INDEX

❖ Notation : nCr
❖ Binomial Theorem for positive integral Index
❖ General Term & Middle term
❖ Application of Binomial Theorem
❖ Greatest term in expansion of (a + bx)n
❖ Binomial Theorem for any Index
❖ Multinomial Theorem
❖ Binomial Coefficient Problems
Notation: nC
r
 Results

(a) nCr + nCr + 1 = n + 1Cr + 1

(b)

(c) nCx = nCy ⇒ x = y or x + y = n

 Observations

(a) n+3Cr + n+3Cr+1 = n+4Cr+1

(b) 2nCr+2 + 2nCr+3 = 2n+1Cr+3

(c)

(d)
Binomial Theorem for Positive
Integral Index
Binomial Theorem for Positive Integral Index
Binomial Theorem for Positive Integral Index
Find the number of terms in the expansion of
Find the number of terms in the expansion of

Solution:
General and Middle Term of
Binomial Expansion
 General Term of Binomial Expansion

(x + y)n = nC0xn + nC1xn-1y +….+ nCn-1xyn-1 + nCnyn

General term, Tk+1 = nCk . x n - k .y k

If the 17th and 18th terms in the expansion of
(2 + a)50 are equal, then the value of ‘a’ is:

A 1

B -1

C 2

D -2
If the 17th and 18th terms in the expansion of
(2 + a)50 are equal, then the value of ‘a’ is:

A 1

B -1

C 2

D -2
Solution:

Now,
 JEE Main 2019

If the third term in the binomial expansion of

equals 2560, then a possible value of x is

D
 JEE Main 2019

If the third term in the binomial expansion of

equals 2560, then a possible value of x is

D
Solution:
 JEE Main 13th April, 2023

The coefficient of x5 in the expansion of is

C 9

D 8
 JEE Main 13th April, 2023

The coefficient of x5 in the expansion of is

C 9

D 8
Solution:
 JEE Main 11th April, 2023

The number of Integral terms in the expansion

of is equal to:
 JEE Main 11th April, 2023

The number of Integral terms in the expansion

of is equal to:

Ans: 171
Solution:
 Observation

Here, even if they ask number of rational terms,

try to observe answer would be same
 JEE Main 25th July, 2021

The sum of all those terms which are rational

numbers in the expansion of

is:
A 89

B 27

C 35

D 43
 JEE Main 25th July, 2021

The sum of all those terms which are rational

numbers in the expansion of

is:
A 89

B 27

C 35

D 43
Solution:

= 27 + 16 = 43
 Middle Term of Binomial Expansion

Remark

For (1 + x)n :

● when n is even: term is the middle term

● when n is odd: terms are middle terms

Find the middle term in the expansion of
 Find the middle term in the expansion of

Solution:
There are two particular cases which are used very frequently.

(a) (1 + x)n =

(b) (1 - x)n =
There are two particular cases which are used very frequently.

(a) (1 + x)n = nC0 + nC1x + nC2x2 +....+ nCnxn

(b) (1 - x)n = nC0 - nC1x + nC2x2 - nC3x3 +....+ (-1)n nCnxn

The coefficient of x11 in the expansion of
(1 - 2x + 3x2 ) (1 + x)11 is ________.
 The coefficient of x11 in the expansion of
(1 - 2x + 3x2 ) (1 + x)11 is ________.

Ans: 144
 The coefficient of x11 in the expansion of
(1 - 2x + 3x2 ) (1 + x)11 is ________.

Solution:
Application of Binomial
Theorem
 Applications of Binomial Theorem

Binomial theorem has some applications in divisibility & remainder problems.

Before we do that, observe that:
 Applications of Binomial Theorem

Binomial theorem has some applications in divisibility & remainder problems.

Before we do that, observe that:
(a) (1 + x)n - 1 is divisible by x
(b) (1 + x)n - 1 - nx is divisible by x2

(c) For any integer a and b, we say ‘b’ is divisible by ‘a’ if b = ak for some k ∈ Z
Prove that:
(a) 62n - 35n - 1 is divisible by 352
(b) 9n + 1 - 8n - 9 is divisible by 64
(b) 97 + 79 is divisible by 64
Prove that:
(a) 62n - 35n - 1 is divisible by 352
Solution:

Thus, 62n - 35n - 1 is divisible by 352 for all n N

Prove that:
(b) 9n + 1 - 8n - 9 is divisible by 64
Solution:
Prove that:
(c) 97 + 79 is divisible by 64
Solution:
We have

97 + 79 is divisible by 64
Prove that 172n + 1 + 1 is divisible by 18

Remarks

(a) xn - 1 = (x - 1) (xn - 1 + xn - 2 +...+ 1)

