100 - General

STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION AND
MAINTENANCE OF ROADS AND BRIDGES (SCAlS) 100 - General
100 GENERAL
101 ABBREVIATIONS
Where the following abbreviations are used in these Specifications or on the

Plans, they shall be considered representing as
the same as the respective expression as
given below:-
AASHTO American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials
AC Asphalt Concrete
AIV Aggregate Impact Value
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
BS British Standards
BOQ Bills of Quantities
CEA Central Environment Authority
CBI Stabilised Road Base I
CB2 Stabilised Road Base 2
CBR California Bearing Ratio
cm Centimetre
CMS Cationic Medium Setting
CRS Cationic Rapid Setting
CSS Cationic Slow Setting
cs Ceylon Standards
CSB Stabilized Sub Base
CP Code of Practice
Cu.rn Cubic Metre
DBM Dry Bound Macadam
DBST Double Bituminous Surface Treatment
Dft Dry film thickness
DIN German Standards
EN European Standards
FIDIC Federation International Des Ingenieurs - Conseils
GI Galvanized Iron
Ggbs Ground Granulated blast furnace Slag
gm Gram
HFL High Flood Level
HMSO Her Majesty's Stationery Office, United Kingdom
HSFG High Strength Fabrication Grip
ICTAD Institute for Construction Training and Development
IP Ingress Protection
ISO International Organization for Standardization
kg Kilogram
km Kilometre
kN Kilo Newton
kPa Kilo Pascal
I Litre
LAAV Los Angeles Abrasion Value
LL Liquid Limit
1m Linear Metre
LS Linear Shrinkage
LWL Low Water Level
m Metre
MC Medium Curing
mc Moisture Content
MDD Maximum Dry Density
mm Millimetre
MPa Mega Pascal
MS Mild Steel
N Newton
Nr (#) Number
OMC Optimum Moisture Content
OPC Ordinary Portland Cement
ORN Overseas Road Note of the Transportation Research Laboratory, UK
Pfa Pulverised Fuel Ash
PI Plasticity Index
PL Plastic Limit
Provi S Provisional Sum
PS Provisional Sum
PSC Pre-stressed Concrete
PVC Poly Vinyl Chloride
RCC Reinforced Cement Concrete
ROW Right of Way
RDA Road Development Authority
RR Random Rubble
RSJ Rolled Steel Joist
SBST Single Bituminous Surface Treatment
SLS Sri Lanka Standards
SPT Standard Penetration Test
Sq.m Square Metre
SSCM Standard Specification for Construction & Mauu e nance of Roads & Bridges
SSG - Selected Sub grade
TRL Transportation Research Laboratory, United Kingdom
UCS Unconfined Compression Strength
UK United Kingdom
WBM Water Bound Macadam
WMM Wet Mix Macadam
SECOND EDITION, JUNE 2009 Institute for Construction Training and Development (ICTI\[)
MAINTENANCE OF ROADS AND BRIDGES (SCA/S)
102 DEFINITIONS & EXPLANATIONS
Wherever in these Specifications, the following terms are used, their meaning
shall be interpreted as follows: -
However where the definition & explanations in the General Conditions of

Contract differ from those in the Standard Specifications, the former shall apply.
At all times - Throughout the Contract period.
Bridge - A roadway structure including supports, erected normally over a waterway,

for carrying traffic, having a clear span between supports of more than 3.0m measured
along the centre line of the roadway.
Capping Layer or Lower Sub-base or Select Subgrade - They are used in the lower
Pavement layers as a substitute for a thick Sub-base to reduce costs.
Carbonation - The reaction of lime (used for stabilization of soils) with atmospheric
Carbon dioxide to form un-reactive Calcium Carbonate.
Carriageway - The paved or unpaved area of the roadway designated for vehicular
travel.
Cu Ivert Any structure under the roadway with a clear opening of less than 3.0m
measured along the centre line of the roadway.
Drawings - See Plans
Laboratory Any laboratory authorized by the Engineer.
Lateritic Gravelly Soil - It is a Reddish Brown gravelly soil with hard granular particles
that enhances its properties such as the CBR strength when exposed to the atmosphere.
Lower Sub-base - See Capping Layer.
Pavement Structure - The combination of Sub-base, Base and Surfacings placed on a

Subgrade to support the traffic.
(i) Sub-base - The layer or layers of specified or selected material of designated

thickness placed on the Subgrade on which the road Base will be constructed.
(ii) Base The layer or layers of specified or selected material of designated

thickness placed on Sub-base or Subgrade on which a Surfacing will be
constructed.
(iii) Surfacing - The binder application, dressing or surface course constructed on the
Base as a protective measure to the Pavement structure, against traffic action and
the effects of weather and climate.
Paved Road - A road where the top Pavement surfaces are constructed with bitumen
applications on aggregate Bases or bitumen - aggregate mixes or concrete.
Pioneer Layer - First layer of fill on soft ground that is generally not compacted.
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SECOND EDITION, JUNE 2009 Institute for Construction Training and Development (ICT AD)
MAINTENANCE OF ROADS AND BRIDGES (SCA/S) 100 - General
Plans The Contract Drawings which show the location, characteristic details and
dimensions of the prescribed work, including layouts, profiles, Cross-sections, etc.
(i) Working Drawings Supplemental drawings and or sketch diagrams, supplied

by the Engineer or submitted by the Contractor and approved by the Engineer,
during construction regarding details.
Road bed or Road formation - The prepared surface, formed to line, level and required
Cross-section, to receive the Pavement structure. It is also the top of the Subgrade.
Road formation - See Road bed.
Road Side The area adjoining the outer edge of the roadway including the verges
and embankments, but within the ROW.
Roadway - Area covered by the carriageway, shoulders and drains.
Right of Way (ROW) Extent of the land legally available for the roadway and the
roadside.
Selected Subgrade - See Capping Layers.
Shoulder - The portion of the roadway contiguous with the carriageway mainly for
emergency use and for lateral support of the Pavement structure.
Side Walk That portion of the roadway primarily constructed for the use of the
pedestrians.
Specification - The compilation of provisions and requirements for the performance of

prescribed work.
(i) Standard Specifications - This book of Specifications approved for general

application and use.
(ii) Supplemental Specification - Approved additions and revisions to the Standard

Specifications.
(iii) Special Provisions - Additions and revisions to the Standard and Supplemental
Specifications applicable to an individual project.
Streaking Broad lines devoid of binder on road surface after application with a
binder distributor when its spray bar nozzles are clogged.
Structures - Bridges; culverts, retaining walls, drains and such other constructions
which are not otherwise defined herein.
Subgrade - The layer of soil immediately beneath the road formation.
Sub Structure - All that part of a bridge or culvert below the bearings.
Super Structure - All that part of a bridge or culvert above the bearings.
Unbound Bases - All aggregate Bases without coatings of aggregate by bituminous,

cementitious and other binders.
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Upper Sub-base - In order to reduce costs, Capping Layers or Lower Sub-bases or

