Experiment

Determine the spring Constant of the spring

Aim:

To have a better understanding of the spring's spring constant. The purpose of the experiment
was to determine the spring constant for a particular spring that conforms to Hooke's law. This
was accomplished by using a static method in which weight values were provided to the spring,
and their various extensions have been measured.

Theory:

Over the whole of the experiment, a standard spring was used. Hooke's law states that a spring
will extend in ratio to the force that is applied on it until it reaches the elastic limit. Once it
reaches this point, any further raise in the force that is applied to the spring will cause the
spring's crystalline orbitals to change, and as a result, the spring will deform and will not return
to the initial length. Hooke's law states that a spring will extend in fraction to the force that is
applied it until it reaches the endurance deformation. During phase of the experiment that was
static, specific weights were applied to a spring in defined proportions. The weight of these
masses served as that of the force due to gravitational attraction, and as a result, the spring
extended by particular amounts after each increment. Because we already know that the
application of a force results in a proportionate rise in the length of the spring, this:

F∝x Equation 1

In this equation, x represents the extension, and the first equation may be expressed as:

F = kx Equation 2

The spring constant, indicated by the letter Ks for the section of the experiment that is static, is
referred to as K in equation 2. Because we now known that the force is proportional to the
weight of the mass, we can simply substitute this information into equation 2 to get the following
result:

mg = kx Equation 3
So, when we create the curve of force (in N) against the extension (in m), we derive the constant,
Ks, first from gradient on the graph. This is because extend is supplied as a function of load or
force, as indicated in equation 3.

Figure: 2D image of spring constant and label diagram

Material:

 Spring
 Clamp stand
 Masses
 Ruler
 Clamp

Procedure:

 Hold the spring in place with a stationary frame. From the open end, attached a pointer as
well as a hook.
  A hanging weighing should be hung on the hook.
 Position of the pointer on the vertical scale move up and down in such a way that it
comes to rest on top of the scale.
 Take note of both the measurement that is shown on the scale based on the location of the
pointer's tip. Make a note of the value in the loaded column and compare it to low loads.
 Hanger get a slot weight that weighs and add it carefully. The tip of the pointer travels
downward.
 Please be patient and wait for a few seconds as the point comes to a stop. Back to step 4.
 It is necessary to repeat steps 5 and 6 in order to add all five grooved weights.
 Now take out one of the weights in the slots. The tip of the center point keeps moving
upward. Repeat the steps 6. Make a note of the text in the column labelled "emptying."
 Repeat the steps 8 until you are left with just the hanger.
 Please make note of your findings in the space provided below.

Calculations:

Mass/kg Weight/N Length/m L2/m L3/m L Extension/m

(mean) /
m
0 0 0.025 0.022 0.023 0.023 0
0.1 0.981 0.032 0.031 0.030 0.031 0.0077
0.2 1.962 0.052 0.052 0.050 0.051 0.028
0.3 2.943 0.073 0.072 0.072 0.072 0.0487
0.4 3.924 0.094 0.093 0.811 0.092 0.0687
0.5 4.905 0.11 0.112 0.112 0.113 0.088
0.6 5.886 0.131 0.132 0.132 0.131 0.1077
0.7 6.686 0.151 0.152 0.153 0.152 0.1287
0.8 7.848 0.180 0.180 0.180 0.180 0.1567
0.9 8..829 0.205 0.207 0.206 0.206 0.1827
Graph:

The Ks is derived from the long term trend itself, but it may also be computed that use the data
points individually as follows:

Gradient = ∆y/∆x = Ext2-Ext1/F2-F1 = 0.107-0.048 /5.88 – 2.94

Gradient = 0.0206

Ks’s error

Logger Pro was used to again do this task, and the final result was 0.07146 N/m.
Results:

In during experiment, it was discovered that its spring was only ever moving a little bit, which
exacerbated its addition to detract by a minuscule amount whereas the collecting this same data
points. However, in order to minimize the impact of this movement on the laboratory activity,
the spring must have been allowed to remain almost completely still while the data points were
being collected during the experiment's static portion. Ks, the spring constant, was determined to
be 0.0206 ± 0.07146 Newton meters based on the tests.

Discussion:

Over the course of this experiment, the motion of the masses was the cause of the errors that
occurred. The gathering of data was skewed owing to tiny disturbances in the system, which led
the fore to be inaccurate. The sight mobility of the masses was the source of these disturbances.
Another potential cause of inaccuracy is the inaccuracies introduced by the tools themselves. The
Force sensor in particular had a wide error range, which was around 10 newtons and was
extremely substantial. Throughout the course of the experiment, the errors that were gathered
from the sensors were likely little but yet significant.

The inaccuracy linked with the K value is reduced when using the static approach, which
contributes to the technique's higher degree of precision. The experiment had a high level of
precision; however, if there were any areas in which it could be improved, they would include
the utilization of instruments with a higher degree of accuracy and the application of a wider
variety of weight ranges in order to obtain a value that is even more trustworthy for the springs'
constant, particularly for the static technique. The data would either be biased evenly or have a
continuous added to them if the instrumentation were not zeroed. Since the y intercept of the first
plot is the origin, it can be deduced that the spring does not extend when subjected to a force of 0
N. In the actual world, springs are used in a variety of settings, and the kind of labor that they are
put through influences the spring constant that they exhibit. For instance, the spring in a schedule
might have a very low value for K due to the fact that the case is only subjected to a very slight
level of pressure. On the other hand, the spring constant of the disqualification in a car could be a
lot larger due to the fact that the mass of the car is greater and indeed the forces felt by the
suspended sentence in the car is a bit bigger. Springs are valuable because they may be utilized
to store potentially energy and in certain circumstances absorb stress. For example, the springs
installed at the end of floors at railway stations are designed to do both of these things. The
concept of spring can be found everywhere, and if it were not for this concept, the world will be
very different.

Precautions:

 The process of the loading and unloading mass must be carried out with care.
 Only after the pointer's tip has come to a complete stop should reading be recorded.
 The tip of the needle should never contact the surface of the scale.
 The amount of loading must not exceed the elastic limit.

Source of error:

 The motion may not be completely firm.

 It's possible that the weights with slots don't have the right amount.

Comment on Equipment’s:

All used equipment’s like clamp stand, weight, pointer are appropriate for this experiment except
these a lot of error occur.

Improve experiment:

Put a fiduciary marker on the underside of the coil spring to eliminate any possibility of making
a mistake brought on by not read the ruler when holding it at eye level. While measuring the size
of the spring, you must make sure that it is not moving in any way. There is the option of
including a fiduciary marker in order to improve the quality and accuracy of the distance
measurement.

Conclusion:

The value of the spring's constant, Ks, was determined to be 0.0206 ± 0.07146 N/m based on the
results of the experiment. At every distance, the force that was being exerted by the spring was
measured and recorded in newtons. After that, the spring constant was calculated for each spring
by applying the equation k= -kx to the data. First, all of the measurements were compiled into a
table, and then, to facilitate further analysis of the data, the table was converted into a chart.
Another dynamic technique is used to verify the results of this experiment.

Reference:

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Trocaru, S., Berlic, C., Miron, C., & Barna, V. (2020). Using tracker as video analysis and
augmented reality tool for investigation of the oscillations for coupled pendula. Romanian
Reports in Physics, 72(1), 16.

Wu, J., Li, Q., Liu, J., Xue, C., Yang, S., Shao, C., ... & Luo, J. (2019). Progress in precise measurements
of the gravitational constant. Annalen der Physik, 531(5), 1900013.