1.

Using the Laplace transform and showing the details, find the current
𝑖(𝑡) in the circuit in Fig. assuming 𝑖(0) = 0 and:
a) 𝑅 = 1𝑘𝛺(= 1000𝛺), 𝐿 = 1𝐻, 𝑣 = 0 if 0 < 𝑡 < 𝜋,
and 40 sin 𝑡 𝑉 𝑖𝑓 𝑡 > 𝜋
b) 𝑅 = 25𝛺, 𝐿 = 0.1𝐻, 𝑣 = 490𝑒 −5𝑡 𝑉 if 0 < 𝑡 < 1, and 0 𝑖𝑓 𝑡 > 1

Answer (a)
Let 𝑣0 (𝑡) = 0 if 0 < 𝑡 < 𝜋, and 40 sin 𝑡 𝑉 𝑖𝑓 𝑡 > 𝜋
0, 0<𝑡<𝜋
={ = 40 sin 𝑡 𝑢(𝑡 − 𝜋)
40 sin 𝑡 , 𝑡>𝜋
𝑑𝑖
By Kirchhoff’s Law, 𝑣0 (𝑡) = 𝑉𝑅 + 𝑉𝐿 = 𝑅𝑖(𝑡) + 𝐿
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑖
⇒ 1000 𝑖(𝑡) + 1 = 40 sin 𝑡 𝑢(𝑡 − 𝜋)
𝑑𝑡
Applying Laplace Transforms on both sides and due to linearity property,
𝑑𝑖
1000 𝐿(𝑖(𝑡)) + 𝐿 ( ) = 40 𝐿(sin 𝑡 𝑢(𝑡 − 𝜋))
𝑑𝑡
40𝑒 −𝜋𝑠
⇒ 1000 𝐼(𝑠) + 𝑠 𝐼(𝑠) − 𝑖 (0) = − 2
𝑠 +1
−𝜋𝑠 1
⇒ 𝐼(𝑠) = −40 𝑒
(𝑠 2 +1)(1000+𝑠)
1
⇒ 𝑖 (𝑡) = −40 𝐿−1 (𝑒 −𝜋𝑠 ( 2 )( ) (1)
𝑠 +1 1000+𝑠)
1 𝐴𝑠+𝐵 𝐶
Consider, ( 2 )( = +
𝑠 +1 1000+𝑠) 𝑠 2 +1 1000+𝑠
1 1000 1
⇒𝐴=− ,𝐵 = ,𝐶 =
1000001 1000001 1000001
1 𝑠
By (1), 𝑖(𝑡) = −40 [ 𝐿−1 (− 𝑒 −𝜋𝑠 2 ) +
1000001 𝑠 +1
1000 1 1 1
𝐿−1 ( 𝑒 −𝜋𝑠 ) + 𝐿−1 (1000001 𝑒 −𝜋𝑠 1000+𝑠)]
1000001 𝑠 2 +1
1 1000
= −40 [− cos(𝑡 − 𝜋) 𝑢(𝑡 − 𝜋) + sin(𝑡 − 𝜋) 𝑢(𝑡 − 𝜋)
1000001 1000001
1
+ 𝑒 −1000(𝑡−𝜋) 𝑢(𝑡 − 𝜋)]
1000001
1 1000
𝑖. 𝑒., 𝑖(𝑡) = −40 [ cos 𝑡 𝑢(𝑡 − 𝜋) − sin 𝑡 𝑢(𝑡 − 𝜋)
1000001 1000001
1
+ 𝑒 −1000(𝑡−𝜋) 𝑢(𝑡 − 𝜋)]
1000001

2. Using the Laplace Transform and showing the details, find the current 𝑖(𝑡) in the circuit with
𝑅 = 10𝜴 and 𝐶 = 0.01𝐹, where the current at time 𝑡 = 0 is assumed to be zero, and:
a) 𝑣 = 0 if 𝑡 < 4 and 14 × 106 𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑉 if 𝑡 > 4.
b) 𝑣 = 0 if 𝑡 < 2 and 100(𝑡 − 2) 𝑉 if 𝑡 > 2.

