Professional

Responsibilities
and Roles of the
Nurse
\
Concept of a Profession
◌ A profession is an organization of an
occupational group based on the application
of special knowledge which establishes its
own rules and standards for the protection
of the public and the professionals.
◌ A profession serves all of society and not
the specific interest of a group.

◌ The aims of a profession are altruistic

rather than materialistic.
Professional Nursing
◌ Is an art and a science, dominated by an
ideal of service in which certain principles
are applied in the skillful care of the well and
the ill, and through relationship with the
client/patient, significant others , and other
members of the health team.
The Professional Nurse
Professional Nurse
◌ Is one who has acquired the art and
science of nursing through her basic
education, who interprets her role in nursing
in terms of the social ends for which it exists-
the health and welfare of society and who
continues to add her knowledge, skills and
attitudes through continuing education and
scientific inquiry (research) or the use of the
results of such inquiry.
I am a professional
nurse. 
Legal requirements to work as a
nurse in the Philippines:
- A graduate of Bachelor of Science in Nursing
- Must pass the Nurse Licensure Exam conducted
by the Professional Regulations Commission (PRC)
and possess the PRC license (current)
 Republic Act No. 9173
“The Philippine Nursing
Act of 1991”
R. A. 9173
○ The state hereby guarantees the delivery of
quality basic health services through an adequate
nursing personnel system throughout the
country.
Nursing Practice
Scope:
* A person shall be deemed to be practicing nursing
within the meaning of this Act when he/she singly or
in collaboration with another, initiates and performs
nursing services to individuals, families and
communities in any health care setting. It includes, but
not limited to, nursing care during conception, labor,
delivery, infancy, childhood, toddler, preschool, school
age, adolescence, adulthood, and old age.
Nursing Practice
Scope (cont’d.)
* As independent practitioners, nurses are primarily
responsible for the promotion of health and prevention
of illness. As members of the health team, nurses shall
collaborate with other health care providers for the
curative, preventive, and rehabilitative aspects of care,
restoration of health, alleviation of suffering, and when
recovery is not possible, towards a peaceful death.
 Nursing Practice
Scope (cont’d.):
It shall be the duty of the nurse to:
A. Provide nursing care through the utilization of the nursing process.
Nursing care includes, but not limited to, traditional and innovative
approaches, therapeutic use of self, executing health care techniques
and procedures, essential primary health care, comfort measures,
health teachings, and administration of written prescription for
treatment, therapies, oral topical and parenteral medications,
internal examination during labor in the absence of antenatal
bleeding and delivery. In case of suturing and perineal lacerations,
special training shall be provided according to protocol established;
Nursing Practice
Scope (cont’d.):
B. Establish linkages with community resources and
coordination with the health team;
C. Provide health education to individuals, families and
communities;
Nursing Practice
Scope (cont’d.)
D. Teach, guide, and supervise students in nursing education
programs including the administration of nursing services in
varied settings such as hospitals and clinics ; undertake
consultation services; engage in such activities that require
the utilization of knowledge and decision-making skills of a
registered nurse; and
Nursing Practice
Scope (cont’d.):
E. Undertake nursing and health human resource
development training and research, which shall include, but
not limited to, the development of advance nursing practice
Nursing Practice
Scope (cont’d.):
* In the practice of nursing in all settings, the nurse is duty-
bound to observe the Code of Ethics for nurses an uphold
the standards of safe nursing practice.
* The nurse is required to maintain competence by continual
learning through continuing professional education to be
provided by the accredited professional organization or any
recognized professional nursing education. Provided, that
the program and activity for the continuing professional
education shall be submitted to and approved by the Board.
NURSING according to:
ANA (American Nurses’ Association)
- is the diagnosis and treatment of human
responses to actual and potential health
problems
Nursing focuses on:
◌Diagnosis and treatment of the person with
the disease (Nursing diagnosis)
◌ Responses of the patient
Ex. Pain due to a medical condition
(ex. Arthritis)
Depression due to a diagnosis of
cancer
While on the other
hand…

Medicine is concerned of the disease ;

treatment of disease
◌ Contemporary nursing requires that the
nurse possesses knowledge and skills for a
variety of professional roles and
responsibilities.
◌ Principal role of nurses: Provide care and
comfort as they carry out specific nursing
functions.
Expanded role emphasized on health
promotion and illness prevention, as
well as concern for the client as a
whole.
Autonomy
◌ An essential element in nursing.
◌ It means a person is reasonably
independent and self-governing in decision-
making and practice.
Autonomy
Refers to the ability to act according to one’s
knowledge and judgment, providing nursing care
within the full scope of practice as defined by
existing professional, regulatory, and organizational
rules.
Autonomy
The nurse is accountable for keeping current
and competent in technical skills and
informed of the knowledge needed to
perform nursing care.

