Itgalpur, Rajankunte, Yelahanka, Bengaluru - 560064

Name of the Department: CSE Semester/Year: 5TH SEM

Name of the Faculty: Dr. Vijaya Kumar A V Section: 5CSD-01

Name of the Student: Srushti M Roll No: 20211CSD0020

Course code: CSE2054 Course Title: Storage Area Network

LITERATURE REVIEW -1

Green Cloud Computing

AUTHOR - Ms. Haripriya Manikant Gavali, Ms. Srushti Sanjay Patil, Ms. Pratiksha Uday Patil, Shweta
Pralhad

Mane, Ms. K. N. Rode

DOI Link: https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41308

The article discusses the concept of green cloud computing, which aims to reduce energy
consumption and environmental waste in the IT industry. It highlights the importance of
transitioning to cloud services to minimize carbon emissions and introduces techniques such as nano
data centers, dynamic voltage frequency scaling, and virtualization to make cloud computing more
environmentally friendly. The impacts of green cloud computing include fewer carbon footprints
from remote working, being paperless with cloud storage, and reducing power consumption. The
article also mentions the goals, advantages, and applications of green cloud computing. Overall, it
emphasizes the need for sustainable practices in cloud computing to protect the environment and
promote a greener future.

LITERATURE REVIEW -2

Green Cloud Computing- Future of Green IT

AUTHOR - Manjinder Kaur Master of Computer Application IGNOU, New Delhi (India)

Energy efficiency is a crucial aspect of green cloud computing, aimed at reducing power
consumption in cloud environments. Researchers have proposed dynamic power management
(DPM) systems as a means to optimize power utilization. These systems start only the necessary
cloud resources, estimate power needs, and supply adequate power voltage based on demand. By
monitoring power utilization, designing power management simulators, and implementing decision-
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making algorithms, current trends in energy efficiency focus on resource optimization and mixed
work environments.

Multi-tenancy, where a single instance of a software application serves multiple users, is another
characteristic of green cloud computing. However, it raises privacy and security concerns. Scholars
have emphasized the need for secure multi-tenant architectures and privacy-preserved access to
multi-tenant modules. Multi-tenancy optimization and development of secure access approaches
are significant areas of research within green cloud computing.
Consolidation, the deployment of multiple data processing applications on a single server using
virtualization technology, is essential for optimizing resource utilization and reducing power
consumption. Researchers have proposed algorithms for dynamic consolidation of virtual machines
in cloud data centers. Threshold-based approaches and intelligent support in the consolidation
process are emerging research challenges. Moreover, ensuring the eco-friendliness of cloud
computing involves incorporating renewable energy sources and reducing carbon emissions. IT
companies have made efforts to switch data centers to renewable energy sources. Future research
in green cloud computing includes optimizing power management techniques, enhancing
virtualization processes, addressing privacy concerns in multi-tenancy, improving consolidation
methodologies, and developing comprehensive frameworks for environmental certification of cloud
services.

LITERATURE REVIEW - 3

Analysis on energy efficient green cloud computing

AUTHOR - Monali Jumde and Snehlata Dongre 2021, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. ,1913

Green cloud computing has emerged as a vital approach to address the challenges of energy
consumption and environmental impact in the IT industry. Cloud computing, which offers on-
demand computational and storage resources, has witnessed a surge in demand, leading to the
proliferation of power-hungry data centers. In response, researchers and industry practitioners have
undertaken efforts to design eco-friendly data centers and develop energy-efficient algorithms for
virtual machine (VM) consolidation. This literature review explores the findings of various research
studies conducted in the field of green cloud computing. Scholars have identified the limitations of
existing VM placement algorithms, such as the Modified Best-Fit Decreasing (MBFD) algorithm, and
proposed novel solutions to enhance energy efficiency and minimize service level agreement (SLA)
violations.

The reviewed studies demonstrate the effectiveness of alternative VM placement algorithms in

mitigating energy consumption and SLA violations. These algorithms, including Energy Efficient First-
Fit Decreasing (PEFFD), Energy Efficient Best-Fit Decreasing (PEBFD), and Medium-Fit Power Efficient
Decreasing (MFPED), utilize bin packing heuristics and consider host power efficiency for VM
allocation. Experimental simulations using the CloudSim 3.0.3 simulator confirm the superior
performance of these algorithms compared to the baseline MBFD algorithm. The results of the
simulations, presented in the form of bar charts, highlight the significant reduction in energy
consumption and SLA violations achieved by the proposed algorithms. By leveraging these energy-
efficient VM consolidation techniques, green cloud computing endeavors to strike a balance
between meeting user demands and minimizing the environmental impact of data centers.
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LITERATURE REVIEW – 4

An Analysis Report on Green Cloud Computing Current Trends and Future Research Challenges