Answer (a)
0, 𝑡<4
𝑣0 (𝑡) = 0 if 𝑡 < 4 and 14 × 106 𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑉 if 𝑡 > 4 = { 6 −3𝑡
14 × 10 𝑒 , 𝑡 > 4
= 14 × 106 𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑢(𝑡 − 4)
 1
By Kirchhoff’s Law, 𝑣0 (𝑡) = 𝑉𝑅 + 𝑉𝐶 = 𝑅 𝑖(𝑡) + ∫ 𝑖(𝑡) 𝑑𝑡
𝐶

⇒ 10 𝑖(𝑡) + 100 ∫ 𝑖(𝑡) 𝑑𝑡 = 14 × 106 𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑢(𝑡 − 4)

Applying Laplace Transforms on both sides and due to linearity property,
1
10 𝐼(𝑆) + 100 𝐼(𝑠) = 14 × 106 𝐿(𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑢(𝑡 − 4))
𝑠
= 14 × 106 𝐿(𝑒 −3(𝑡−4+4) 𝑢(𝑡 − 4))
1
= 14 × 106 𝑒 −12 𝑒 −4𝑠
𝑠+3
6 −12 −4𝑠
𝑠
⇒ 𝐼(𝑠) = 14 × 10 𝑒 𝑒
(𝑠 + 3)(10𝑠 + 100)
𝑠
= 14 × 105 𝑒 −12 𝑒 −4𝑠
(𝑠 + 3)(𝑠 + 10)
𝑠
𝑖(𝑡) = 14 × 10 𝑒 𝐿 (𝑒 −4𝑠 (𝑠+3)(𝑠+10))
5 −12 −1
(1)
𝑠 𝐴 𝐵 3 10
Consider, (𝑠+3)(𝑠+10) = + ⇒ 𝐴 = − ,𝐵 =
𝑠+3 𝑠+10 7 7
3 10
−7
By (1), 𝑖(𝑡) = 14 × 105 𝑒 −12 𝐿−1 (𝑒 −4𝑠 ( + 7
))
𝑠+3 𝑠+10

3 10
= 14 × 105 𝑒 −12 [− 𝑒 −3(𝑡−4) 𝑢(𝑡 − 4) + 𝑒 −10(𝑡−4) 𝑢(𝑡 − 4)]
7 7
3. Using the Laplace transform and showing the details, find the current 𝑖(𝑡) in the circuit,
assuming zero initial current and charge on the cpacitor and:
a) 𝐿 = 0.5𝐻, 𝐶 = 0.05𝐹, 𝑣 = 78 sin 𝑡 𝑉 if 0 < 𝑡 < 𝜋 and 0 if 𝑡 > 𝜋.
b) 𝐿 = 1𝐻, 𝐶 = 10−2 𝐹, 𝑣 = −9900 cos 𝑡 𝑉 if 𝜋 < 𝑡 < 3𝜋 and 0
otherwise.

Answer (a)
78 sin 𝑡 𝑉, 0 < 𝑡 < 𝜋
𝑣0 (𝑡) = 78 sin 𝑡 𝑉 if 0 < 𝑡 < 𝜋 and 0 if 𝑡 > 𝜋 = {
0, 𝑡>𝜋
= 78 sin 𝑡 (𝑢(𝑡) − 𝑢(𝑡 − 𝜋))
𝑑𝑖 1
By Kirchhoff’s Law, 𝑣0 (𝑡) = 𝑉𝐿 + 𝑉𝐶 = 𝐿 + ∫ 𝑖(𝑡) 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝑐
𝑑𝑖
⇒ 0.5 + 20 ∫ 𝑖(𝑡) 𝑑𝑡 = 78 sin 𝑡 (𝑢(𝑡) − 𝑢(𝑡 − 𝜋))
𝑑𝑡
Applying Laplace Transforms on both sides and due to linearity property,
20
0.5 (𝑠𝐼(𝑠) − 𝑖(0)) + 𝐼(𝑠) = 78 𝐿(sin 𝑡 𝑢(𝑡) + sin(𝑡 − 𝜋)𝑢(𝑡 − 𝜋))
𝑠 −𝜋𝑠
20 1 𝑒
𝑖 (0) = 0, ⇒ (0.5𝑠 + ) 𝐼 (𝑠) = 78 [ + ]
𝑠 𝑠 2 +1 𝑠 2 +1
𝑠 𝑠𝑒 −𝜋𝑠
⇒ 𝐼(𝑠) = 78 [ + ]
(𝑠 2 + 1)(0.5𝑠 2 + 20) (𝑠 2 + 1)(0.5𝑠 2 + 20)
𝑠 𝑠𝑒 −𝜋𝑠
⇒ 𝑖(𝑡) = 78 [𝐿−1 ((𝑠2 2 ) + 𝐿−1
( (𝑠 2 2 )]
+1)(0.5𝑠 +20) +1)(0.5𝑠 +20)
(1)
𝑠 𝐴𝑠+𝐵 𝐶𝑠+𝐷 2 1
Consider, (𝑠2 = + ⇒𝐴= , 𝐵 = 0, 𝐶 = − , 𝐷 = 0
+1)(0.5𝑠 2 +20) 𝑠 2 +1 0.5𝑠 2 +20 39 39
 2 1 2
Thus (1)⇒ 𝑖(𝑡) = 78 [𝐿−1 ( 39
) − 𝐿−1 ( 39
) + 𝐿−1 (𝑒 −𝜋𝑠 39
)−
𝑠 2 +1 0.5𝑠 2 +20 𝑠 2 +1
1
−𝜋𝑠 39
𝐿−1 (𝑒 0.5𝑠2 +20 )]

