Definition - DNA replication is a

biological process of producing

identical copies of parental DNA from
the parental DNA.

LOCATION –
Eukaryotes - nucleus of cell.
Prokaryotes – cytoplasm.

PHASE – S phase of meiosis.

Duration -
Prokaryotes – 20 minutes
Eukaryotes – 8 hours.
 NATURE OF DNA
DNA is semiconservative in NATURE.

This nature was proved BY –

MESELSON AND STAHL EXPERIMENT
WAS AN EXPERIMENTAL PROOF FOR
SEMICONSERVATIVE DNA
REPLICATION
(1958).
CONDUCTED ON – E.COLI
N15 (HEAVY) AND N14 (NORMAL) ARE
TWO ISOTOPES OF NITROGEN, WHICH
CAN BE DITINGUISHED IN CAESIUM
CHLORIDE (CSCL).
MESELSON AND STAHL CULTURED
E.COLI IN A MEDIUM CONSTITUTING
( N15H4CL ) OVER MANY GENERATIONS.
AS A RESULT, N15 WAS INTEGRATED
INTO THE BACTERIAL DNA. LATER,
THEY REVISED THE (N15H4 CL) MEDIUM
TO NORMAL (N14H4CL).
MACHINERY AND ENZYME
REQUIRED -
DNA Template – Strand of DNA on
which replication takes place .
Primer – It provide starting point for
DNA replication .
DNTP’s – Dinucleotide triphosphates
(DNTP’s), provide single bases ready to
go into DNA and double it , like
building blocks .
Origin of replication – a sequence of
DNA at which replication is initiated .

ENZYMES -
PROCESS –
PROCESS OF REPLICATION –
1. Enzyme helicase binds at
the origin of replication.
• Unwinding of DNA
strand.

2. Topoisomerase enzyme
binds on DNA strand.
• To release strain
caused during unwinding
of DNA.

3. SSB’s bind on each

strand to hold strand
separately.
 4. Attachment of primer by
primase enzyme, which
provide starting site for
DNA synthesis.

5. Attachment of DNA
polymerase enzyme for
the replication of DNA
from parental DNA.
• It takes place in
unidirectional – 5’ – 3’.
6. Enzyme DNA ligase joins
the Okazaki fragments
which forms during
replication on
discontinuous strand.
 BIBILOGRAPHY:-
1. www.wikipedia.org
2. www.google.com.
3. www.slideshare.com.
4. NCERT biology textbook.