AUTHOR - Archana Patil, Rekha Patil, a Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU), Belagavi-
590018, Karnataka, India b PDA College of Engineering, Kalaburagi -585102, Karnataka, India

Green cloud computing has emerged as an eco-friendly approach to cloud computing, aiming to
minimize the negative impact on the environment. Researchers have explored various aspects of
green cloud computing to improve energy efficiency and resource utilization. Several studies have
focused on optimizing power management techniques in cloud data centers, such as dynamic
thermal management and energy-conscious provisioning. By monitoring and analyzing power
consumption at different levels, including servers, routers, and links, researchers have developed
simulations and tools to assess energy usage and identify opportunities for improvement.
Additionally, virtualization has played a crucial role in green cloud computing, allowing multiple
virtual computers to run on a single physical device. This enables efficient resource allocation and
reduces power consumption by utilizing hardware resources effectively. The current trends in green
cloud computing include dynamic power management, the design of power utilization simulators,
and component-level power optimization, all aimed at achieving greater energy efficiency and
resource optimization in cloud environments.

LITERATURE REVIEW - 5

Emerging Issue in IT

AUTHOR - FHA.Shibly, Lecturer (Prob.) in IT, Faculty of Islamic Studies & Arabic Language,

SEUSL

The article discusses the concept of Green Computing, which aims to reduce the environmental
impact of computers and IT systems. It focuses on energy-saving techniques, such as power
management, virtualization, and cloud computing, to minimize energy consumption and greenhouse
gas emissions. The article also highlights the challenges faced in implementing Green Computing,
such as equipment recycling and e-waste management. It emphasizes the need for organizations to
adopt sustainable practices and technologies to reduce their carbon footprint. The future trends of
Green Computing include certifications for green technology, such as eco-labeling, and the use of
cloud computing for more efficient resource utilization.

In summary, the article provides an overview of Green Computing and its significance in addressing
environmental concerns associated with computers and IT systems. It emphasizes the importance of
reducing energy consumption, promoting e-waste recycling, and optimizing data center operations.
The future trends focus on certifications for green technology and the adoption of cloud computing
as an energy-efficient solution. By implementing these strategies, organizations can contribute to a
greener and more sustainable IT industry.
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LITERATURE REVIEW - 6

Green Computing

AUTHOR - Vanthana. N Saranathan College of Engineering, Trichy.

The article discusses the concept of green computing, which focuses on designing, using, and
disposing of computers in an environmentally friendly manner. It highlights the negative impacts of
computers on the environment, such as high energy consumption and the production of toxic waste
materials. The article suggests several steps to develop green computing, including creating a
sustainable plan for recycling electronic materials, reducing paper consumption, and turning off
computers when not in use. The core objectives of green computing are to promote a green
environment, save costs, conserve energy, ensure a secure future, and fulfill social responsibility. In
conclusion, the article emphasizes the importance of protecting the environment and saving money
through eco-friendly computer practices.

Green computing, also known as green IT or ICT sustainability, focuses on designing, manufacturing,
using, and disposing of computers and associated subsystems with minimal impact on the
environment. The article highlights the environmental issues caused by computers, such as the
production of greenhouse gases and toxic materials. It suggests replacing energy-consuming CRT
monitors with energy-efficient LCD monitors and implementing recycling policies to discard
electronic waste properly. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of reducing paper
consumption and turning off computers when not in use to save energy. The objectives of green
computing include creating a green environment, saving costs, conserving energy, securing the
future, and fulfilling social responsibility. The article concludes by encouraging individuals to protect
the environment and save money by practicing eco-friendly computing.

LITERATURE REVIEW – 7

Trends and Development on Green Computing

AUTHOR - Jiabin Deng1, Juanli Hu1, Wanli Li1, and Juebo Wu2 1 Zhongshan Polytechnic, Computer
Engineering, Boaiqi Road. 25, 528404 Zhongshan, China 2 Shenzhen Angelshine Co., LTD, South area.
25, 518057 Shenzhen, China.
Computer systems play a vital role in our modern society, but they also have a significant negative
impact on the natural environment. This paper focuses on the analysis of this environmental
influence from a computer system perspective and proposes a novel concept called "generalized
green computing" to address these issues. Through an examination of both hardware and software
technology and methods, this concept expands the traditional tasks and relationships of green
computing research.

Numerous studies have highlighted the detrimental effects of computer systems on the
environment, including energy consumption, electronic waste, and carbon emissions. To mitigate
these issues, the concept of generalized green computing offers a comprehensive approach. By
considering all aspects of computer systems, including hardware and software, this concept aims to
develop sustainable solutions. It emphasizes the need for research institutions and enterprises to
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explore various schemes and initiatives to minimize the negative impact of computer systems on the
environment.

