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02a Statics and Restraints
02a Statics and Restraints
02a Statics and Restraints
ENGG 1300
Statics and restraints
Ir Dr. Ray Su
Faculty of Engineering
THE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG
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EXAMPLE of a static system
What is statics? A child sitting on a chair
Applied forces
A system
Support/
Restraint A physical system weight
This part is
fixed (would
support
not move under
Reactions Reactions
loading)
Ground/
The system is stable and without floor/wall
excessive movements when it is loaded.
It is a static system.
Applied loads
wall
M
Cantilever beam
Rx
Y
Symbolic
Ry X
representation of
a fixed support
Reactions
beam
or Rx1
Ry1 Rx2
Reactions
Y
Ry2
Symbolic representation X
of a pinned support
A roller beam
or
Y
Symbolic representation X
Ry1 Ry2
of a roller support Reactions
A B C
D E F
Y
V
X Internal M
forces
welding H
H M
V
Symbolic
Free body diagram representation
Y
Internal V
X forces H
H
V
Symbolic
Free body diagram representation
A pin joint
Hence, cutting a section across the strut and
A pin joint considering the FBD on the right side, only one single
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force exists in the section (like the tie).
Types of member (Beam and column)
A beam / column can resist
axial and lateral forces and
moment.
3 forces For a loaded beam (or
A Beam
column), if you cut a section
across it and consider the
FBD on the right side (or at
the top), three internal
forces exist. They are
internal bending, shear and
axial loads.
3 forces
A Column
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Rigid body motions
When an unrestrained plane (2D) system is subjected to
some loads, there are 3 possible basic rigid body motions.
A plane system
Horizontal motion
Loads
original
Y
Rotational motion
X 12
Static conditions
For the static analysis, appropriate supports should be provided
to the plane system to restrain all the rigid body motions.
Examples
Case 1 Case 2
Possible
motions
Insufficient
beam beam
restraints
If a 2-D body has less then 3 reactions then rigid body movement would be
possible. A body with such movement is called a mechanism.
Case 3 Case 4
Just
beam beam
sufficient
restraints
Case 5 Case 6
More than
beam beam
sufficient
restraints
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Static conditions
A plane truss is an assemblage of struts by pin-joints.
Struts only resist axial loads.
Example
Quadrilateral truss
Distorted under
strut in-plane loading
Mechanism
pin-joint
Examples
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Non-static systems
Examples (internal mechanism)
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SHORT QUIZ
◼ What is a static system?
◼ What are the physical properties of tie, strut and
beam?
◼ What are the physical properties of pinned, fixed and
roller supports?
◼ What are the physical properties of a hinge / pinned
joint?
◼ How to avoid the formation of mechanism for
trusses?
◼ What is the definition of a statically determinate
system?
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