2 1 1 2
= 78 [ sin 𝑡 − 𝐿−1 ( 2 ) + sin(𝑡 − 𝜋) 𝑢(𝑡 − 𝜋)
39 39 × 0.5 𝑠 + 40 39
1 1
− 𝐿−1 (𝑒 −𝜋𝑠 2 )]
39 × 0.5 𝑠 + 40
2 1 2
𝑖. 𝑒. , 𝑖(𝑡) = 78 [ sin 𝑡 − sin √40𝑡 + sin(𝑡 − 𝜋) 𝑢(𝑡 − 𝜋)
39 39 × 0.5 × √40 39
1
− sin √40(𝑡 − 𝜋)𝑢(𝑡 − 𝜋)]
39 × 0.5 × √40

4. Using the Laplace transform and showing the details, find the current 𝑖(𝑡) in the circuit,
assuming zero initial current and charge and:
a) 𝑅 = 4𝜴, 𝐿 = 1𝐻, 𝐶 = 0.05𝐹, 𝑣 = 34𝑒 −𝑡 𝑉 if 0 < 𝑡 < 4 and 0 if 𝑡 > 4.
b) 𝑅 = 2𝜴, 𝐿 = 1𝐻, 𝐶 = 0.5𝐹, 𝑣 = 1 𝑘𝑉 if 0 < 𝑡 < 2 and 0 if 𝑡 > 2.

Answer (a)
34𝑒 −𝑡 𝑉, 0 < 𝑡 < 4
𝑣0 (𝑡) = 34𝑒 −𝑡 𝑉 0 < 𝑡 < 4 and 0 if 𝑡 > 4 = {
0, 𝑡>4
= 34𝑒 −𝑡 (𝑢(𝑡) − 𝑢(𝑡 − 4))
𝑑𝑖 1
By Kirchhoff’s Law, 𝑣0 (𝑡) = 𝑉𝑅 + 𝑉𝐿 + 𝑉𝐶 = 𝑅 𝑖(𝑡) + 𝐿 + ∫ 𝑖(𝑡) 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝐶
𝑑𝑖
⇒ 4𝑖(𝑡) + + 20 ∫ 𝑖(𝑡) 𝑑𝑡 = 34𝑒 −𝑡 (𝑢(𝑡) − 𝑢(𝑡 − 4))
𝑑𝑡