Selected Subgrade layers are introduced in the lower Pavement layers. In order to
distinguish between such layers, the Sub-base layer proper is called the upper Sub-base.
Unpaved Road - Earth or gravelroads.
Utility Services Useful services for public such as electricity, water supply,
drainage, telecommunication, etc.
Windrowing - Making a long pile or row of soil, etc. heaped up generally with a motor
grader / bull dozer.
103 ARRANGEMENTS FOR TRAFFIC WITH SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

DURING REHABILITATION OR CROSSING OF EXISTING ROADS
103.1 General
The Contractor shall provide and maintain for the period of construction, traffic
control and safety devices including Traffic Signs, Barricade Boards, Traffic Cones,
Lighting Devices at all locations where work is in progress in accordance with Part II of
the "Manual Of Traffic Control Devices, Road Development Authority, Ministry of
Transport and Highways-March 2001" or their latest editions.
Materials and equipment temporarily stored on, or adjacent to, the existmg
roadway shall be so placed, and the work at all times, shall be so conducted as to cause
minimum disruption to the road user.
Warning signs, painted barrels and warning tape strung across barrels shall be
provided to separate the Contractor's material and equipment and the Contractor's
working area from the roadway. Red lanterns or warning lights shall be mounted on
barricades at sunset and shall be kept lit until sunrise. Reflective tapes and stickers of
minimum size of 50x50 mm shall be pasted on each barrei and directed at on coming
traffic.
At the points where traffic is to deviate from its normal path [whether on part of
the carriageway (section 103.2) or temporary diversion (section 103.3)] clear directions
to the traffic shall be conspicuously exhibited at both ends with the aid of appropr iate
road signs. The portion of road closed for traffic shall be barricaded and at night these
markings shall be adequately lit so as to be clearly visible, as stated in the aforesaid
paragraphs of this section 103.1. One way traffic arrangements shall be resorted to, in
case the traffic is heavy, in consultation with and with the assistance of the Police
Authorities. Signs warning the traffic of the obstructions or diversions ahead shall also
be installed well forward of the points of diversion. The Contractor shall arrange for the
Traffic Police to be in attendance for traffic management. Necessary flag men with stop
/ go boards and or traffic lights shall be stationed at both ends to guide the traffic.
The Contractor shall be responsible for the provision and maintenance of

adequate standard signing for the duration of any diversion.
If in the opinion of the Engineer, the above Road Safety and Traffic Control
measures have not been provided at the start or at any stage of rehabilitation, the
Contractor shall not be permitted to start or continue to work at such sections of the
road.
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SECOND EDITION, JUNE 2009 Institute for Construction Training and Development (lCT AD)
103.2 Using Part of the Road
A part of carriageway shall be kept open to traffic while improvement works

such as widening of the road or strengthening of the existing Pavement is being carried
out in the other part. The above procedure shall be carried out provided the part kept
open to traffic is adequate for the purpose, if necessary, by widening the shoulders. In
such cases the shoulders shall be dressed and brought in level with the existing
carriageway and shall be continuously maintained in a good condition for the entire
duration of the work. Where improvement work is in progress in long stretches along
important roads, suitable passing bays shall, where possible, be provided with the
approval of the Engineer and in consultation with the traffic police. On less important
roads, the method of keeping part of the carriageway open to traffic shall, as far as
practicable, be adopted even in respect of repairs to or reconstruction of culverts and
minor bridges.
. The Contractor shall not be permitted to have excavations open on both sides of
the road at a particular chainage such that there are steep drops adjacent to traffic,
which may create a danger to traffic. That is the excavation and backfilling with Sub-
base or Base shall be flush with the existing road level on one side, before excavation
can proceed on the other side of the road.
The maximum length of working along one of the lanes of two lane road (one
way working) for I km of roadway rehabilitation shall be limited to 2 separate sections
of 300 metre length each. This length may be further reduced depending on the traffic
flow and if visibility is reduced at bends or increased where appropriate at the
Engineer's discretion. For one way working the Contractor shall not commence work
until the Engineer approves the proposal submitted by the Contractor for this purpose.
During construction for operations which require one way traffic the Contractor
shall be responsible for the removal of broken down vehicles, 'including vehicles
damaged in accidents and shall maintain one way uninterrupted traffic flow at all times.
103.3 Temporary Diversion
If, in the opinion of the Engineer, it is not possible to pass the traffic on a part
width of the carriageway, or by any other route, a temporary diversion close to the road
shall be constructed as directed by the Engineer. Such diversion shali be constructed to
Specifications approved by the Engineer by using locally available materials, as far as
practicable. Temporary surface and cross drainage arrangements shall also be provided
as directed wherever necessary. The diversion shall be maintained in good condition till
the original or new road is opened to traffic.
103.4 Measurement and Payment
(a) Measurement
(i) All costs related to the implementation and execution of the traffic safety and
management work shall be measured monthly. Provision and maintenance of temporary
diversion roads, if any shall be measured for payment as a Provisional Sum.
(b) Payment
A Traffic Safety and Control
(i) Payment shall include all costs necessary and required for the implementation of
this work in accordance with these specification, including updating.
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SECOND EDITION, JUNE 2009 Institute for Construction Training and Development (lCTAD)
(ii): Payment shall be made monthly.
(iii) The Engineer may any time withhold payments if in his opinion this work is not
being provided, in due compliance with the requirements and procedures of this
specification.
B Provision and maintenance of temporary diversion roads, if any. Payments shall

be mad-e as per a provisional sum.
The Pay Items and Pay Units shall be as follows;
Pay Item Description Pay Unit
103(1) Traffic safety and control Month
103(2) Provisions and maintenance of Provisional Sum

temporary diversion roads, if any
104 CONTROL OF WORKS
104.1 Not Used
104.2 Conformity with Plans and Specifications

All work performed shall be in accordance with these Specifications and in
conformity with lines, levels, grades, Cross-sections and dimensions shown on Plans
and working drawings. All materials furnished shall also be in conformity with the
Specifications. In the event the work performed and/or the materials furnished are not in
conformity with the Plans and Specifications and have resulted in an inferior or
unsatisfactory product, such work or material shall be removed and replaced or
otherwise corrected by and at the expense of the Contractor.
Field Controls
Unless otherwise specified, the Contractor shall set out such initial construction
stakes and bench marks that will serve as the field controls for the construction work
and obtain the approval of the Engineer for the same. No work shall begin till such
bench marks, stakes, setting out points, reference points and all control points of the
centre line are certified as correct by the Engineer or his representative.
104.3 Construction Programming

