4th Quarter

Week 5-6

Understanding
Chemical Reactions
and Equations
 MELCs
Apply the principles of
conservation of mass to
chemical reactions (S10MT-IVe-g-
23)
 Learning Objectives
⮚ Identify the reactants and products in
the chemical reactions.
⮚ Write chemical equations of chemical
reactions.
⮚ Classify the reactions according to the
different types of chemical reaction
Tarnishing Burnin
 Combustion

Chemical
Rusting Change
Chemical Change
- is a change of materials into another, new materials
with different properties and one or more than one
new substances are formed.
 Evidence of a chemical change
✔ Gas Bubbles Appear
✔ Formation of a Precipitate
✔ Color Change
✔ Temperature Change
✔ Production of Light
✔ Volume Change
✔ Change in Smell or Taste
Chemical Change

Chemical Reaction
 The law of conservation of mass
- states that in a chemical
reaction, mass is neither
created nor destroyed.

Total Mass of Reactant

=
Total Mass of Product
Antoine Lavoisier
Chemical Reaction
- is a process through which one or more
substances are changed into different
substances
REACTANT PRODUCT

original resulting
substances substances

- It may be written in two ways : Chemical Equation or

Word Equation
Representing Chemical Reactions
- represented by Chemical Equation
- Consisting of symbols and formulas
- It present the identities and relative
amounts of the reactants and products
involved

REACTANT PRODUCT
- Coefficients give an idea of the number of
molecules or formula units of a substance
that participate in the reaction.
- Subscripts tell how many atoms are
present in a specific compound.
Symbols in Chemical Equations
+
- Left side: “combines with” or “reacts with”
- Right side: “and”

H + Cl HCl
2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2
Symbols in Chemical Equations

- Separates reactants from products

- Read as “yields” or “produces”

H + Cl HCl
(s) - indicates a solid reactant or product
(l) - indicates a liquid reactant or product
(g) - indicates a gas reactant or product
(aq) - indicates that the reactant or
product is in an aqueous solution

(g) (g) (l)

- Indicates that heat must
be supplied to reactants
before a reaction occurs

- The substance written Catalyst

above the arrow is a
catalyst or a solvent
Chemical Equation

Word Equation
Word Equations
- Presents the reactants and products of a chemical
reaction using words. It has only qualitative meaning

H + Cl HCl
Hydrogen gas combines with chlorine gas
produces hydrogen chloride gas
Sample problem:
1. After heating a metal strip of magnesium (Mg) in the
presence of oxygen gas (O2), a white powder was seen
on the wire gauze. The white powder was found to be
magnesium oxide (MgO).
Using this information, write the corresponding chemical equation
and word equation representing the reaction.
REACTANT PRODUCT

CE: Mg(s) + O2 (g) MgO (s)

Magnesium combines with Oxygen gas

WE:
produces Magnesium Oxide
Sample problem:
2. The reaction between solid iron (Fe) metal and
chlorine (Cl2) gas produces powdered ferric chloride
(FeCl3).
Using this information, write the corresponding chemical equation
and word equation representing the reaction.
REACTANT PRODUCT

CE: Fe (s) + Cl2 (g) FeCl3 (s)

Solid Iron combines with Chlorine gas
WE:
produces Ferric Chloride
 Types of Chemical Reactions:

1. Combination Reaction
- Also known as synthesis reaction
- Two or more substances combine to form new compound

General: A+B AB

Ex: 2Na(s) + Cl2 (g) 2NaCl(s)

H2 (g) + O (g) H2O(l)
 Types of Chemical Reactions:

2. Decomposition Reaction
- The breaking down of a single compound to produce two or
more simpler substances

General: AB A+B
Ex:
 Types of Chemical Reactions:

3. Single Replacement Reaction

- Or substitution reaction
- One element replaces another element in a compound

General:
AB + X AX + B
Ex:
 Types of Chemical Reactions:

4. Double Replacement Reaction

- Also called metathesis or double decomposition reaction
- The ions of two compounds exchange places, forming two
new compounds

General: AX + BY AY + BX

Ex: AgNO3 (aq) + NaCl(aq) AgCl(s) + NaNO3 (aq)

 Types of Chemical Reactions:

5. Combustion
- When oxygen combines with a hydrocarbon to form a water
and carbon dioxide

General:

Ex:
 Types of Chemical Reactions:

6. Acid-Base Reaction
- A kind of double displacement reaction that takes place
when H+ (acid) reacts with OH- (base) forming water

General: (H+) Acid + (OH-) Salt + Water

Ex: HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O

Let us Try:

8Al2S3(s) 16Al(s) + 3S8(s)

Decomposition Reaction
NH3(g) + HCl(g) NH4Cl(s)

Combination Reaction
Let us Try:

HBr + KOH KBr + H2O

Acid-Base Reaction

C4H10 + O2 CO2 + H20

Combustion
Let us Try:
PbCl2(aq) + 2AgNO3(aq) Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2AgCl(s)

Double Replacement Reaction

2NaBr(s) + Cl2(g) 2NaCl(s) + Br2(g)

Single Replacement Reaction