Chapter 21 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Chapter 21 - Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
1. The monomers that are chemically linked together to form nucleic acids are called
a. purine bases. b. sugar-phosphoric residues.
c. nucleotides. d. nucleosides.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GOBC LO22.1.1 - Define nucleotide.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
2. Which of the following is not a pyrimidine base?

a. uracil b. thymine c. adenine d. cytosine
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GOBC LO22.1.4 - List the nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
3. Which of the following bases is found only in DNA?

a. thymine b. uracil c. cytosine d. guanine
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
4. What is the difference between deoxyribose and ribose?

a. Deoxyribose is a d form, whereas ribose does not form either d or l forms.
b. Deoxyribose has one less oxygen atom than does ribose.
c. Ribose is found in the straight chain structure, whereas deoxyribose is not.
d. Ribose is a monosaccharide, but deoxyribose is a polysaccharide.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GOBC LO22.2.1 - Identify the sugar found exclusively in DNA.
GOBC LO22.5.1 - Identify the sugar found exclusively in RNA.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
5. Phosphate groups in DNA connect the ____ positions of neighboring sugar units.
a. 3' and 5' b. 2' and 3' c. 1' and 6' d. 2' and 5'
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GOBC LO22.1.5 - Draw the structure of a nucleotide.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1

6. Which of the following comprise a nucleic acid backbone?
a. sugar and base units b. phosphate and base units
c. phosphate and sugar units d. sugar, phosphate and base units
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
7. The bonding forces between two DNA strands in a double helix are
a. peptide linkages. b. phosphate bonds.
c. acetal bonds. d. hydrogen bonds.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GOBC LO22.3.4 - Describe the intermolecular interactions that stabilize the DNA
double helix.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
8. A complementary strand (written in the 5'-3' order) for the DNA segment AGC is _____ .
a. GCT b. TCG c. AGC d. none
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GOBC LO22.3.2 - Indicate which nitrogenous bases make up the complementary
base pairings in DNA.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
9. What is the composition of one word in the DNA sentence that calls for a specific amino acid to assemble a protein?
a. three nucleosides in sequence b. a grouping of ATP's
c. three nucleotides in sequence d. there is more than one response
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GOBC LO23.5.6 - Outline the steps of protein synthesis.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
10. The DNA molecule contains complementary nitrogen bases. There are four bases, but they pair as A-T and G-C with
no cross pairing. How is this accomplished?
a. A and G are polar leaning heavily to the positive. T and C are negative. A-G and T-C repel each other and
cannot pair.
b. A and G do not have their polar sites in the appropriate location to pair, and the same is true of T and C.
c. A and T have two matching but opposite polar sites. G and C have 3 polar sites. The two poles will not attract
and maintain attraction for three poles.
d. There is more than one correct response.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
double helix.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
11. A region of a DNA strand carrying the information needed for the synthesis of a specific protein is called a _____ .
a. codon b. gene
c. chromosome d. complementary base pair
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GOBC LO23.4.1 - Define gene.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
12. Replication of DNA produces two daughter DNA molecules in which

a. one daughter molecule contains both parent strands and one daughter molecule contains both newly
synthesized strands.
b. each daughter molecule contains one parent strand and one newly synthesized strand.
c. each daughter molecule contains two newly synthesized strands.
d. each daughter molecule contains both parent strands.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GOBC LO23.2.1 - Outline the steps of DNA replication.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
13. DNA replication by DNA polymerase occurs in the ____ direction on the template strand.
a. 5'→3' b. 3'→5' c. both ways d. none of these
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
14. Which nucleic acid contains the anticodon?

a. DNA b. rRNA c. tRNA d. mRNA
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GOBC LO23.5.5 - Describe the role of tRNA during translation.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
15. The smallest nucleic acid is _____ .

ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
16. Which of the following helps to serve as a site for protein synthesis?
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
17. A form of RNA carries information from the DNA in the nucleus to the appropriate site where proteins are
synthesized. Why is it necessary to have an intermediate in the form of RNA?
a. Proteins cannot be synthesized properly from DNA because the process calls for an additional step in the form
of an RNA molecule because of the chemistry of synthesis.
b. DNA is a large enough molecule that it can not leave the nucleus to move through the cytoplasm of the cell.
c. The code carried in the DNA molecule is too large and must be broken down in to manageable pieces. RNA
carries those pieces which are severed from the parent DNA molecule.
d. The genetic code for proteins is inherited from one's parents in the form of the RNA molecule which moves
throughout the cytoplasm.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
18. The nucleic acid which carries information for protein synthesis from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is _____ .
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
19. Which nucleic acid is formed during transcription?

ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GOBC LO23.3.1 - Outline the steps of DNA transcription.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
20. Transcription and translation of the mRNA molecule in protein synthesis occurs in two different locations. Translation
occurs
a. in the nucleus. b. in the cytoplasm.
c. in the mitochondria. d. at the cellular membrane.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
21. Which of the following represents the correct order in the flow of genetic information?
a. mRNA→DNA→proteins b. mRNA→tRNA→proteins
c. DNA→mRNA→proteins d. rRNA→mRNA→proteins
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
22. An RNA chain being synthesized grows in the ____ direction.

a. 5'→3' b. 3'→5'
c. either direction d. none of the choices
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
23. During transcription, the base adenine in DNA pairs with the base ____ in the new mRNA.
a. guanine b. thymine c. cytosine d. uracil
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
24. When the DNA sequence AGGCT is transcribed, the corresponding mRNA sequence, written in 5'-3' order, is _____ .
a. TCCGA b. UGGCA c. AGCCU d. UGCCA
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
25. DNA segments in eukaryotic cells which carry information for protein synthesis are called _____ .
a. introns b. exons
c. heterogeneous DNA d. heterogeneous nuclear DNA

ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GOBC LO23.4.3 - Define exon.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
26. Viruses infect cells by

a. embedding in cell membranes. b. immediate destruction of cells.
c. injecting their nucleic acid into cells. d. withdrawing cellular contents.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GOBC LO29.1.3 - Explain how the immune system recognizes self from non-self.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
27. Which nucleic acid carries the codons?

a. DNA b. mRNA c. tRNA d. rRNA
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GOBC LO23.5.2 - Define codon.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
28. Codons provide the information needed to synthesize which of the following?
a. mRNA b. tRNA c. DNA d. proteins
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
29. How many three-letter combinations are present in the genetic code?
a. 32 b. 64 c. 16 d. 88
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GOBC LO23.5.1 - Describe the genetic code.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
30. The chain initiation codon is _____ .

a. AUU b. CUC c. AUG d. UUU
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1

KEYWORDS: Chemistry
31. To which of the following do amino acids bind during protein synthesis?
a. DNA b. tRNA c. rRNA d. mRNA
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
32. Movement of a ribosome along a mRNA is termed _____ .

a. translocation b. lateration c. elongation d. translation
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
33. The molecular basis of a mutation is most closely linked to a

a. defect in the transcription of a genetic message to mRNA.
b. change in the sequence of bases on a DNA molecule.
c. defect in the rRNA of ribosomes.
d. misplaced stop codon.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GOBC LO23.1.4 - Define mutation.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
34. What is the natural ratio of normal DNA duplication to incorrect DNA duplication due to a mistake and copy?
a. 1,000:1 b. 1,000,000:1
c. 10,000,000,000:1 d. 100,000,000,000,000:1
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
35. Chemicals which cause mutations are called _____ .

a. mutagens b. mutations
c. genetic inhibitors d. genetic modifiers
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GOBC LO23.1.4 - Define mutation.