The Contractor shall programme his work so as to reduce as far as is practicable,
disruption to all road users during construction of the Works and maintain traffic
control measures for the safety of traffic at all times.
For road widening sections of existing roads
To assist with compliance of this requirement the Contractor will be restricted in

the use of one way working as described below.
Within any 1 kilometre section of the Site the length of road available to the
Contractor for major Pavement construction at anyone time involving single lane traffic
control shall be restricted to 2 separate sections of 300 metre length each.
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MAINTENANCE OF ROADS AND BRIDGES (SCAlS) 100 - General
The Contractor shall not be permitted to work outside these 2 separate sections
of 300 metre lengths (except on a separate 1 km. section) unless otherwise agreed by the
Engineer until the full width of the road is completed up to asphalt concrete Surfacing
as per Section 506 or the first seal as per Section 505 or first coat, where the road is to
be surface dressed with hot bitumen applications, as per Section 503 or any other
Surfacing as approved by the Engineer.
'The Contractor sha11 provide with his time/location programme and detailed
construction schedule, a list of proposed 2 separate sections of 300 metre lengths with
chainage location showing where he intends to commence his Pavement construction.
The Engineer shall approve these locations without undue delay subject to compliance
with this Clause and the Contractor shall then be given access to these sections.
Subsequent sections shall be requested and the Engineer shall approve them in
accordance with the above procedure.
Where, relevant the Contractor shall also provide with his programme, his
proposals for asphalt laying, indicating the sources of asphalt and crushed materials
etc., his suppliers of pre-cast products and reinforcing steel, the programme of
supplying of them and his resources schedule and their time of availability at site. He
shall also provide a complete method statement explaining as to how he commences and
proceeds with all major items of work in his programme.
If required, the Contractor shall take into consideration, the works to be

completed by him in order to commence the works of the Service Agencies that would
be made available to him by the Employer, in preparing his Time/Location programme.
Where relevant, the Engineer has the authority to suspend the commencement of
laying of Base course over the existing road surface until the Contractor's asphalt
laying proposal is approved and he is ready to undertake the asphalt paving trial.
Other work such as structural work for bridges or extension to culverts or

drainage work or work which may be carried out without disruption to traffic, either
vehicular or pedestrian, may be undertaken in a properly programmed manner outside
these limits with prior approval from the Engineer.
Before any subsequent 300 metre section is made available to the Contractor, the
Contractor shall demonstrate that he has sufficient material in approved stockpiles,
equipment and labour available to progress the Works and adequate road safety and
Traffic Control measures sha11 be taken as per section 103 of these Specifications. If in
the opinion of the Engineer, this is not demonstrated, the Contractor shall not be
permitted to start work on the subsequent section.
The layers of the widening section of the road shall be constructed up to the top
of Sub-base level on one side, initiaIJy, with two or one-way traffic (as appropriate or as
directed by the Engineer) using the existing remaining road width. The Contractor shall
be fully responsible for traffic control.
Traffic shaIJ then be allowed to pass over the layers so placed with the
Contractor responsible for the protection of the Sub-base (e.g. by the application of a
suitable cover of Base course material or by any other method approved by the
Engineer). No separate payment shall be made for this protection.
Construction of the widening of the opposite side of the road to half width will
then take place up to finished surface level (asphalt concrete or first seal of a double
surface treatment or first coat as per Section 503 when using hot bitumen or any other
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SECOND EDITION, JlJNE 2009 Institute for Construction Training and Development (leT AD)
Surfacing as approved by the Engineer). Traffic shall then be allowed to travel over the
finished surface once approved.
Completion of the first side of the road will then take place to finished road
level.
If, within any 300 metre section where the Contractor has the Engineer's
permission to execute major Pavement construction in stages, there are insufficient
locations for embankment construction using the excavated suitable material from that
section, the Contractor shall request access to adjacent sections where embankments can
be constructed and the Engineer shall grant such access unless permission cannot be
granted for safety reasons.
104.4 Not Used
104.5 NotUsed
104.6 Compaction Equipment
Mechanical equipment shall be used for compacting materials by rolling, tamping

and watering the materials before compaction. For other operations such as spreading,
mixing and shaping, mechanical equipment only or a combination of mechanical
equipment (which shall include graders) and manually operated tools and equipment
shall be used. The choice of equipment and the procedure of their use shall be subject
to the approval of the Engineer, upon his being satisfied on their effectiveness on the
basis of trial compactions.
It shall be understood by the Contractor that different types of materials are

likely to require different kind of compaction equipment, including successive
applications thereof, for achieving the specified degrees of compaction and the
Contractor shall make available a fleet of compaction equipment of the requisite kinds,
sizes and numbers.
For compacting along narrow strips e.g. along widening of Pavements and in
restricted areas e.g. behind bridge abutments, appropriate sized, purpose made
compacting equipment will be required and the same shall be provided by the
Contractor.
All equipment shall be manufactured by established manufacturers and of

proven efficiency, in good working order and shall be operated and maintained at all
times by skilled personnel in a manner acceptable to the Engineer.
104.7 Compaction Trials
For demonstrating the efficacy of mixing and compaction equipment and the
working methods proposed to be used by the Contractor for different kinds of materials,
the Contractor shall carry out compaction trials before full-scale construction on the
road and during construction throughout the course of the Contract as required by and in
close cooperation with the Engineer. Based on results of compaction trials and
construction observation, the Engineer shall reserve the right to direct the use of
particular mixing and compaction equipment and methods and disallow the use of others
for compacting different kinds of materials in accordance with these Specifications.
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SECOND EDITION, JUNE 2009 Institute for Construction Training and Development (lCTAD)
STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS F;OR CONSTRUCTION AND
MAINTENANCE OF ROADS AND BRIDGES (SeAl5) 100 - General
104.8 Dispersal of Hauling Equipment
Hauling equipment bringing materials to the site of work shall be dispersed

uniformly over the surface of the previously constructed layers in order to avoid rutting
and uneven compaction. The materials from hauling equipment shall not be dumped in
concentrated heaps but deposited as evenly distributed. layers or windrows consistent
with the loose thickness to be achieved before compaction. The hauling equipment shall
not be allowed on the proposed shoulder areas. Any defects caused by the hauling
equipment on shoulder Pavement layers shall be remedied by.complete removal down to
the Subgrade level and reconstruction as per these Specifications.
104.9 Protection to Newly Constructed Layers
Except as permitted by the Engineer, no traffic other than construction traffic

shall be allowed on any earthwork or Pavement layer until a Surfacing has been applied
either as single surface treatment or an asphalt concrete layer or any other Surfacing
layer. The approval of the Engineer shall be required before traffic is allowed to pass
over newly constructed road. Any defects caused by traffic passing over the
construction layers shall be remedied in accordance with these Specifications.
104.10 Bridge Construction Sequence
The Contractor shall programme the construction sequences for all bridges and
submit a written statement thereof for the approval of the Engineer. The bridge
construction sequence shall consider, as a minimum, each phase of bridge construction
with respect to traffic control, the effects on the existing bridges and the completed
bridges. Where the Contractor proposes to partially demolish an existing bridge to
allow for phased construction, he shall demonstrate to the Engineer's approval that the
partially demolished bridge is safe for use by his equipment and other road users.
The control of traffic during the construction of the bridge shall be in