Ex. The nurse performs tepid sponge bath to a

patient with fever.
(independent nursing action)
Accountability
It means that the nurse is responsible,
professionally and legally, for the type and quality of
nursing care provided.
The American Nurses Association’s Code of Ethics
defines professional accountability as being “
answerable to oneself and others for one’s own
actions “.
Accountability
Four (4) pillars :
1. Professional
2. Ethical
3. Lawful
4. Employment/ Contractual
Accountability
Ex. A nurse is guided by a sense of
accountability when the he/she performs
procedures like monitoring patient’s vital
signs, giving medications, administering
feedings such nasogastric tube feeding
(NGT), administration of fluids and others.
Roles of the Nurse
1. Giver of Care (Caregiver)
•The nurse helps the client regain health
through the healing process.
•The nurse addresses the holistic health care
needs of the client including measures to
restore emotional, spiritual and social well-
being.
Giver of Care
◌The caregiver helps the clients and families
set goals and meet those goals with minimal
cost of time and energy.
Giver of Care
Caring care
-- communicates respect of man’s
individual uniqueness
-- is consistent of man’s holistic needs
-- is efficient, effective and safe
2. Leader/ Manager
◌The nurse through the process of
interpersonal influence helps the client make
decisions in establishing and achieving goals
to improve his well-being.
Leader/Manager
Leader/Manager
◌The nurse plans, gives directions, develops
staff, monitors operations, gives rewards
fairly, and represents both staff members and
administration as needed.
Leader/Manager
◌ Delegates nursing activities to ancillary
workers and other nurses and supervises and
evaluates performance.
3. Researcher
◌The nurse as a researcher or co-researcher
participates in scientific investigation & uses
research findings in practice for the promotion of
health.
Ex. Research on the effect of music therapy
to preterm babies.
Research on the incidence of dengue
fever in Brgy. Guadalupe.
Researcher
Other Roles of
the Nurse
 1.Advocate
○ Assistance in the clients’ human and legal
rights
○ The nurse also defends the clients’ rights in
a general way by speaking out against
policies and/or actions that might endanger
their well-being or conflict with their rights.
○ The nurse promotes what is best for the client;
protects clients’ rights.
Advocate
Nurses act as patient advocates by :
*helping clients make in formed decisions
about their health, including helping them
navigate a complex medical system,
translating medical terms and helping
patients make ethical decisions.
2. Educator
○ The nurse explains to clients concepts and
facts about health.
○ Demonstrates procedures
Ex. The nurse teaches a patient with
diabetes how to do self-administration
of insulin injection.
Educator
○ Determines that the client fully
understands, reinforces learning &
evaluates the clients’ progress in learning
○ The nurse uses teaching methods that
match the client’s capabilities &
incorporates other resources such as the
family in teaching plans.
3. Communicator
○ The role of the communicator is central to
all nursing roles & activities.
○ Nursing involves communication with
clients, families & other nurses & health
care professionals, resource persons &
community.
Communicator
4. Change Agent

○ The nurse initiates changes & assists the

clients make modifications in the lifestyle
to promote health.
Change Agent
5. Collaborator
○ The nurse works in a combined effort with
all those involved in care delivery, for a
mutually acceptable plan to be obtained
that will achieve common goals; initiates
actions within the health team.
Collaborator
6. Counselor
◌Helps the client recognize & cope with
stressful psychological or social problems.
◌The role includes providing emotional,
intellectual & psychologic support.
Different Career
Development for
Nurses
1. Clinician
Goal: Provide direct patient care in a
hospital, clinic or another healthcare setting.
Uses the nursing process & critical thinking
skills
Focus: restorative & curative
Provides education to the client & family to
promote health maintenance & self-care
Clinician
Ѻ Job duties include preparing charts,
providing direct patient care, communicating
with other medical staff, and making sure
treatment is administered correctly.
Clinician
◌In collaboration with other health care
team members, the clinical nurse focuses on
returning the client to his or her home &
usual state of health.
Clinician
2. Advanced Practice Nurses
(APN)
◌The most independent functioning nurse.

◌ An APN has Masters Degree in Nursing,

advanced education in pharmacology &
physical assessment & certification &
expertise in a specialized area of practice.
 Advanced Practice
Nurses (APN)
The APN may practice in primary, acute or restorative
care settings.

* A primary health care center provides services which

are usually the first point of contact with a health
professional.
* Primary health care include services provided by
general practitioners, dentists, community nurses,
pharmacists and midwives among others.
 Advanced Practice Nurses
( APN)

* Acute care- level of health care in which a patient is treated

for a brief but several episodes of illness, for conditions that
are the results of trauma or disease or during recovery from
surgery.
Facilities include:
Hospital ( General Acute Care as well as Psychiatric,
Specialized and Rehabilitation Hospitals)
-Ambulatory Care Facility
-Home Health Agency
-End Stage Renal Disease Facility (dialysis center) ;Hospice
Advanced Practice
Nurses
(APN)
The APN functions as:
◌ Clinician
◌ Educator
◌ Case manager
◌ Consultant
◌ Researcher
2.1 Clinical Nurse Specialist
(CNS)
◌Is an APN with nursing expertise in a specialized
area of practice & may work in any practice setting
The CNS functions as:
* expert clinician
* educator
* case manager
* consultant
* researcher
Clinical Nurse
Specialist
(CNS)
2.2 Nurse Practitioner
( NP)
◌Provides health care for clients, usually in and out-
patient , ambulatory or community-based setting

