Magma is molten or partially molten rock beneath the Earth's surface.

It forms within the Earth's

mantle or crust due to the intense heat causing rocks to melt. Magma consists of various elements,
including silicate materials, dissolved gases, and water. It's extremely hot, typically ranging from
1300 to 2400 degrees Fahrenheit (700 to 1300 degrees Celsius).

Magma can vary in composition based on the types of rocks that melt and the conditions under
which they melt. Different minerals and elements within the Earth's crust and mantle have different
melting points, so the composition of magma can differ significantly from one location to another.

When magma erupts onto the Earth's surface through volcanic activity, it's then referred to as lava.
This molten rock can flow from volcanic vents or fissures, creating various landforms such as
volcanoes, lava plateaus, and volcanic islands. As it cools and solidifies, it forms igneous rocks, which
make up a significant portion of the Earth's crust.