KEYWORDS: Chemistry
36. Recombinant DNA in genetic engineering is

a. DNA with an unusual ability to recombine.
b. bacterial DNA.
c. denatured DNA.
d. DNA formed by combining portions of DNA from two different organisms.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GOBC LO23.6.1 - Define recombinant DNA.
GOBC LO23.6.2 - Define genetic engineering.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
37. Enzymes used in genetic engineering to cleave DNA are called _____ .
a. restriction enzymes b. ligases
c. hydrolases d. lyases
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GOBC LO21.2.1 - Classify enzymes according to the type of reaction they
catalyze.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
38. A circular form of DNA located in the cytoplasm of cells is called a _____ .
a. plastid b. plasmid c. palindrome d. chromosome
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
39. What symptoms should an individual that has been stung by an insect exhibit that indicate anaphylactic shock?
a. the area about the sting becoming red and a tightening of the skin
b. shortness of breath and swelling in the throat
c. coughing, headache, and nausea
d. All of these responses are symptoms of anaphylactic shock.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GOBC LO29.1.3 - Explain how the immune system recognizes self from non-self.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
40. Which of the following statements about DNA profiling is false?

a. The percent of differences in DNA between people is great (99.9%).

b. Small DNA samples can be used through a process called PCR.
c. Everyone has different DNA, except identical twins.
d. DNA can be extracted from almost any biological sample.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GOBC LO23.2.7 - Describe the polymerase chain reaction laboratory technique.
GOBC LO23.4.1 - Define gene.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
41. Which of the following have been produced by genetic engineering?

a. human insulin b. interferon
c. malaria vaccine d. all have
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GOBC LO23.6.2 - Define genetic engineering.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
42. What do restriction enzymes do?

a. restrict enzyme activity
b. regulate the type of DNA allowed into a bacterial cell
c. catalyze the manufacture of DNA
d. limit enzyme growth
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GOBC LO21.2.2 - Predict the function of an enzyme based on its name.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
43. Which of the following is not a code for chain termination in DNA?
a. UAA b. UAG c. AGU d. UGA
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
44. -phosphate-sugar-phosphate-sugar- is an example of a ____ backbone.

a. human b. chemical
c. nucleic acid d. all the choices
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1

KEYWORDS: Chemistry
45. A codon is a sequence of ____ nucleotide bases that represents a code word on mRNA molecules.
a. 2 b. 4 c. 3 d. 5
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
46. What type of bonding holds the two intertwined polynucleotide chains of the DNA double helix together?
a. covalent b. hydrogen c. polar d. ionic
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
double helix.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
47. The process by which an exact copy of a DNA molecule is produced is _____ .
a. recombination b. translocation c. transcription d. replication
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
48. What are restriction enzymes?

a. Carriers of foreign DNA into a cell that "restrict" the type of DNA introduced into the cell in the recombinant
DNA technique.
b. Protective enzymes found in some bacteria that "restrict" the type of DNA allowed in the bacterial cell by
catalyzing the cleaving of other types of DNA.
c. Circular, double-stranded DNA found in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells that "restrict" the amount of DNA in
the bacteria.
d. DNA of an organism that contains genetic material that comes from another organism and "restricts" the
enzymatic activity of the host.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GOBC LO21.2.2 - Predict the function of an enzyme based on its name.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
49. The following segment of a nucleic acid could be identified as _____ .

a. GCTQ b. ATCG c. TACG d. GCAT

ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GOBC LO22.1.6 - Use abbreviations to identify nucleotides.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
50. Which of the following bases would be found in both DNA and RNA?
a. b.
c. d. More than one response is correct.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
51. Two bases in adjacent strands of DNA form two hydrogen bonds. These two bases would be
a. G and C. b. A and T. c. A and U. d. C and T.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
double helix.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
52. Which of the following correctly describes the segment of the nucleic acid shown?
a. This is a segment of DNA.

b. It has a 3’ → 5’ phosphodiester linkage.

c. The sugar involved is deoxyribose.
d. All of the responses are correct.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
GOBC LO22.2.1 - Identify the sugar found exclusively in DNA.
GOBC LO22.3.1 - Describe the directionality of the strands in a DNA double helix.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
53. Write the sequence of mRNA in the 3' to 5' direction that would be synthesized from the following DNA sequence.
5' C—G—A—T—T—C 3'
a. G—C—T—A—A—G b. G—A—A—U—C—G
c. G—C—U—A—A—G d. G—A—A—T—C—G
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GOBC LO23.3.4 - Identify the RNA base sequence that results from a given DNA
base sequence.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
54. Which of the following processes is associated with the flow of genetic information?
a. replication b. transcription
c. translation d. More than one answer is correct.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GOBC LO23.1.1 - State the central dogma of molecular biology.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
55. Which of the following processes is associated with the production of protein from mRNA?
a. replication b. transcription
c. translation d. More than one response is correct.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GOBC LO23.5.3 - Identify the types of RNA involved in translation.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
56. The genetic code is based on a total of ___ codons.

