DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

→ →
→

• –
.

FUNCTIONS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

PERITONEUM
–

–
ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY OF THE
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM MESENTERIES
→ →
• –

→ • –
DIGESTIVE TRACT (GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT)
•
o –
→

→
→ o –

→ • –
→

• –

• –

|
 TEETH
→

•
•
•
•
•
→ –
→ –
→

ORAL CAVITY, PHARYNX, AND ESOPHAGUS

ANATOMY OF THE ORAL CAVITY

→

• –

• –

• –
• –
• –
• –

o – • –

• –

•
–
• –

• –

• –

• –

|
 PALATE AND TONSILS → –
• – →
ESOPHAGUS
→
o –
• –
o –
• –
✓ –
SWALLOWING
–
• –

SALIVARY GLANDS –
→
• –

• –

STOMACH
→ unctions primarily as a storage and mixing chamber
for ingested food.
ANATOMY OF THE STOMACH
• –

– • –

– • –
• –
– o
o
• – • –

SALIVA • –
→ • –
→ •
• – –
• –

• –
• –

• –
MASTICATION
→
→
PHARYNX
→
→

|
 REGULATION OF STOMACH SECRETIONS
–

• –

• –

• –

MOVEMENT IN THE STOMACH

→
→
EPITHELIAL CELLS OF THE STOMACH • –
• –
• –

• –
• –

• –
• –

SECRETION OF THE STOMACH

• Chyme – semifluid mixture (food + stomach
secretions).
o Hydrochloric acid kills microorganisms
and activates pepsin.
o Pepsin breaks covalent bond of proteins
to form smaller peptide chains.
o Mucus lubricates and protects epithelial
cells from the damaging effect of acidic
chime + pepsin.
o Intrinsic factor binds with vit. B12 (DNA
synthesis and RBC prod.) and makes it
more readily absorbed in the small SMALL INTESTINE
intestine. →
→
ANATOMY OF THE SMALL INTESTINE
• –

• –

|
• – SECRETIONS OF THE SMALL INTESTINE
• →
–
→

• –

• –

MOVEMENT IN THE SMALL INTESTINE

• –

• –

ABSORPTION IN THE SMALL INTESTINE

→
LIVER AND PANCREAS
→
INCREASED SURFACE AREA
• – ANATOMY OF THE LIVER
• –

• – o
o
• – • –

• – •
SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM o
– o
• –
–
–

–
• –

• –

• –

• –

• –
• –

|
 SOURCES OF BLOOD IN THE LIVER ANATOMY OF THE PANCREAS
• – • –

• o –
o – o –
• –
o –
• –
o • –
• – • –
• –

• –

• –

• –

• –
• –

• –
• –

FUNCTIONS OF THE LIVER

FUNCTIONS OF THE PANCREAS
• –

• –

• –
• –

LARGE INTESTINE

ANATOMY OF THE LARGE INTESTINE

– proximal end of the large intestine.
• Appendix – 9 cm tube attached to the
cecum.
– about 1.5–1.8 m long.
•
• –

• –
• – • –

|
 • – • –
–
• –
–
LIPIDS
• – →
• –
• –
• –
• – • –

• –

FUNCTIONS OF THE LARGE INTESTINE • –

• –
• –
• –
• –
• –
• –

PROTEINS
→
• – • –

• –
DIGESTION, ABSORPTION, AND TRANSPORT • –
• –
• –
WATER AND MINERALS
o – →
→
o –
EFFECTS OF AGING ON THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
→
• –
→

• – →

CARBOHYDRATES →
→

• –

• –

• –

• –