To establish the foundation for effective green computing methods and tools, this paper introduces
basic ideas and methods for green computing. By adopting these principles, researchers and
practitioners can develop innovative approaches to tackle environmental challenges associated with
computer systems. The proposed concept of generalized green computing opens up new avenues
for research and collaboration, urging stakeholders to prioritize sustainability and eco-friendly
practices in the development and utilization of computer systems.

LITERATURE REVIEW – 8

Environmental impact of computation and the future of green computing

AUTHOR - Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences

The Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) conducted research
to examine the environmental impact of computing devices and the field of computation as a whole.
The study aimed to raise awareness of the carbon footprint associated with modern technology and
encourage the adoption of more sustainable practices. The researchers analyzed various aspects of
computing, including chip architecture, data center design, and the entire lifecycle of a device. They
found that a significant portion of emissions comes from hardware manufacturing and
infrastructure. The study suggests the need to consider not only energy consumption but also
manufacturing emissions when designing processors and other devices. It also highlights the
importance of evaluating the environmental impact of running applications on devices versus in data
centers. The researchers call for a cultural shift in the tech industry to prioritize carbon footprint
reduction and advocate for collaboration with environmental science and engineering experts to
drive policy changes.

In summary, the research conducted by SEAS sheds light on the carbon footprint of computing
devices and emphasizes the need for sustainable practices in the field. It highlights the emissions
generated during hardware manufacturing and infrastructure development. The study suggests
exploring ways to design processors that reduce manufacturing emissions and making informed
decisions about running applications on devices or in data centers based on their carbon footprint. It
calls for a comprehensive approach that includes considering environmental impact in
computational design and collaborating with experts from various disciplines to bring about change
at both the industry and policy levels.

LITERATURE REVIEW - 9

Quantum computing just might save the planet

AUTHOR - Peter Cooper is an associate in McKinsey’s London office.

The article discusses the potential of quantum computing in addressing climate change challenges. It
highlights that quantum computing, although still in its early stages, could revolutionize carbon
abatement and removal efforts. By solving complex problems that traditional computers cannot
handle, quantum computing could help curb methane emissions from agriculture, create emissions-
free cement production, improve electric vehicle batteries, advance solar technology, reduce the
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cost of hydrogen production, and utilize green ammonia as a fuel and fertilizer. The article projects
that these advancements could lead to a reduction of over 7 gigatons of CO2 equivalent (CO2e)
annually by 2035, contributing to the goal of limiting global warming to 1.5°C.

Overall, the article suggests that quantum computing has the potential to bring about significant
changes in the fight against climate change. By leveraging the capabilities of quantum computers, it
may be possible to develop and deploy climate technologies at a scale that would help achieve net-
zero emissions and meet the desired targets for limiting global warming. While quantum computing
is still in development, its potential impact on carbon abatement and removal is promising, offering
a glimpse of hope for tackling the urgent challenge of climate change.

LITERATURE REVIEW – 10

Introduction to Green Computing for A Sustainable Future

AUTHOR – Amrita Phathak

Green computing is an environmentally conscious approach to computing that aims to reduce the
negative impact of computers and IT resources on our planet. In a world where climate change and
environmental degradation are major concerns, green computing offers a solution to minimize
energy consumption, carbon emissions, and the use of hazardous materials. By implementing
energy-efficient practices, using eco-friendly hardware and software, and promoting recycling and
proper disposal of electronic waste, green computing helps protect the environment and create a
sustainable future for generations to come.

The rise of technology and widespread computer usage has brought both convenience and
environmental challenges. Computers and electronic devices consume significant amounts of
energy, emit greenhouse gases, and contribute to pollution if not disposed of properly. Green
computing addresses these issues by encouraging energy efficiency, the use of renewable energy
sources, and the adoption of sustainable practices in data centers and other computing
environments. By optimizing software, extending product lifespans, implementing power
management techniques, and promoting recycling, green computing offers numerous benefits such
as reduced carbon footprint, cost savings, and a healthier environment. It is a vital approach for
individuals, companies, and society as a whole to embrace for a greener and more sustainable
future.

Reference :-

Literature 1:- https://www.ijraset.com/research-paper/green-cloud-computing

Literature 2:- https://www.jetir.org/view?paper=JETIR1803349

Literature 3:- https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1913/1/012100

Literature 4:
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file:///C:/Users/shara/Downloads/An%20Analysis%20Report%20on%20Green%20Cloud%20Computi
ng%20Current%20Trends%20and%20Future%20Research%20Challenges-2019.pdf

Literature 5:- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276266707_Green_Computing_-

_Emerging_Issue_in_IT

Literature 6:- https://www.ijert.org/green-computing

Literature 7:- https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-22691-5_49

Literature 8:- https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/03/210302185414.htm

Literature 9:- https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/mckinsey-digital/our-

insights/quantumcomputing-just-might-save-the-planet#/

Literature 10:- https://geekflare.com/green-computing-for-sustainable-future/