HISTOLOGIC FINDING AND ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY OF FUNGAL INFECTIONS##BY : RAJA PARDOMUAN

HARAHAP

Based on morphology, lumps fungi grouped into mold or yeast. Which morphology
defined as a cell that reproduces by budding or fission when a progenitor or
“mother” cell pinches off a portion of itself to produce a progeny or “daughter”
cell?
1
Yeast

2
Which morphology defined as multicellular organisms consisting of threadlike
tubular structures called hyphae ?
Mold

3
The#hyphae form together to produce a matlike structure called as what?
Mycelium

When growing on agar or other solid surfaces, molds produce hyphae, that grow on or
beneath the surface of the culture medium. What type are these hyphae called?
4
Vegetative hyphae

When growing on agar or other solid surfaces, molds produce hyphae that project
above the surface of the medium. What type are these hyphae called?
5
Aerial hyphae

What type of hyphae may produce conidia?

6
Aerial hyphae

The conidia may be produced by either a blastic (budding)#process or a thallic

process, where hyphal segments fragment#into individual cells called as what?
7
Arthroconidia

8
What is the teleomorph of Histoplasma capsulatum?
Ajellomyces capsulatum

Asexual elements of reproductive fungi consist of two general type of spores. Name
them!
9
Sporangiospores, conidia

What type of asexual spores produced#in a containing structure or sporangia?

10
Sporangiospores

Name two genera that have asexual spores produced#in a containing structure or
sporangia.
11
Rhizopus, Mucor

Name seven fungi that have arthroconidia.

12
Hortaea werneckii
Trichosporon sp.
Dermatophytes = Microsporum, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton
Coccidioides
Blastoschizomyces capitatus (Dipodascus capitatus)

Which species does not have arthroconidia?##1. Microsporum#2. Trichophyton #3.

Epidermophyton#4. Coccidioides#5. Talaromyces
13
5

What is the teleomorph of Blastoschizomyces capitatus?

14
Dipodascus capitatus

15
Which only fungal species forms aleurioconidia?
Aspergillus terreus

16
Name four fungi that form blastoconidia.
Candida
Trichosporon
Blastomyces dermatitis
Paracoccidioide brasiliensis

17
Name eight fungi that form septate hyphae.
All in class Eurotiomycetes : Dermatophytes, Blastomyces, Histoplasma, Aspergillus,
Fusarium, Scedosporium
All dimorphic fungi : Coccidioides, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Sporothrix
schenckii, Talaromyces marneffei
Hortaea werneckii
All causes of eumycotic mycetoma : Aspergillus nidulans, Madurella, Fusarium,
Phaeoacremonium, Scedosporium boydii, Exophiala jeanselmei
All causes of subcutaneous mycosis, EXCEPT causes of subcutaneous
entomophthoromycosis (order Mucorales in class Mucormycetes)

Which fungal class that forms pauciseptate hyphae?

18
Mucormycetes

What is the species?

19
Rhinosporidium seeberi

20
Name the species?
Emmonsia crescens

21
What is the species?
Coccidioides immitis

22
What is the causative agent for this ground-glass opacification in AIDS patients?
Pneumocystis jiroveci

23
What is the causative agent?
Rhizopus oryzae

Rhinocerebral zygomycosis

24
What is the etiologic agents?
Candida albicans

Macronodular skin lesions associated with hematogenously

disseminated candidiasis.

25
What is the etiologic agent?
Cryptococcus neoformans

Disseminated fungal infection. A liver transplant recipient developed six cutaneous

lesions similar to the one shown. Biopsy and serum antigen testing demonstrated
Cryptococcus. Important features of the lesion include a benign appearing fleshy
papule with central umbilication resembling molluscum contagiosum.

26
Which fungi causes alveolar inflammation due to impaired macrophage clearance in
setting of impaired T cell immunity caused by HIV?##1. Pneumocystis jiroveci#2.
Aspergillus fumigatus#3. Cryptococcus neoformans#4. Histoplasma capsulatum#5.
Candida albicans
1
Innate immunity with collectins as soluble PRR
Collectins also recognize terminal mannose residues and fructose
Receptor mannose-binding lectin in mannose-binding lectin complement pathway

27
Which fungi causes lung infection due to granulomatous inflammation?##1.
Histoplasma capsulatum#2. Cryptococcus neoformans#3. Pneumocystis jiroveci#4.
Candida albicans#5. Aspergillus fumigatus
1
Review group of fungal infection
Review the reservoir
Review the mycotoxin

28
What is the species? Phase?
Histoplasma capsulatum
Yeast

29
What is the species? Phase?
Histoplasma capsulatum
Mold

30
What is the species? Phase?
Histoplasma capsulatum
Yeast

What is the species?

31
Candida albicans
Calcofluor white stain

32
What is the species?
Cryptococcus neoformans

33
What is the genus?
Aspergillus

34
What stain is used?
Giemsa stain showing intracystic and trophic forms of Pneumocystis jirovecii

35
Which fungal species inhibits the production of cytokines, such as TNF and IL-12 by
macrophages and stimulates production of IL-10, thus inhibiting macrophage
activation?##1. Pneumocystis jiroveci#2. Cryptococcus neoformans#3. Histoplasma
capsulatum#4. Aspergillus fumigatus#5. Candida albicans
2

36
Which is the transcription factor important for regulation ILC1 cells for
intracellular fungi?##1. T-bet#2. GATA-3#3. RORgamma - t#4. Lymphoid tissue inducer
(LTi)
1

37
Defective of which T-helper responses are susceptible to chronic mucocutaneous
Candida infections?##1. Th1#2. Th2#3. Th17#4. ILC1-mediated cells#5. ILC2-mediated
cells
3

38
Defective of which T-helper responses are susceptible to histoplasmosis, but may
elicit granulomatous inflammation?##1. Th1#2. Th2#3. Th17#4. ILC2-mediated cells
1

39
What stain is used?
Calcofluor white stain demonstrating budding yeasts and pseudohyphae of Candida
albicans.

40
What stain is used?
Gram stain of Cryptococcus neoformans. Variable-sized, encapsulated, budding yeasts
showing a stippled pattern resulting from uneven retention of crystal violet stain.