accordance with the Section 103. Where the bridge construction sequence has been
specified on the Drawings, the Contractor shall follow the sequence specified. The
Contractor may propose an alternative construction sequence provided he can
demonstrate, in a written statement, that the sequence is not detrimental to the Works or
road users in any way.
No work shall commence on a bridge until the written consent to the

construction sequence has been given by the Engineer in compliance with the relevant
clauses of the General Conditions of Contract and until in the opinion of the. Engineer
adequate traffic control, road safety and construction safety measures have been taken.
No separate payment shall be made for compliance under this section. Payment
shall be deemed to be included in the Contractor's rates.
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MAINTENANCE OF ROADS AND BRIDGES (SCA/S) )00 - General
105 CONTROL OF MATERIALS
105.1 Source of Supply and Quality Requirements
The Contractor shall be responsible for the provision of all materials required
to execute the Works. All material salvaged and/or removed from the works remains
the property of the Employer. The Contractor shall be responsible for the cost of
replacement in the event of unauthorised use or removal by him.
Information regarding the position of Borrow Areas/Pits and Quarries and

results of tests carried out on various samples of materials may be available on request,
to the Employer. The Contractor shall be deemed to have considered this information,
if available and carefully checked the availability of suitable material in sufficient
quantities from these sources and other sources during the Tender Period and have fully
satisfied himself of the quality, suitability and characteristics of the materials and
suitability of the plant and the method of working on which he has based his rates.
The Contractor shall be responsible for opening up all quarry and borrow areas
and shall organize his method of operations so that only materials of a type and quality
approved by the Engineer shall be selected for use in the Works.
The Contractor in his proposal for approval of borrow areas and aggregate
quarries, shall describe the route of hauling materials from the borrow areas to the site.
He shall obtain the permission to use this route for hauling materials from the Authority
of the route. Before commencement of hauling, the Contractor shall inspect the
proposed route of hauling with the Engineer and the authority of the route, prepare a
report on the condition of the route with necessary photographs and indicating agreed
commitments to the authority of the route at the end of hauling period. The Contractor
shall submit to the Engineer, a copy of this report, before commencing hauling
operations.
The Contractor is at liberty to select and use material from his own sources
providing the requirements of this section are fully met.
105.2 Storage of Materials
Materials shall be so stored as to ensure the preservation of their quality and

fitness for the work. Stored materials shall be located so as to facilitate their prompt
inspection. Approved portions of the right-of-way may be used for storage purposes. All
storage sites from which the stored materials have been removed shall be restored to
their original condition by the Contractor at his expense.
In case of materials, which need stockpiling for storage and measurements,

these shall be stockpiled on level areas and to standard shapes so as to facilitate easy
measurements and computations of volumes.
105.3 Handling of Materials
All materials shall be handled in such a manner as to preserve their quality and
fitness for the work.
105.4 Approval of Sources of Material
The sources of the materials shall be selected by the Contractor, but approved
by the Engineer before the materials are used on the site. For this purpose, the
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STANDARD SPECmCATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION AND
Contractor shall furnish all relevant test data for representative samples from each
source area as desired by the Engineer and also afford opportunities for the Engineer to
visit the sources areas.
Notwithstanding approval of sources of materials, materials as brought to the

work site for use in the Works shall be subject to acceptance or rejection by the
Engineer based on quality control tests to be performed before use in construction.
105.5 Stockpiling of Materials
Unless otherwise permitted by the Engineer, natural soils brought from borrow
pits shall not be loaded directly from the borrow area for use in the works but shall first
be stockpiled. Such stockpiles shall be tested and approved by the Engineer before the
material comprising them may be used in the works.
;\11 materials brought to the Site which require temporary stockpiling shall be
stored carefully at approved locations and in a systematic manner so as to prevent
deterioration or mixing of different materials or contamination. Materials which have
suffered contamination or deterioration due to improper storage shall not be used in
Works and shall be removed from the stockpiling area.
The materials shall be free from foreign, organic or any other deleterious
substances such as vegetation and perishable matters, or any other substance which in
the opinion of the Engineer may affect placing, mixing and compaction of the material
or adversely affect the future performance of the Works. Material in stockpiles shall be
tested by the Engineer to check suitability for use in the Works.
105.6 Temporary Stockpiling of Materials
Where the work programme is such that materials cannot be placed directly in
their required positions or where mixing of two or more materials is required to meet
the requirements of the Specifications, the Engineer may authorize their removal into
temporary stockpiles. Such stockpile sites shall be to the Engineer's approval and shall
be prepared by suitably clearing, grading and compaction.
The material shall be stockpiled in successive layers of approved thickness

o er the full stockpile area to the approximate dimensions required by the Engineer.
All storage sites from which the stored materials have been removed shall be restored to
their original condition by the Contractor at his expense.
105.7 Payment
No separate payment shall be made for items under otherwise stated in the
Conditions of Contract under this section and payment shall be deemed to be included in
the Contractor's rates.
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SECOND EDITION. JUNE 2009 Institute for Construction Training and Development (lCTAD)
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MAINTENANCE OF ROADS AND BRIDGES (SCA/5) 100. - General
106 GENERAL RULES FOR MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
All measurements shall be recorded in the metric system unless otherwise

specified. Different items of work shall be measured in accordance with the procedures
laid down in the relevant sec"iions of Specifications read in conjunction with the
relevant stipulations in the Contract. In respect of lump sum Contracts, however, the
procedure specified in the Contract shall be adopted.
All measurements, unless otherwise specified, shall be recorded and computed

nearest to the following units:
(i) Length and breadth 10mm
(ii) Areas 0.01 sq.m.
(iii) Cubic contents 0.01 cu.rn.
(iv) Height, depth or thickness of Sub-base, Base,

Surfacing and structural members 5mm
(v) Height, depth or thickness of earthwork

measured by tape 10mm
(vi) Height, depth or thickness of earthwork

measured with level and staff 5mm
In case of any differences between the above units and those specified under
the relevant items of Specifications the latter shall prevail.
The measurement of materials stock piled shall be recorded for arriving at the
cubic volume contents by measuring the length, breadth and height of piles. The
quantity shall be calculated in Cu.m corrected to two places of decimals.
Unless stated to the contrary, any thickness, area or volume in any items of the
Works shall be measured only on finished work after compaction.
The payments for the various items shown in the Bills of Quantities shall
constitute full compensation for performing all of the requirements of the Contract for
the item of work as specified including furnishing all necessary materials, labour, tools,
equipment, supplies, testing, and incidentals.
106.1 Lead for Materials
Lead or transport distance where applicable shall be measured over the shortest
practicable route and not necessarily the actual route taken for transport.
(i) Carriage by manual labour shall be measured in units of 30 metres.
(ii) Carriage by animal/mechanical transport shall be reckoned in unit of one km.

