Analog Integrated Circuits 2023

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Experiment No: 1 Date :

Aim

Study and understand the open loop characteristics of differential amplifier, inverting amplifier
and non-inverting amplifier using LTspice.

Theory
1. Differential open loop amplifier
In the differential amplifier input is applied to both inverting and non-inverting terminals.
There is no feedback present in the circuit.

Since the Op-amp amplifies the difference between the two input signals, this configuration
is called differential amplifier. As no feedback is present in this differential configuration, it
is known as open loop differential configuration of op-amp.
As Vo = AOLVd
= AOL (Vp-Vn)
∴ Vo = AOL (Vin2 – Vin1)
Thus, the output voltage is equal to the voltage gain (A) times the difference between the
two input voltages.

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2. Inverting open loop amplifier
In the inverting amplifier, input voltage is applied at the inverting input terminal and the
non- inverting terminal is grounded. There is no feedback present in the circuit.

As Vo = AOLVd
= AOL (Vp-Vn)
Since VP = 0V and Vn = Vin
∴ Vo = AOL (0 – Vin)
∴ Vo = - AOL Vin
The negative sign indicates that the output voltage is out of phase by 180° from input. In
this, the input signal is amplified by gain A OL and is also inverted at the output. No feedback
is present in this inverting configuration hence it is known as open loop inverting
configuration of op-amp.

3. Non-inverting open loop amplifier

In non-inverting amplifier, input voltage is applied to the non-inverting terminal and the
inverting terminal is grounded. There is no feedback present in the circuit.

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As Vo = AOLVd
= AOL (Vp-Vn)
Since VP = Vin and Vn = 0 V
∴ Vo = AOL (Vin-0)
∴ Vo = AOL Vin
There is positive sign in above equation. This means that the output voltage is larger than
the input voltage by gain AOL and in phase with the input signal.
As the input signal is not inverted at output, it is a non-inverting amplifier. No feedback is
present in this non-inverting configuration hence it is known as open loop non-inverting
configuration of op-amp.

Lab exercise:

1. Obtain the output voltage of a differential open loop amplifier having Vin1 = 1 V PP , 1 kHz
and Vin2 = 2VPP , 1 kHz.

Circuit diagram

Output waveform

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 Analog Integrated Circuits 2023

2. Obtain the output voltage of the open loop inverting amplifier. Input voltage is 1V (peak) ,
5kHz sine wave.

Circuit diagram

Input and output waveform

3. Obtain the output voltage of the open loop non-inverting amplifier. Input voltage is
5V (peak), 5kHz sine wave.

Circuit diagram

Input and output waveform

Result:

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