Applying Laplace Transforms on both sides and due to linearity property,

20
4𝐼(𝑠) + 𝑠𝐼(𝑠) − 𝑖(0) + 𝐼(𝑠) = 34 [𝐿(𝑒 −𝑡 𝑢(𝑡)) − 𝐿 (𝑒 −(𝑡−4+4) 𝑢(𝑡 − 4))]
𝑠
1 1
⇒ (4𝑠 + 𝑠 2 + 20)𝐼(𝑠) = 34 [ − 𝑒 −4 𝑒 −4𝑠 ]
𝑠+1 𝑠+1
1 −4
𝑒 −4𝑠
⇒ 𝐼(𝑠) = 34 [ − 𝑒 ]
(𝑠 + 1)(𝑠 2 + 4𝑠 + 20) (𝑠 + 1)(𝑠 2 + 4𝑠 + 20)
1 𝑒 −4𝑠
⇒ 𝑖(𝑡) = 34 [𝐿−1 ((𝑠+1)(𝑠2 ) − 𝑒 −4 𝐿−1 ((𝑠+1)(𝑠2 )] (1)
+4𝑠+20) +4𝑠+20)
1 𝐴 𝐵𝑠+𝐶 1 1 3
Consider, (𝑠+1)(𝑠2 = + ⇒𝐴= ,𝐵 = − ,𝐶 = −
+4𝑠+20) (𝑠+1) (𝑠 2 +4𝑠+20) 17 17 17
1 1 3 1
( 𝑠+ )
−1 −1 −4 −1
Thus (1) ⇒𝑖(𝑡) = 34 [𝐿 ( 17
)−𝐿 ( 17 17
) −𝑒 𝐿 (𝑒 −4𝑠 17 ) +
𝑠+1 𝑠 2 +4𝑠+20 𝑠+1
1 3
𝑒 −4𝑠 (17𝑠+17)
−4 −1
𝑒 𝐿 ( )]
𝑠 2 +4𝑠+20
 1 1 3 1
( 𝑠+ )
= 34 [𝐿−1 ( 17 ) − 𝐿−1 ( 17 17 ) −𝑒 −4 𝐿−1 (𝑒 −4𝑠 17 )
𝑠+1 (𝑠 + 2)2 + 16 𝑠+1
1 3
𝑒 −4𝑠 ( 𝑠 + )
+ 𝑒 −4 −1
𝐿 ( 17 17 )]
(𝑠 + 2)2 + 16
1
= 34 [𝐿 −1
( 17 )
𝑠+1
1 3 1
((𝑠 + 2 − 2) + )
−𝐿 −1
( 17 17 −4 −1
) −𝑒 𝐿 (𝑒 −4𝑠 17
)
(𝑠 + 2)2 + 16 𝑠+1
1 3
𝑒 −4(𝑠+2−2) ( (𝑠 + 2 − 2) + )
+ 𝑒 −4 𝐿−1 ( 17 17 )]
(𝑠 + 2)2 + 16
1 1 1 1
( (𝑠 + 2) + )
= 34 [𝐿−1 ( 17 ) − 𝐿−1 ( 17 17 ) −𝑒 −4 𝐿−1 (𝑒 −4𝑠 17 )
𝑠+1 (𝑠 + 2)2 + 16 𝑠+1
1 1
𝑒 −4(𝑠+2) ( (𝑠 + 2) + )
+ 𝑒 4 𝐿−1 ( 17 17 )]
(𝑠 + 2)2 + 16

1 1
(𝑠 + 2)
= 34 𝐿−1 ( 17 ) − 𝐿−1 ( 17 )
𝑠+1 (𝑠 + 2)2 + 16
[
1 1
−𝐿 −1
( 17 −4 −1
) −𝑒 𝐿 (𝑒 −4𝑠 17
)
(𝑠 + 2)2 + 16 𝑠+1

1
𝑒 −4(𝑠+2) ( (𝑠 + 2)) 𝑒 −4(𝑠+2) (
1
)
17 17
+ 𝑒 4 𝐿−1 + 𝑒 4 𝐿−1 ( )
(𝑠 + 2)2 + 16 (𝑠 + 2)2 + 16
( ) ]
−4
1 −𝑡 1 −2𝑡 1 𝑒
= 34 [ 𝑒 − 𝑒 cos 4𝑡 − 𝑒 −2𝑡 sin 4𝑡 − 𝑒 −(𝑡−4) 𝑢(𝑡 − 4)
17 17 17 × 4 17
𝑒 4 −2𝑡 𝑒4
+ 𝑒 cos 4(𝑡 − 4)𝑢(𝑡 − 4) + 𝑒 −2𝑡 sin 4(𝑡 − 4)𝑢(𝑡 − 4)].
17 17 × 4