FRANCISTOWN COLLEGE OF

TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL

EDUCATION

PROFESSIONAL STUDIES –TCD 101

NAME: AMANTLE AME GOSETSENG

STUDENT ID: _______________

11 JULY 2023
TEN TERMINOLOGIES USED IN TCD 101

1. PROFESSIONALISM
Professionalism is a combination of traits, skills, behaviours, and good judgment expected
from an individual well-trained and well-adjusted to their career. Professionalism also
involves adhering to a set of standards that is commonly practiced among colleagues in the
same workplace (Sancar et.al, 2021).

2. BEHAVIOURISM
According to Ahmad et.al (2020), Behaviourism focuses on the idea that all behaviours are
learned through interaction with the environment. A person is exposed to a stimulus, which
evokes a response, and then the response is reinforced. Behaviourism looks at the observable
actions of students and assess whether they are learning as effectively as possible.

3. CONSTRUCTIVISM
Constructivism involves a person understanding the importance of the social dimension
during the learning process through observation, treatment, interpretation, and adaptation of
information on building a cognitive structure (Al-Shammari et.al, 2019). It is based on the
idea that people actively construct or make their own knowledge, and that reality is
determined by your experiences as a learner. Basically, learners use their previous knowledge
as a foundation and build on it with new things that they learn.

4. EFFECTIVE LEARNING
Effective learning is defined as methods of learning that involve children actively
participating in their own learning and personal development. It is a process in which learners
relate new experience to present experience and assimilate new ideas. Effective learning can
be achieved through four learning styles: learning by being shown, by being told, by
constructing meaning, and be joining a knowledge-generating community (Jeyaraj, J. S.
2019)

5. STAKEHOLDERS
A stakeholder is a person, group or organisation with a vested interest, or stake, in the
decision making and activities of a business or organisation. Johnson-Cramer et. al, (2022)
stated that they can be members of the organisation they have a stake in or they can have no
official affiliation. For example, teachers and students are stakeholders of an educational
institution.

6. PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE
It refers to the conduct and work of someone from a particular profession. It is where a
student is required to extend knowledge and skills within a practical environment; or rather it
should allow the student to understand how knowledge acquired during schooling may be
applied to solving problems in real world situations (Serbati et. al, (2020).
 7. ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONNEL
It means employees who are charged by the employer with the performance of work entailing
responsibility for taking decisions of an administrative nature in the conduct of any activity.
Amin & Dwitayanti (2022) stated that while educational management carries out the
responsibility of the effective functioning of the institution, educational administration
contributes to the policy making process and maintains the overall function of the
organisation.

8. ORGANISATIONAL HIERACHY
It is the order of members based on authority. It refers to the ranks from entry level
employees to senior managers or executives, and they consist of multiple levels. Members
with more authority occupy higher positions (Hilgetag & Goulas, 2020).

9. EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

According to UNESCO (2020), ESD is the formal commitment promoted by the United
Nations, to ensure that countries achieve sustainable development. ESD gives learners of all
ages the knowledge, skills, values and agency to address interconnected global challenges
including climate change, loss of biodiversity, unsustainable use of resources, and inequality.

10. REGULATIONS GOVERNING TEACHERS

Teachers are required to adhere to a variety of policies, or rules to follow, and practices their
school or district creates. They have to comply with what is being asked from them (Voisin &
Dumay, 2020). For example, if the school dress code prohibits wearing denim, a teacher in
compliance will be sure to follow that rule. Or if the school adopts a new curriculum, the
teacher will follow the new material as it is written.

REFERENCES
Ahmad, S., Sultana, N., & Jamil, S. (2020). Behaviourism vs Constructivism: A paradigm
shift from traditional to alternative assessment techniques. Journal of applied linguistics and
language research, 7(2), 19-33.

Al-Shammari, Z., Faulkner, P. E., & Forlin, C. (2019). Theories-based inclusive education
practices. Education Quarterly Reviews, 2(2).

Amin, M. M., & Dwitayanti, Y. (2022, February). The best academic Administration
personnel selection model using the weighted sum model (WSM). In 5 th FIRST T1 T2 2O21
International Conference (FIRST-T1-T2-2021) )pp. 322-326) Atlantis Press.

Hilgetag, C. C., & Goulas, A., (2020). ‘Hierachy’ in the organisation of brain netwroks.
Philosophical transactions of the royal society B, 375 (1796), 20190319.

Jeyaraj, J. S. (2019). Effective learning and quality teaching. University News: A Weekly
Journal of Higher Education, 57(2-8), 30-35.

Johnson-Cramer, M. E., Phillips, R. A., Fadlallah, H., Berman, S. L., & Elms, H. (2022).
“What we talk about when we talk about stakeholders.” Business & Society 61(5), 1083-
1135.

Sancar, R., Atal, D., & Deryakulu, D. (2021). A new framework for teachers’ professional
development. Teaching and Teacher Education, 101, 103305.

Serbati, A., Aquario, D., Da Re, L., Paccagnella, O., & Felisatti, E. (2020). Exploring good
teaching practices and needs for improvement: Implications for staff development. Journal of
Educational, Cultural and Psychological Studies (ECPS Journal), 21, 43-64.

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). (2020).

Education for sustainable development: A roadmap.

Voisin, A., & Dumay, X. (2020). How do educational systems regulate the teaching
profession and teachers’ work? A typological approach to institutional foundations and
models of regulation. Teaching and Teacher Education, 96, 103144.