(b) If n is odd, then

xn + 1 = (x + 1) (xn - 1 - xn - 2 + xn - 3 -...+ (-1)n - 1)
Solution:
Method I:

172n+1 + 1 = (18 - 1)2n+1 + 1

= 2n+1C0 182n+1 - 2n+1C1(18)2n + 2n+1C2(18)2n+1 + … + 2n+1C2n 18 - 2n+1C2n+1 + 1
= 18[2n+1C0182n - 2n+1C1182n-1 + … + 2n+1C2n] - 1 + 1
= 18 (integer for all n ∈ N)
Thus, 172n + 1 + 1 is divisible by 18 for all n ∈ N
Solution:
Method II:

Since (2n + 1) is odd. Thus,

172n + 1 + 1 = (17 + 1) [172n - 172n - 1 + 172n - 2 +...+ (-1)2n]
= 18 (Integer for all n ∈ N)
Thus 172n + 1 + 1 is divisible by 18 for all n ∈ N
Find remainder when 7102 is divided by 25
Find remainder when 7102 is divided by 25

Solution:

Therefore required remainder is 24

Remainder when (3)63 is divided by 26, is

A 3

B 24

C 25

D 1
Remainder when (3)63 is divided by 26, is

A 3

B 24

C 25

D 1
Solution:
Here,

⸫ Required remainder is 1
Find remainder when 7103 is divided by 25
Find remainder when 7103 is divided by 25

Solution:

Therefore required remainder is 18

 JEE Main 31st Jan, 2023

Find the remainder when 599 is divided by 11.

 JEE Main 31st Jan, 2023

Find the remainder when 599 is divided by 11.

Ans: 9
Solution:
Find last digit of 2160.
OR
Find remainder when 2160 is divided by 10.
Solution:
Here, (32)32 = (25)32 = 2160
Also,

and so on
Thus after every fourth power, digit in unit place is repeated
Thus digit at unit place for 2160 = 24 × 40 = (24)40
Thus unit place digit is 6
Greatest Term in the Expansion
of (a + bx)n
 Greatest Term in the Expansion of (a + bx)n

To find greatest term in the expansion of (a + bx)n, use the following algorithm

Step 1: Solve

Step 2: If k comes out to be non integer then greatest term is T[k] + 1 ,

where [.] is GIF,

while if k comes out to be an integer then Tk = Tk + 1 both are greatest terms

Find numerically (i.e. in magnitude) greatest term in

expansion of (3 - 5x)15 at
Solution:
Binomial Theorem for any
Index
 Binomial Theorem for any Index

Let ‘n’ be a rational number & ‘x’ be a real number such that |x| < 1,
then:
 Binomial Theorem for any Index
Some special cases:

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)
 Binomial Theorem for any Index
Some special cases:

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)
The coefficient of x3 in the expansion of
will be _____. [given |2x| < 1 ].

A 8

B 32

C 50

D None
The coefficient of x3 in the expansion of
will be _____. [given |2x| < 1 ].

A 8

B 32

C 50

D None
Solution:
 JEE Main 25th July, 2021
If b is very small as compared to the value of a, so that the cube
and other higher powers of b/a can be neglected in the identity

then the value of γ is:

D
 JEE Main 25th July, 2021
If b is very small as compared to the value of a, so that the cube
and other higher powers of b/a can be neglected in the identity

then the value of γ is:

D
Solution:
Multinomial Theorem
 Multinomial Theorem

where r, s & t are non-negative integers

 Multinomial Theorem

where r, s & t are non-negative integers

NOTE

Number of terms in expansion of (x + y + z)n is n + 2C2.

Basically it’s the number of non-negative integer solutions of r + s + t = n

In the expansion of (x + y + z)15, find
(a) Number of terms
(b) Coefficient of x5 y8 z2
(c) Coefficient of x4 y6 z2
In the expansion of (x + y + z)15, find
(a) Number of terms
 In the expansion of (x + y + z)15, find
(a) Number of terms

Solution:
Number of terms in expansion of (x + y + z)15 is
= 15 + 2C2 = 17C2
In the expansion of (x + y + z)15, find
(b) Coefficient of x5 y8 z2
 In the expansion of (x + y + z)15, find
(b) Coefficient of x5 y8 z2

Solution:
For coefficient of x5 y8 z2
General term of (x + y + z)15 is given by

Thus, coefficient of x5 y8 z2
In the expansion of (x + y + z)15, find
(c) Coefficient of x4 y6 z2
 In the expansion of (x + y + z)15, find
(c) Coefficient of x4 y6 z2

Solution:
For coefficient of x4 y6 z2
Since 4 + 6 + 2 = 12 ≠ 15
Thus, coefficient of x4 y6 z2 = 0
 JEE Main 10th April, 2023

The Coefficient of x7 in (1 - x + 2x3)10 is _____.