41
What is the species?
Pneumocystis jiroveci

What is the species? Phase?

42
Histoplasma capsulatum

What is the species? Phase?

43
Pneumocystis jiroveci
Cyst

What is the genus? Staining?

44
Rhizopus
Silver stain

45
What stain is used?
Silver stain

What is the probable species?

46
Malassezia furfur

47
What is the staining used?
Hematoxylin and Eosin staining

Tinea nigra. Dematiaceous hyphae of Hortaea werneckii (hematoxylin and eosin

What is the diagnosis?

48
Tinea/pityriasis versicolor

Malassezia furfur

Liplike collarette around the point of bud is typical morphology of which yeastlike
fungi?
49
Malassezia furfur

50
What stain is used?
Giemsa stain

51
What is the species?
Trichophyton rubrum

Macroconidia? Microconidia? Rare? True?

52
What is the causative agent?
Mucor sp

What is the species?

53
Microsporum canis

54
What is the species?
Epidermophyton floccosum

55
What is the diagnosis?
Tinea nigra

56
What is the species?
Trichophyton tonsurans

57
What is the genus?
Mucor sp.

58
What is the species?
Aspergillus fumigatus

59
What is the species?
Trichophyton mentagrophytes

cigar-shaped macroconidia and grapelike clusters of microconidia

60
What is the species? Stain?
Cryptococcus neoformans
Mayer mucicarmine stain

61
What stain is used?
Lactophenol cotton blue stain

62
What is the species? Stain?
Cryptococcus neorformans
Mayer mucicarmine stain

63
What is the species? Stain?
Cryptococcus neoformans
India ink

64
What is the causative agent?
Candida albicans

Thrush

65
What is the causative agent?
Candida albicans
Diaper rash

66
What is the pointed structure?
Pseudohyphae

67
What is the typical name of this appearance?
Ship captain’s wheel appearance
Pilot’s wheel appearance

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Gomori methenamine silver stain
Yeast with multiple buds
68
What is the species?
Blastomyces dermatitidis

69
In which phase is this fungi?
Yeast

Histoplasma capsulatum within macrophage

70
In which temperature is this fungi?
250C Mold

Coccidioides immitis

Bentukan?

71
In which temperature is this fungi?
370C spherule with endospores

Coccidioides immitis

DD?

72
What is the causative agent?
Sporothrix schenckii

73
What is the diagnosis?
Tinea corporis

74
What is the species?
Aspergillus fumigatus

75
What is the species?
Aspergillus terreus

76
What is the species?
Aspergillus niger

77
What is the pathognomonic finding for this species?
Aleurioconidia

Aspergillus terreus

78
What is the genus?
Rhizopus

79
What is the genus? Stain?
Aspergillus

Gomori methenamine silver

80
What is the pathognomonic element found formed by this species?
Aleurioconidia

Aspergillus terreus

81
What is the species?
Pneumocystis jirovecii

82
What is the pathognomonic element found formed by this genus?
Sickle-shaped macroconidia

83
What is the species?
Fusarium oxysporum

84
What is the teleomorph species?
Pseudallescheria apiosperma

Anamorph = Scedosporium apiospermum

Lactophenol cotton blue

85
What is the species? Phase?
Pneumocystis jirovecii#Intracystic form

86
What is the pathognomonic element found formed by this species?
Muriform conidia

Alternaria alternata

87
What is the genus?
Bipolaris/Curvularia

88
What is the species?
Alternaria alternata

89
What is the species?
Phialophora verrucosa

What disease?

90
What is the genus?
Rhizopus
91
What is the type of growth of this fungi near hair, based on the location of the
arthroconidia?
Ectothrix

Microsporum canis

92
In which temperature is this phase?
250C, MOLD

Histoplasma capsulatum

93
What is the species?
Histoplasma capsulatum

94
What is the diagnosis?
Rhinofacial entomophthoromycosis

95
What is the alternative species as the causative agent of this deformation?
Basidiobolus haptosporus
Basidiobolus ranarum

96
Name five fungi that cause this.
Exophiala
Cladophialophora (Cladosporum) carrionii
Fonsecaea pedrosoi
Fonsecaea compacta
Phialophora verrucosa
Rhinocladiella

Medlar bodies

97
What is the typical name for this macroscopic finding?
Cauliflower-like lesions

Chromblastomycosis/chromomycosis

Exophiala
Cladophialophora (Cladosporum) carrionii
Fonsecaea pedrosoi
Fonsecaea compacta
Phialophora verrucosa
Rhinocladiella

98
In which phase is this fungi? What is the typical appearance for this phase?
Mold
Daisy petal appearance

99
What does the black arrow point at?
Chlamydospore
100
What is the stain used?
Gomori methenamine silver stain

Candida sp.