Distance of 0.5 km. or more shall be taken as one km. and distance of less than 0.5km
shall be ignored. However, when the total lead is less than 0.5km, it will not be ignored
but paid for separately in stages of ),0 metres subject to the condition that the rate
worked on this basis does not exceed the rate for one km by mechanical transport.
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SECOND EDITION, JIJNE 2009 Institute for Construction Training and Development (lCTAD)
MAINTENANCE OF ROADS AN'D BRIDGES (SCA/S) 100 - General
(Hi) The measurements of materials stockpiled and measured as specified at Section

106 above shall be the basis of payment for arriving at the transport charges, in respect
of materials transported unless otherwise specified.
(iv) The rate for transport is inclusive of all operations including loading, transport,
unloading and piling.
Haulage
No haulage on materials shall be measured or paid. The cost of haulage is

deemed to be included in tendered rates for supply of materials in accordance with
Conditions of Contract.
106.2 Measurement for Area and Volume Based Payment
(a) Area Basis
When measurement of Base courses and Sub-base courses is stipulated to be

made on an area basis, the thickness of the course shall be checked at regular intervals
as stated in Section 1600 by cutting holes or by other approved means, as directed by
the Engineer.
Dimensions used to deterinine area shall be measured horizontally.
(b) Volume Basis
The finished thicknesses of Sub-bases, Bases and surface courses to be paid on

a volume basis shall be computed in the following manner, unless otherwise specified.
Initial levels shal1 be recorded before the commencement of the work at a grid
of points normally not exceeding 10 metres, centre to centre, longitudinally and at
intervals normally not exceeding 2 metres transversely. Transverse levels however, shall
include the edges and the centre line. Final levels shall be similarly recorded at the
same grid points after completion of each item of work listed separately for payment.
The average thickness of the course in any area shall be the mean of the difference of
initial and final levels in that area but limited to the thickness stipulated in the relevant
drawings, designs and Specifications.
Notwithstanding the above, the Engineer shall have the option to cut
cores/holes to check the thickness.
106.3 Scope of Rates for Different Items of Work
In the absence of directions or stipulations to the contrary, the rates are to be

considered as full compensation for all the operations, and the rates are to be considered
as the full inclusive rates for finished work covering all labour, materials, wastage,
temporary works, overhead charges and the obligations and risks arising out of the
Conditions of Contract.
106.4 Facilities for Verification of Measurements
The Contractor shall provide all the necessary facilities for checking and
verification of the measurements at all stages of work, to the officers of the Engineer or
Employers organization.
13
ST ~ 'iDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION AND
\I ~I'HENANCE OF ROADS AND BRIDGES (SCA/S) 100 - General
106.5 Selection of pay items
Selection of pay items given under each section will depend on the method of
measurement adopted on the Contract.
106.6 Sub Divisions within Pay Items
Where sub divisions within pay items become necessary, due to varratrons of
type of material, thickness of layer, rate of application etc., letter suffixes in
alphabetical order shall be used in the BOQ to denote the sub divisions within each such
pay item. These letter suffixes shall be incorporated alongside the number given within
the bracketed portion of the pay item number.
'-
107 SIEVE DESIGNATIONS
The sieve sizes that are generally used in these Specifications for grading of
soils and aggregates are as stipulated in column 1 of Table 107-1, which also conforms
to BS. It should be noted that sieves given therein are the metric equivalents for the
original sieves in imperial units given in column 2 of Table 107-1, which conforms, to
ASTM Ell.
Table 107-1 Sieves used in these Specifications

Sieve Sizes used in these Corresponding Original
Specifications (BS metric sieves in imperial units
Sieves) Confirming to ASTM
inch Sieve
mm /lm number
(1) (2)
75 3
63 2Y2
50 2
37.5 I~
28.0 I
20 %
14 Y2
10 %
6.3 \I.i
5 4
2.36 8
1.18 16
600 30
300 50
150 100
75 200
Even though some of the above sieves are not in the standard ISO series they
are selected for the purpose of these Specifications due to their common usage in Sri
Lanka.
108 NOT USED
14
'f.·\SDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION AND
tWITENANCE OF ROADS AND BRIDGES (SCAlS) 100 - General
109 WORKMANSHIP AND QUALITY CONTROL
109.1 General
The Contractor is responsible for producing work which conforms in quality

and accuracy of detail to the requirements of the Contract (see relevant clauses of
General Conditions of Contract) and the Contractor shall, at his own expense, institute a
uality control system and provide experienced engineers, technical officers, surveyors,
aterials technicians, other technicians and other technical staff, together with all
ansport, instruments and equipment, to ensure adequate supervision and quality
antral of the Works at all times.
The cost of all supervision carried out by the Contractor shall be deemed to be
included in the rates tendered for the related items of work, except where as specifically
rovided for in the Contract.
The Contractor's attention is drawn to the provisions of the various sections of

the Specifications regarding the minimum frequency of testing that will be required for
uality control. The Contractor shall, at his own initiative, increase this frequency
here necessary to ensure adequate control.
The Engineer shall have the authority to increase the frequency of testing to
heck the degree of compliance of works with the Specifications.
On completion of every part of the Works and submission to the Engineer for
examination, the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer the results of all relevant tests
and survey checks that he has carried out indicating compliance with the Specifications.
For cement, bitumen, mild steel deformed bars, high tensile steel, pre-stressing
materials, bridge bearings, and other similar materials, the Contractor shall furnish the
manufacturer's test certificates to the Engineer. When required by the Engineer to carry
out some essential tests at the manufacturer's plants or at laboratories other than the site
laboratory, the cost of samples, sampling shall be borne by the Contractor.
The method of sampling and testing of materials shall be as required under

relevant clauses stipulated in these Specifications or as approved by the Engineer.
The Contractor shall be required to demonstrate the adequacy of the equipment

for each operation to establish its / their capability to achieve the requirements to the
Specification to the satisfaction of the Engineer before commencement of the work.
All equipment provided shall be of proven efficiency and purpose made for the
required operation and shall be operated by skilled operators and maintained at all times
to perform its proper function in a manner acceptable to the Engineer.
(a) Measurement-
Testing, laboratory and equipment, if set up for Contractor shall be measured

as a provisional sum item
Maintenance of laboratory, if set up for Contractor shall be measured as the

number of months during which operation of laboratory is carried out.
15
STANDARD SPECII'ICATIONS I'C}R CONSTRUCTION AND
Special tests ordered by the Engineer shall be measured for payment. Routine
tests shall not be measured for payment.
(b) Payment
The certification will require that the Engineer is satisfied that the Contractor
has properly discharged his obligations with respect to the item concerned. If it is the
opinion of the Engineer that this is not the case, then he may delete the item from any
payment certificate or reduce the amount certified.
Pay items and Pay Units are as follows;
109( 1) Setting up laboratory with equipment Provisional Sum

for the Contractor
t 09(2) Maintenance of laboratory Month
109(3 ) Special tests ordered by the Engineer Provisional Sum
110 STANDARDS
110.1 General
In the absence of any definite provisions in the Specifications on any particular

issue reference shall be made to the 2001 or 2002 Codes of SLS, BS, ASTM or
AASHTO in this order of sequence. Where these are unhelpful, the execution and
completion of the Works and relevant tests shall conform to sound engineering practice
and, in case of any dispute arising out of the interpretation of the above, the decision of
the Engineer shall be final and binding on the Contractor.
Where BS Tests are stipulated in the Specifications, the equivalent ASTM or