 JEE Main 10th April, 2023

The Coefficient of x7 in (1 - x + 2x3)10 is _____.

Ans: 960
Solution:
a b c

3 7 0

5 4 1

7 1 2
 JEE Main 29th June, 2022

If the constant term in the expansion of

is 2k . l, where l is an odd integer, then the value of k is equal to:

A 6

B 7

C 8

D 9
 JEE Main 29th June, 2022

If the constant term in the expansion of

is 2k . l, where l is an odd integer, then the value of k is equal to:

A 6

B 7

C 8

D 9
Solution:
Binomial Coefficient Problems
 Binomial Coefficient Problems
We majorly categorize the problems in two categories
Category 1:
(a) n & r both change
(b) Only r change
(c) Only n change

Category 2:
Result based Questions
 Binomial Coefficient Problems

Recall

(a) nCr + nCr+1 = n+1Cr+1 (or) n+1Cr+1 − nCr+1 = nCr

(b) nC0 + nC1 + nC2 +...+ nCn = 2n

(c) nC0 + nC2 + nC4 +... = nC1 + nC3 + nC5 +...

Find the value of
(a) 8C0 + 9C1 + 10C2 + . . . + 14C6

(b) 70C20 + 69C20 + 68C20 + 67C20+ . . . + 21C20

(c) 11C0 + 11C1 + 11C2 + 11C3 + 11C4 + 11C5

(d) 20C0 − 20C1 + 20C2 − 20C3 + . . . + 20C10

Find the value of
(a) 8C0 + 9C1 + 10C2 + . . . + 14C6

Recall

nC + nCr + 1 = n + 1Cr + 1 (or) n + 1Cr + 1 − nCr + 1 = nCr

r
 Find the value of
(a) 8C0 + 9C1 + 10C2 + . . . + 14C6

Solution:
Given, 8C0 + 9C1 + 10C2 +......+ 14C6
= (9C0 + 9C1) + 10C2 +.....+ 14C6 [∵ 8C0 = 9C0 = 1]
= (10C1 + 10C2) +.....+ 14C6 [∵ nCr + nCr+1 =
n+1C
r+1]

= 15C6
Find the value of
(b) 70C20 + 69C20 + 68C20 + 67C20+ . . . + 21C20

Recall

nC + nCr + 1 = n + 1Cr + 1 (or) n + 1Cr + 1 − nCr + 1 = nCr

r
 Find the value of
(b) 70C20 + 69C20 + 68C20 + 67C20+ . . . + 21C20

Solution:
70C + 69C20 + 68C20 + 67C20 + … + 21C20
20

= 70C20 + 69C20 + 68C20 + … + 21C20 + 21C21 - 21C21

= 71C21 - 1
Find the value of
(c) 11C0 + 11C1 + 11C2 + 11C3 + 11C4 + 11C5

Recall

(a) nC0 + nC1 + nC2 +...+ nCn = 2n

(b) nC0 + nC2 + nC4 +... = nC1 + nC3 + nC5 +... = 2n-1
Solution:
Let 11C0 + 11C1 + 11C2 + 11C3 + 11C4 + 11C5 = t
Now, 11C0 + 11C1 + 11C2 + 11C3 + 11C4 + 11C5 + (11C6 + 11C7 + 11C8 + 11C9 + 11C10 + 11C11)
−(11C6 + 11C7 + 11C8 + 11C9 + 11C10 + 11C11) = t
⇒ 211 −(11C5 + 11C4 + 11C3 + 11C2 + 11C1 + 11C0) = t [∵ nCr = nCn-r]
⇒ 211 − t = t
⇒ 2t = 211
⇒ t = 210
Find the value of
(d) 20C0 − 20C1 + 20C2 − 20C3 + . . . + 20C10

Recall

(a) nC0 + nC1 + nC2 +...+ nCn = 2n

(b) nC0 + nC2 + nC4 +... = nC1 + nC3 + nC5 +... = 2n-1
Solution:
 Binomial Coefficient Problems

Category 2:
Result based Questions
 Binomial Coefficient Problems

Results

(1)

(2)

(3)
 Binomial Coefficient Problems

Results

(4)

(5)
Slide 106

1 Sir, Yahan 4th result me aapne full chapter waale session me nCn-r karwaaya tha, to maine yahan bhi wahi kar diya hai
anurag tiwari, 19-11-2023
Find the value of

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

(e)
Find the value of (a)
Find the value of (a)

Solution:
Find the value of (b)
Find the value of (b)

Solution:
Find the value of (c)
Find the value of (c)

Solution:
Find the value of (d)
Find the value of (d)

Solution:
Find the value of (e)