
Efp disease inc. 1,24E-02 1,37E-03 4,97E-05 9,15E-07 1,09E-02 1,83E-05
IrHH kBq U-235 eq 3,99E+05 8,18E+02 3,28E+01 6,81E-01 3,98E+05 1,78E+01
ETX FW CTUe 9,21E+06 1,61E+06 5,06E+03 1,12E+02 7,57E+06 2,80E+04
HTX CE CTUh 2,46E-04 5,29E-05 1,40E-07 4,94E-09 1,92E-04 1,25E-07
HTX N-CE CTUh 8,66E-03 2,28E-03 5,54E-06 1,84E-07 6,38E-03 4,49E-06
IrLS Pt 2,24E+06 9,23E+04 7,42E+03 1,14E+02 2,14E+06 3,28E+03

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Impact category Unit PD-17S/3.3

Biogenic Carbon content of the product kg 0

Biogenic Carbon content of the associated
kg 33,134
packaging

Environmental impact indicators

GWP-total Global Warming Potential total (Climate change)
GWP-fossil Global Warming Potential fossil
GWP-biogenic Global Warming Potential biogenic
GWP-luluc Global Warming Potential land use and land use change
ODP Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer
AP Acidification potential
EP-freshwater Eutrophication potential - freshwater compartment
EP-marine Eutrophication potential - fraction of nutrients reaching marine end compartment
EP-terrestrial Eutrophication potential -Accumulated Exceedance
POCP Formation potential of tropospheric ozone
ADP-m&m Abiotic Depletion for non-fossil resources potential
ADP-fossil Abiotic Depletion for fossil resources potential, WDP
WDP Water deprivation potential.
Resource use indicators
PENRE Use of renewable primary energy excluding renewable primary energy resources used
as raw material
PENRM Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw material
PENRT Total use of renewable primary energy resources (primary energy and primary energy
resources used as raw materials)
PERE Use of non-renewable primary energy excluding non-renewable primary energy
resources used as raw material
PERM Use of non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw material
PERT Total use of non-renewable primary energy resources (primary energy and primary
energy resources used as raw materials)
Secondary materials, water and energy resources
SM Use of secondary materials
RSF Use of renewable secondary fuels
NRSF Use of non-renewable secondary fuels
FW FW: Net use of fresh water
Waste category indicators
HWD Hazardous waste disposed
N-HWD Non-hazardous waste disposed
RWD Radioactive waste disposed
Output flow indicators
MfR Materials for recycling
MfER Materials for energy recovery
Other indicators
Efp Emissions of Fine particles
IrHH Ionizing radiation, human health
ETX FW Ecotoxicity, freshwater
HTX CE Human toxicity, carcinogenic effects
HTX N-CE Human toxicity, non-carcinogenic effects
IrLS Impact related to Land use / soil quality

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Additional environmental information

Recyclability potential

According to the waste treatment scenario calculation in SimaPro, based on the IEC
62635 standard, the recyclability rate was calculated. The recyclability rate is expressed
as a percentage of the mass of the product that can be recycled or reused. The
recyclability rate of PD-17 is calculated based on the product weight (excluding
packaging) and equals 85,14%.

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