AASHTO test method may be substituted as directed by the Engineer.
All the Codes of Practice, Standards and Specification applicable shall be the
2001 or 2002 editions, or as specifically stated in these Specifications.
110.2 Supply of Codes of Practice, Standards and Materials References
The Contractor shall provide for the use of the Engineer technical publications,
Codes of Practice and other Standards as stipulated in the Contract or as directed by the
Engineer. The documents provided by the Contractor shall be original publications and
not Photostat copies. These shall be the valid editions at the end of the year 200 I or
2002 or as stated below or. as decided by the Engineer. The type of publications
requested may include:
• Sri Lankan Standards
• British Standards
• AASHTO Publications (2002 Edition)
• ASTM Publications
• FIDIC Documents
• HMSO Publications
• ICTAD Publications
• TRL Publications
• DIN
16
SECOND EDITION. JUNE 2009 Institute for Construction Training and Development OCTAD)
The documents will become the property of the Employer upon Completion of
Works.
110.3 Measurement and Pa~ment
Payment will be made for this item as a Provisional Sum. The Contractor shall
verify with the Engineer the individual items required, and obtain approval from the
Engineer prior to purchase.
The Pay Items and Pay Units shall be:-
Pay Item Description Pay unit
11 O( I) Provision of Standard and Document Provisional Sum.
111 NOT USED
112 SERVICES
Any work involved in moving, reinstating existing services and laying of new
services, that may be affected by the construction of the Works shall be undertaken by
the appropriate Authority or by the Contractor under the supervision of the appropriate
authority.
112.1 Existing Services
The Contractor may be required to carry out certain works for and on behalf of
various statutory service authorities and he shall also provide, with the prior approval of
the Engineer, such assistance to the various bodies as may be authorised by the
Engineer.
No removal of or alterations to any public utility shall be carried out unless

ordered by the Engineer, after authorization by the appropriate Authority.
The Contractor shall take all reasonable precautions to protect, and shall
provide temporary support to, existing services during construction and during
relocation of such services.
Whenever services are encountered that interfere with the execution of the works
and require moving or relocation, the Contractor shall inform the Engineer who will
determine the extent of the work involved.
Any pipe, cable, conduit or other known service of any nature whatsoever, which
has been damaged as a result of the Contractor's operations shall be repaired and
reinstated forthwith by the Contractor or by the authority concerned, all at the expense
of the Contractor and to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
The Employer will not be held liable or responsible for any delay in completion
of the Works under the Contract which may occur due to any damage occurring to such
services in consequence of the Contractor's operations.
17
SECOND EDITION, JUNE 2009 Institute for Construction Training and Development (ICTAD)
112.2 Payment
The work of temporarily supporting and protecting public utility services

during execution of the Works .shall be paid under a Provisional Sum.
The Engineer may instruct the Contractor to assist in the demolition and/or
rebuilding of property within or outside the ROW. The amount of work involved shall
be determ ined on Site and as instructed by the Engineer.
Payment for such work shall be made under a Provisional Sum and shall be
based on the Special Schedule of Rates for such work in force at the time.
The Pay Item and Pay Units shall be:-
I 1 2( 1) Temporary supporting and protecting Provisional Sum

public utility services during execution of works.
112(2 ) Demolitions/Rebuilding of Property Provisional Sum
113 NOT USED
114 PROTECTION OF THE WORKS AND REQUIREMENTS TO BE MET

BEFORE THE COMMENCEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION OF NEW
WORKS ON ALREADY COMPLETED WORKS
Under this item the following shall be included:-
(i) The provision of temporary drainage works such as drains, open channels,
banks etc. and the furnishing and operation of temporary pumps and such other
equipment as may be necessary to adequately drain, protect and dewater the Works and
Temporary Works. This will be in addition to any permanent drainage works specified
and installed, and in addition to any temporary drainage works specifically paid for
separately.
(ii) Care shall be exercised not to allow material in borrow pits to become
excessively wet, to keep all completed layers properly drained, to avoid dumps' of
material on completed layer work that shall inhibit surface drainage or form wet spots
under and around dumps, and to protect all parts of the Works against erosion by floods'
and rain.
(Hi) Material shall not be spread on a layer that is so wet that damage could be
caused to the layer during compaction of a subsequent layer when the road is open to
traffic
(iv) When material is spread out on the road, it shall, during wet periods, be given a
good cross fall and a sufficient compaction on the surface with a steel-wheeled roller, in
order to facilitate run-off during rainy weather.
(v) Fill and cut slopes shall be promptly repaired whenever damaged by surface
water.
18
SECOND EDITION, JUNE 2009 Institute for Construction Training and Development (KT AD)
STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONSTRUCflON AND
(vi) Excavations for construction of Pavement layers, pipe drains, culverts, service
ducts and similar structures shall be adequately protected against possible ingress of
water during rainstorms.
(vii) During widening and overlaying of existing roads, the excavations for
construction of Pavement layers for areas to be widened, shall be kept well drained at
all times with out stagnant water, which could soften some of the Pavement layers and
Subgrade of the existing road.
(viii) The wheels or tracks of plant moving over the various Pavement courses shall
be kept free of objectionable materials.
(ix) All completed work of a layer shall be protected and maintained until the
following layer is applied. Maintenance shall include immediate repair of any damage
or defects which may occur and shall be repeated as often as necessary to keep the layer
intact and in a good condition.
(x) Before any completed layer is primed or a following layer is constructed

thereon, any damage to the existing layer shall be repaired in a manner approved by the
Engineer, so that after repair, or reconstruction if necessary, it will conform in all
respects to the requirements specified for that layer. All repair work shall be reported
to the Engineer for inspection before covering up.
(xi) The Contractor shall inform the Engineer of damage or defects to any work
before repair or maintenance and the Engineer shall instruct the extent and method of
repair. The previously constructed layer shall be thoroughly cleaned of all foreign
material and the Contractor shall request its inspection by the Engineer before
construction of the following layer or application of a prime coat, Surfacing or surface
treatment. In the case of all bituminous work, in particular, the existing layer shall be
thoroughly broomed and all dung, clay, and other deleterious materials completely
removed. Where necessary, the surface shall be sprayed with water before, during and
after brooming to remove all foreign material.
114.1 Payment
Work performed as part of the above obligations shall not be measured and
paid for separately and the cost thereof is deemed to be included in the Contractor's
rates and prices.
115 REMEDIAL WORK
Reference is made to the clause on "Remedial Work" 111 the Conditions of

