MYCOTOXIN & MYCOTOXICOSES#Source : Murray

Rizka A. Maghfirah

1. What kind of fungi that can produce toxin?

Filamentous fungi
2

2. Gliotoxins are produced by what fungal species?

Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus parasiticus
Aspergillus fumigatus
Fusarium moniliforme
Claviceps purpurea
3
3

3. What is the most common aflatoxin-producing species?

Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus parasiticus
Aspergillus fumigatus
Fusarium moniliforme
Claviceps purpurea
1
4

4. What is the most potent natural carcinogen aflatoxin?

Aflatoxin B1
5

5. Name 2 species that can produce aflatoxin.

Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus.
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6. In Human, What is the manifestation of acute aflatoxicosis?

Acute hepatitis
7

7. Mention 2 manifestations of pediatric aflatoxicosis.

Kwashiorkor and Reye syndrome.
8

8. Chronic low-level exposure to aflatoxins in the diet is considered a risk factor

for the development of what manifestation?
Acute Hepatitis
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Necrosis of the lower limbs
Hallucinations
Muscle spasm
2
9

9. Mention 2 sources of human aflatoxicosis

Peanuts, Cereal grains
10

10. Name the fungal species that can produce mycotoxin and also be used to produce
cheese.
Penicillium camemberti
11
11. Name the fungal species that can produce mycotoxin and also be used to produce
sake.
Aspergillus oryzae
12

12. What is the mycotoxicosis that is caused by citrinin?

Red mold disease
Moldy Sugarcane Poisoning
Yellow rice disease
Kodua poisoning
3
13

13. What is the acid that compound ia all kind of ergot alkaloid?
Lysergic acid
14

14. There are 2 form of ergotism. One of them is marked by peripheral

vasoconstriction and necrosis of the distal extremities. What is the primary fungal
species that associated with these manifestations?
Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus parasiticus
Claviceps purpurea
Claviceps fusiformis
Fusarium moniliforme
3
15

15. There are 2 form of ergotism. One of them is marked by muscle spasms, seizures,
and hallucinations. What is the primary fungal species that associated with these
manifestations?
Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus parasiticus
Claviceps purpurea
Claviceps fusiformis
Fusarium moniliforme
4
16

16. There are 2 form of ergotism. One of them is marked by muscle spasms, seizures,
and hallucinations. What is the alkaloid group that associated with these
manifestations?
Clavine group
17

17. There are 2 form of ergotism. One of them is marked by peripheral

vasoconstriction and necrosis of the distal extremities. What is the alkaloid group
that associated with these manifestations?
ergotamine group
18

18. Mention the other name of Fusarium moniliforme

(F. verticillioides
19

19. Fumonisin B1 in horse will be causing...

Pulmonary edema
Esophageal cancer
Leukoencephalomalacia
Hydrothorax
Hepatocellular carcinoma
3
20

20. International Agency for Research on Cancer classified fumonisin into what
group of carcinogen?
1A
2A
1B
2B
2C
2
21

21. Which disease that is associated with ochratoxin?

Onyalai disease
Akakabi-byo
Moldy sugarcane disease
Balkan Endemic Nephropathy
Alimentary Toxic aleukia
4
22

22. Mention 3 most potent trichothecenes

T-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), deoxynivalenol (DON or vomitoxin, fusarenon-X
23

23. Akakabi-byo can be caused by ingestion of grain contaminated with what fungal
species?
Fusarium moniliforme
Fusarium oxysporum
Fusarium graminearum
Fusarium proliferatum
Fusarium solani
3
24

24. What is the mycotoxin that causes alimentary toxic aleukia?

Deoxynivalenol
Fusarenon-X
Diacetoxyscirpenol
3-Nitropropionic acid
3
25

25. What is the fungal genera that is associated with infant idiopathic pulmonary
hemorrhage?
Stachybotrys
Fusarium
Aspergillus
Penicillium
Arthrinium
1
26

26. What is the Mechanism of Action of Cyclopiazonic acid?

Modify the DNA template
Became inhibitor of calcium-dependent ATPase
Inhibits mitochondrial ATPase
Became inhibitors of T-cell activation and proliferation
2
3 : Citreoviridin
4 : gliotoxin

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27. Cardiac beriberi can be caused by what mycotoxin?

Citreoviridin
Citrinin
Trichothecenes
Ochratoxin
Aflatoxin

28. A 36-year-old female office worker developed nausea and headache during working
hours in a refurbished office in Japan. Specific IgE antibody to cedar pollen was
positive and the ratio of TH1/TH2 was 4,5. Her anxiety level was very high
accoridng STAI questionnaire. #
What is the diagnosis?
Sick-Building Syndrome
Convulsive ergotism
Kashin-Beck Disease
Akakabi-byo
Alimentary toxic aleukia
1
29

29. A 36-year-old female office worker developed nausea and headache during working
hours in a refurbished office in Japan. Specific IgE antibody to cedar pollen was
positive and the ratio of TH1/TH2 was 4,5. Her anxiety level was very high
accoridng STAI questionnaire. #
What is the causative agent?
Fusarium oxysporum
Claviceps purpurea
Claviceps fusiformis
Stachybotrys chartarum
Stachybotrys alternans
4
30

30. A 36-year-old female office worker developed nausea and headache during working
hours in a refurbished office in Japan. Specific IgE antibody to cedar pollen was
positive and the ratio of TH1/TH2 was 4,5. Her anxiety level was very high
accoridng STAI questionnaire. #
What mycotoxin that can cause this manifestation?
Ochratoxin A
Fumonisin B1
Trichothecens
Ergot alkaloids (clavine group)
Cyclopiazonic acid
3
31