◌Provides care to clients with complex problems

providing a more holistic approach, attending to
the symptoms of non-pathologic conditions,
comfort & comprehensiveness of care.
Nurse Practitioner
(NP)
◌The NP is able to establish a collaborative
provider-client relationship, & may work
with a specific group of clients or with clients
in all ages & health care needs.
Nurse Practitioner
(NP)
◌The NP has the knowledge & skills
necessary to detect & manage self-limiting
acute & chronic stable conditions.
Nurse Practitioner
(NP)
Adult Nurse
Practitioner (ANP)
◌Provides primary care to adults with non-
emergent acute or chronic illness & in some
tertiary care settings.

◌ANPs work collaboratively with one or

more primary care physicians.
Adult Nurse
Practitioner (ANP)
Pediatric Nurse
Practitioner (PNP)
◌Provides care to infants & children

◌PNPs practice in hospitals, ambulatory care,

emergency care & physician’s offices
Pediatric Nurse
Practitioner (PNP)
Acute Care Nurse
Practitioner (ACNP)
◌Functions in collaboration with a physician
or house staff physician in acute health care
settings, such as hospital or specialty clinic.
◌The ACNP is a generalist, usually based in
internal medicine, focusing on the care of
hospitalized patients.
Geriatric Nurse
Practitioner (GNP)
◌Is an ANP with specialization in care of the
older adults.

◌GNPs are trained in special needs of the

aging adult, with emphasis on health
promotion, health maintenance & functional
status.
Geriatric Nurse
Practitioner (GNP)
Geriatric Nurse
Practitioner (GNP)
The GNP works with the client & family to
manage existing health problems so as to
promote independence & self-care.

The client population is usually aged 65 and

older.
Geriatric Nurse
Practitioner (GNP)
2.3 Certified Nurse Midwife
(CNM)
Is an RN who is also educated in midwifery

The practice of nurse-midwifery involves providing

independent care for women during normal
pregnancy, labor & delivery, as well as care of
newborn.
 Certified Nurse
Midwife
(CNM)
Services include:
- assisting in normal vaginal delivery
- doing routine newborn care
- routine Papanicolaou (Pap) smears
- family planning
- treatment for minor vaginal infections
◌ A CNM practices with a health care agency that provides
medical consultation, collaborative management, & referral.
Certified Nurse
Midwife
(CNM)
2.4 Certified Registered Nurse
Anesthetist ( CRNA)
◌ Is an RN who has received advanced training in
an accredited program in anesthesiology.

◌ Nurse anesthetists provide surgical anesthesia

under the guidance & supervision of an
anesthesiologist , a physician with advanced
knowledge of surgical anesthesia.
Nurse
Anesthetist
( CRNA
3. Nurse Educator
◌ Works primarily in a school of nursing, staff
development & departments of health care
agencies, & client education departments.

◌ Requires experience in clinical practice to provide

them with practical skills & theoretical knowledge.
Nurse Educator
◌ Nursing faculty members are responsible for
teaching current nursing practice, trends, theory, &
necessary skills in laboratories & clinical settings.

◌ Nurse educators in nursing schools are usually

required to have graduated degrees in nursing &
additional educational process.
Nurse Educator
◌ The primary focus of the nurse educator in an
agency’s department of client education is to teach
ill or disabled clients & their families how to provide
care in the home.
Nurse Educator
4. Nursing
Administrator
◌ Manages client care & the delivery of specific
nursing services within a health care agency.
◌ Begins with positions such as the charge nurse or
assistant nurse manager.
◌Experience & additional education may lead to
middle-management positions such as nurse
manager of a specific patient care area or director
of the nursing service.
Nursing
Administrator
 Qualification of Nursing Service
Administrators( R.A.9173)
A person occupying supervisory or managerial positions
requiring knowledge in nursing must:
A. Be a registered nurse in the Philippines;
B. Have at least two (2) years experience in general nursing
service administration;
C. Possess a degree of Bachelor of Science in Nursing, with at
least nine (9) units in management and administration course
at the graduate level; and
D. Be a member of good standing of the accredited
professional organization of nurses
Qualification of Nursing Service
Administrators (R.A.9173)

A person occupying the position of Chief Nurse or

Director of Nursing Service shall, in addition to the
foregoing qualifications, possess:
1. At least five (5) years of experience in a
supervisory or managerial position in nursing; and
2. A master’s degree major in nursing
“ Itis not how much we do, but how much
love we put in the doing. It is not how
much we give, but how much love is put
in the giving.”

Mother Teresa
Thank you!

Mrs. Seno