Contract.
For the guidance of the Contractor an indication about what may be required in
the more common cases of defects or damage is given below, but the Engineer will in no
way be bound to approve of or adhere to the measures indicated, as the actual remedial
measures will be dictated by the circumstances of each particular case.
115.1 Earthworks
(i) Where a cut slope has been over-excavated, reinstatement by backfilling will
not normally be permitted and the entire slope may need to be re-trimmed to obtain a
uniform slope
19
(ii) Where the floor of a catting has been over excavated it will normally require
backfilling and re-compaction with approved material of higher quality than the cut
material. All necessary measures shall be taken to drain ground water that may
accumulate in backfilled sections.
(iii) Excess widths of fills will need to be trimmed to the design profile.
(iv) Where erosion has occurred on the surface of cuts or fills, the damage shall be
made good by backfilling with suitable material and re-trimming. In more serious
cases, the slope may have to be cut back and backfilled after benching and compacted to
the required standard of compaction with suitable small equipment followed by re-
trimming.
(v) Over excavation of rock blasting on slopes shall be filled with Grade 20 (20)
concrete with 16 mm dowels driven into the rock, as instructed by the Engineer. Over
excavation on the road surface shall be fi lied with the concrete of same grade , as
instructed by the Engineer, in such a way that no water would be retained on the
finished concrete surface. The cost of this work is deemed to be included in the rates
for other items of the Contract.
115.2 Local Defects in Pavement Layers
(i) Where remedial measures are taken to make good localised defects, the length
and width of the area to be repaired by equipment shall be such as to accommodate the
full width of the equipment used and of a reasonable length to ensure effective repair.
(Ii) The depth to which material shall have to be removed will depend on the defect
and the type of material. Gravel layers shall need to be broken up to a depth of at least
75mm and crushed stone shall usually need breaking up over its full depth. Asphalt
material shall normally require removal for its full depth.
115.3 Concrete
Defective concrete work will normally need the cutting back and complete
removal of any weak or honey-combed sections and making good using approved
bonding agents to bind fresh concrete to old concrete. Cracks, if permitted to remain,
shall be injected with approved compounds and test cores obtained to test the efficacy
of the injection process.
115.4 Payment
The Contractor shall undertake remedial work at his own expense.
116 WATER SUPPLY ARRANGEMENTS
The Contractor shall make his own arrangements for the procurement,
transportation, storage, distribution and application of water needed for construction
and other purposes except where otherwise specified.
Only clean water free from undesirable concentrations of deleterious salts and
other materials shall be used. All sources of water used shall be approved by the
Engineer.
20
SECOND EDITION, .JUNE 2009 Institute for Construction Training and Development OCTAD)
::- '"' J.\XD SPECIFIC-\. TIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION AND
• 'T!:' ",-'On: OF ROADS AND BRIDGES (SCAlS) 100 - General
Mechanically driven and operated water bowsers with effective spray

equipment shall be provided at all times to ensure that compaction can proceed without
2.:1: hold up on account of watering.
116.1 Payment
"\:0 direct payment shall be made for providing water and the cost thereof shall
c e included in the rates tendered for the various items of work for which water is
;-ceded.
11~ SETTING OUT, CROSS SECTION SURVEYS AND DRAWINGS
11-.1 General
The Contractor's attention is drawn to the requirements of the General

C ondit ions of Contract regarding setting out.
The Contractor shall check the condition of all permanent Ground Markers and
shal! satisfy himself that they have not been damaged or disturbed and are true in regard
to position and level. Where markers have been destroyed, damaged or displaced the
:::-c ntr actor shall reinstate a new marker based on the markers which remain. A new
rnar ke r shall not be used unless its true position and level has been established and the
.;:\\ \ alue s verified by the Engineer.
Where a marker is likely to be disturbed during construction operations, the

Contractor shall establish suitable reference markers at locations where they will not be
istur be d during construction. No marker shall be covered, disturbed or destroyed
before accurate reference markers have been established and the details of the position
a:-:d l e ve ls of such markers have been submitted to the Engineer and approved by him.
-:-'1e Contractor's reference markers shail be of at least the same quality and durability
a s that of the existing markers.
The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer the method of setting out he
proposes to employ. To ensure beyond doubt that the complex elements of the road or
structure are truly and correctly located, the Contractor shall check all setting out by a
suitable approved method. The Engineer may at any time request the Contractor to
submit proof that his setting out has been satisfactorily checked.
Accurate control of line and level shall be provided by the Contractor at all
stages of construction. In respect of the road itself control shall be at 20m intervals, or
SL.:h closer intervals as may be directed, on horizontal and vertical curves. Wherever
ne e ssary. but particularly on completion of the Subgrade, Sub-base and the Base the
Contractor shall re-establish stake-line pegs at sufficiently close intervals to accurately
determine the edges of the Base, Surfacing and kerbing, guard-rails and other road
elements permanently exposed to the eye.
The Contractor shall make all provisions necessary for the Engineer to check
anc measure the setting out of the Works and shall be in attendance to agree on
measurements and levels before construction works commence.
11 - ..2 Setting Out and Cross-sections
The Contractor shall set out the designed centre-line and establish chain-age
:-e-;-e:-ence points which are to be marked out on site and recorded. Level Bench Marks
21
_ coxn [DmO:'li. Jl:'li[ 2009 Institute for Construction Training and Development (ICT AD)
at the mrrumum rate of four per kilometre and at locations of structures requirmg
modification shall be established and checked regularly and tied into the Permanent
Ground Markers.
The Contractor shall survey the existing ground along Cross-sections to the
centre line at 20m intervals, or such closer intervals with respect to horizontal and
vertical curves, junctions, bridges, culverts and other structures as determined by the
Engineer. Levels shall be taken at all changes of slope and all features to a distance of
5 metres beyond the right of way. Distance. between levels shall not exceed 5 metres.
The Contractor shall prepare cross sections indicating the existing road
shoulder and other features, if any, chain-ages, off set and agreed levels, to a format
agreed with the Engineer. The cross sections shall be suitable for plotting to a
horizontal scale of I 1650 and a vertical scale of 1120 on A3 size page.
The Contractor shall provide cross section drawings of the existing ground
levels to the Engineer.
The Engineer shall complete the Cross-section drawings by adding the new
carriageway, shoulder, ditches, side slopes and' Pavement construction layers. Other
information such as existing road edge trim line and soft spots shall be added by the
Engineer as information becomes available from site operations.
The Cross-sections shall be the basis for measurement and payment.
The Contractor shall complete the setting out of the centre-line within four
weeks for 10 km sections following the date of the Engineer's Notice to Commence the
Works, Sufficient survey and drafting staff shall be available to enable the full setting
out of the Works and for the drawing up of Cross-sections to be complete such that no
delay is caused to the setting out of the Works.
The Contractor shall employ on the Wo-rks sufficient qualified surveyors with
at least 2 years experience in similar works and have a thorough knowledge and
experience of computer methods for calculating quantities. The surveyors shall have
sufficiently modern survey equipment and instruments available with them which shall
be to the Engineer's approval. Competent chainmen shall be employed to assist the
Surveyor. The Contractor shall assist and supply services of his surveyor and his team
to the Engineer whenever required by the Engineer or his Representatives in checking
and measuring the Works.
No construction work shall commence on any section of the road until the
Cross-sections for the whole of that section have been completed and agreed by the
Engineer.
(a) Measurement
The survey of Cross-sections shall be measured by the number of km. for which
Cross-sections are detailed on drawings, satisfactorily completed and approved by the
Engineer. No separate measurement for constructing ground markers shall be made.
Setting out work other than cross sectional detailing shall be measured for
payment as a provisional sum item.
22
SECOND EDITION. JlJNE 2009 Institute for Construction Training and Development (lCT AD)
(b) Payment
The prices shall be full compensation for all labour, materials, equipment and
incidentals required furnishing the required work and as indicated.
Pay Items and Pay Units shall be:-
117(1) Cross-sectional detailing km