a. 3 b. 9 c. 16 d. 64
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1

GOBC LO23.5.2 - Define codon.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
57. With recombinant DNA work, a type of DNA has been used as a means of introducing a new gene into
bacteria. Shown below, this type of DNA is referred to as a(n) _____.
a. plasmid b. vector
c. DNA polymerase d. intron
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
58. DNA fingerprinting has become an important tool during the investigation of a crime scene. Which of the following
processes is not considered a portion of DNA fingerprinting?
a. gel electrophoresis b. PCR amplification
c. reverse transcription d. radioactivity detection
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GOBC LO23.2.7 - Describe the polymerase chain reaction laboratory technique.
GOBC LO23.5.1 - Describe the genetic code.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
59. DNA and RNA are polymers produced from monomers containing specific sugar molecules.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
GOBC LO22.5.1 - Identify the sugar found exclusively in RNA.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
60. Adenine is a purine base

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1

KEYWORDS: Chemistry
61. Cytosine and guanine can form two hydrogen bonds between them.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
double helix.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
62. Uracil replaces the thymine in DNA when RNA is produced.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
63. Insulin produced by bacteria through genetic engineering is chemically identical to human insulin.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
64. The DNA molecule is significantly smaller than the RNA molecule.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GOBC LO22.5.3 - Identify the differences in secondary structure between DNA
and RNA.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
65. DNA molecules are in the form of a double helix with the two strands running parallel and in the same direction.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
double helix.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
66. Ligases are usually used to cleave DNA molecules in genetic engineering.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
catalyze.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
67. DNA duplicates by unzipping and forming the new molecules from one end to the other.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
68. A primary purpose of genetic engineering is to develop new ways to make protein molecules.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
69. Modified plasmids can diffuse into bacterial cells.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
70. Restriction enzymes have been used as protective enzymes by bacteria.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
catalyze.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
71. Only two restriction enzymes have been discovered.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
catalyze.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
72. One difference between DNA and RNA is that DNA has two strands, but RNA has only one strand.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GOBC LO22.5.3 - Identify the differences in secondary structure between DNA
and RNA.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
73. In RNA, the complement to the base guanine is cystine.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
74. Amino acids are moved from various positions in the cell to the ribosomes due to the information present in the tDNA
molecule.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GOBC LO23.1.2 - Identify the overall function of DNA.
GOBC LO23.1.3 - Identify the overall function of RNA.

KEYWORDS: Chemistry
75. The site of protein synthesis is the ribosome.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
76. Each amino acid in a protein synthesis is specified by only one codon in the genetic code.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
77. The participation of tRNA is performed by the formation of a coordinate covalent bond between the tRNA and a
specific amino acid.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
78. The function of the mRNA molecule is to carry information from the DNA in the nucleus of the cell to locations
outside the nucleus.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
79. The following is the sugar found in DNA.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
80. The base shown below is one of the pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
81. The tRNA anticodon and amino acid that correspond to the mRNA codon GUC are CAG and alanine, respectively.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
82. The following base could be found in both DNA and RNA.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
83. While the nitrogen base uracil is only found in RNA, ribose is found in both DNA and RNA.
a. True

b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
84. During replication of DNA, the process occurs at several locations at the same time.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
85. Cloning is a semiconservative process with results in an offspring that has half of its genetic material from recombinat
DNA research.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
86. The goal of the human genome project is to identify and determine the sequence of the human genetic code which
consists about 20,000 genes.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
87. Genetically modified foods have been produced and used by people for centuries.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry

88. Which of the following is true of ribonucleic acid?
a. It refers to the repeating structural unit of polymeric nucleic acids.
b. It is a nucleic acid found primarily in the nuclei of cells.
c. It is a sugar-phosphate chain to which the heterocyclic bases are attached.
d. It refers to the nucleic acid found mainly in the cytoplasm of cells.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GOBC LO23.1.3 - Identify the overall function of RNA.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
89. Which of the following statements is true of a double-helical DNA?

a. Wherever there is an adenine on one strand of a helix, there must be a guanine on the other strand.
b. Wherever there is an adenine on one strand of a helix, there must be a thymine on the other strand.
c. Wherever there is a guanine on one strand of a helix, there must be a thymine on the other strand.
d. Wherever there is a thymine on one strand of a helix, there must be a cytosine on the other strand.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GOBC LO22.3.3 - Predict the base sequence of a complementary DNA strand
given a template strand.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
90. RNA that carries genetic information from the DNA in the cell nucleus to the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm
a. Ribosome
b. Messenger RNA
c. Ribosomal RNA
d. Transfer RNA
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
91. RNA that delivers individual amino acid molecules to the site of protein synthesis
a. Ribosome
b. Messenger RNA
c. Ribosomal RNA
d. Transfer RNA
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry

92. RNA that constitutes about 65% of the material in ribosomes, the sites of protein synthesis
a. Ribosome
b. Messenger RNA
c. Ribosomal RNA
d. Transfer RNA
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GOBC LO23.5.4 - Describe the function of rRNA during translation.
KEYWORDS: Chemistry
93. A subcellular particle that serves as the site of protein synthesis in all organisms
a. Ribosome
b. Messenger RNA
c. Ribosomal RNA
d. Transfer RNA
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
KEYWORDS: Chemistry

Chapter 21 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

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Chapter 21 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

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Chapter 21 - Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

2. Which of the following is not a pyrimidine base?

3. Which of the following bases is found only in DNA?

4. What is the difference between deoxyribose and ribose?

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1

12. Replication of DNA produces two daughter DNA molecules in which

14. Which nucleic acid contains the anticodon?

15. The smallest nucleic acid is _____ .

19. Which nucleic acid is formed during transcription?

22. An RNA chain being synthesized grows in the ____ direction.

c. heterogeneous DNA d. heterogeneous nuclear DNA

26. Viruses infect cells by

27. Which nucleic acid carries the codons?

30. The chain initiation codon is _____ .

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GOBC LO23.5.2 - Define codon.

32. Movement of a ribosome along a mRNA is termed _____ .

33. The molecular basis of a mutation is most closely linked to a

35. Chemicals which cause mutations are called _____ .

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GOBC LO23.1.4 - Define mutation.

36. Recombinant DNA in genetic engineering is

40. Which of the following statements about DNA profiling is false?

a. The percent of differences in DNA between people is great (99.9%).

41. Which of the following have been produced by genetic engineering?

42. What do restriction enzymes do?

44. -phosphate-sugar-phosphate-sugar- is an example of a ____ backbone.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GOBC LO22.1.5 - Draw the structure of a nucleotide.

48. What are restriction enzymes?

49. The following segment of a nucleic acid could be identified as _____ .

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 10

a. GCTQ b. ATCG c. TACG d. GCAT

c. d. More than one response is correct.

a. This is a segment of DNA.

b. It has a 3’ → 5’ phosphodiester linkage.

56. The genetic code is based on a total of ___ codons.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GOBC LO23.5.1 - Describe the genetic code.

60. Adenine is a purine base

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 13

62. Uracil replaces the thymine in DNA when RNA is produced.

69. Modified plasmids can diffuse into bacterial cells.

70. Restriction enzymes have been used as protective enzymes by bacteria.

71. Only two restriction enzymes have been discovered.

73. In RNA, the complement to the base guanine is cystine.

GOBC LO23.1.3 - Identify the overall function of RNA.

75. The site of protein synthesis is the ribosome.

79. The following is the sugar found in DNA.

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89. Which of the following statements is true of a double-helical DNA?

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