of full width as specified
1 17(2) Setting out work other than Provisional Sum

cross-sectional detailing
118 PROJECT SIGN BOARDS
118.1 Description
The Contractor shall erect firmly, sign boards in accordance with the drawings
provided in the Contract or as directed by the Engineer. The project Signboard shall be
made up of 1.25 m wide, 1.8 m high text in Sinhala, Tamil & English languages. The
board shall be galvanized steel of gauge 18 or 25 mm thick marine plywood. The board
shall be erected with the bottom of the board at a minimum of 2.3 metres above the
adjacent ground and clear of motor traffic with posts and struts suitably set in concrete
foundations. The Engineer shall issue to the Contractor the text (in black letters on
ye llow background), letter sizes, and construction details prior to the start date.
At the end of the Contract, all such sign boards shall be removed and the
ground reinstated to the approval of the Engineer.
The project signboards shall be erected within 2 weeks of the commencement

of the works.
118.2 Measurement
Project signboards shall be measured as the number of sign boards,

.::atisfactorily provided and installed and accepted by Engineer and maintained
:hroughout the Contract period, and the removal satisfactorily carried out and accepted
, y the Engineer.
118.3 Payment
Payment shall be made at the stated unit rate per signboard. The price sh-all be
full ompensation for all materials and labour required to perform the work described.
?a. ment for project signboards will be made in the proportion of 70 percent for
provision and erection, and 30 percent for maintenance, updating the completion date
period ically. removal of board and subsequent reinstatement of the land.
?-'!. Items and Pay Units shall be :-
-~'"'i ) Provide and maintain

Project Sign Board Number
23
Institute for Construction Training and Development (lCTAD)
»
STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS fOR CONSTRUCTION AND

119 PROVISION OF INSURANCE, BONDS AND SECURITIES
119.1 Description
The Contractor shall provide all necessary Insurances, Bonds, Guarantees and
Securities as are required and detailed in the Tender Documents, Conditions of Contract
or this Specification.
Measurement shall be as a lump sum payment for all expenditure with regard to
the provision of Insurances, Bonds and Securities.
Payment shall be made on submission of the original Insurance, Bond,

Guarantee or Security or proof of payment of the same provided that the original shall
be made available to the Engineer within a reasonable time after proof of payment.
Pay Items and Pay Units shall be:-
1 19 (1) Provide all necessary Insurances Lump Sum

119 (2) Provide all necessary Bonds, Securities Lump Sum
24

100 - General

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STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION AND

MAINTENANCE OF ROADS AND BRIDGES (SCAlS) 100 - General

Where the following abbreviations are used in these Specifications or on the

102 DEFINITIONS & EXPLANATIONS

However where the definition & explanations in the General Conditions of

At all times - Throughout the Contract period.

Bridge - A roadway structure including supports, erected normally over a waterway,

Drawings - See Plans

Laboratory Any laboratory authorized by the Engineer.

Lower Sub-base - See Capping Layer.

Pavement Structure - The combination of Sub-base, Base and Surfacings placed on a

(i) Sub-base - The layer or layers of specified or selected material of designated

(ii) Base The layer or layers of specified or selected material of designated

(i) Working Drawings Supplemental drawings and or sketch diagrams, supplied

Road formation - See Road bed.

Roadway - Area covered by the carriageway, shoulders and drains.

Selected Subgrade - See Capping Layers.

Specification - The compilation of provisions and requirements for the performance of

(i) Standard Specifications - This book of Specifications approved for general

(ii) Supplemental Specification - Approved additions and revisions to the Standard

Subgrade - The layer of soil immediately beneath the road formation.

Unbound Bases - All aggregate Bases without coatings of aggregate by bituminous,

Upper Sub-base - In order to reduce costs, Capping Layers or Lower Sub-bases or

Unpaved Road - Earth or gravelroads.

103 ARRANGEMENTS FOR TRAFFIC WITH SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

The Contractor shall be responsible for the provision and maintenance of

103.2 Using Part of the Road

A part of carriageway shall be kept open to traffic while improvement works

103.3 Temporary Diversion

103.4 Measurement and Payment

A Traffic Safety and Control

(ii): Payment shall be made monthly.

B Provision and maintenance of temporary diversion roads, if any. Payments shall

The Pay Items and Pay Units shall be as follows;

Pay Item Description Pay Unit

103(1) Traffic safety and control Month

103(2) Provisions and maintenance of Provisional Sum

104 CONTROL OF WORKS

104.1 Not Used

104.2 Conformity with Plans and Specifications

104.3 Construction Programming

For road widening sections of existing roads

To assist with compliance of this requirement the Contractor will be restricted in

If required, the Contractor shall take into consideration, the works to be

Other work such as structural work for bridges or extension to culverts or

104.4 Not Used

104.6 Compaction Equipment

Mechanical equipment shall be used for compacting materials by rolling, tamping

It shall be understood by the Contractor that different types of materials are

All equipment shall be manufactured by established manufacturers and of

104.7 Compaction Trials

104.8 Dispersal of Hauling Equipment

Hauling equipment bringing materials to the site of work shall be dispersed

104.9 Protection to Newly Constructed Layers

Except as permitted by the Engineer, no traffic other than construction traffic

104.10 Bridge Construction Sequence

The control of traffic during the construction of the bridge shall be in

No work shall commence on a bridge until the written consent to the

104.11 Measurement and Payment

105 CONTROL OF MATERIALS

105.1 Source of Supply and Quality Requirements

Information regarding the position of Borrow Areas/Pits and Quarries and