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Science –Grade 8
Learning Activity Sheets
Quarter 1 – Week 3: Work and Energy

First Edition, 2021

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Development Team of the Module

Writer: Maryjane B. Monte

Editor: Dante M. Orozco

Division Validators: Gersim Lumintac, EdD

Ma. Edylyn L. Noguerra, Ph, D.
Jose Gil L. Escabal

Regional Validators:
Edna E. Trinidad, EdD.
Jujie L. Quijada
Lanelyn C. Alonsagay
Arjun D. Cerro
Antonio E. Pacatang
Analyn A. Conde

Management Team: Ma. Teresa M. Real, Schools Division Superintendent

Leonevee V. Silvosa, Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Dominico P. Larong, Jr., CID Chief
Gemma C. Pullos, PhD., LR Manager
Manuel L. Limjoco, Jr., Math EPS

Author: Maryjane B. Monte

School/Station: Surigao del Norte National High School
Division: Surigao del Norte
Email address: maryjane.monte@deped.gov.ph

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 WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
Science 8, Quarter 1, Week 3

Work and Energy

Name of Learner: ___________________________ Section: ____________

Most Essential Learning Competency:

Identify and explain the factors that affect potential and kinetic energy.
(S8FE-la-16)

Learning Objectives:
1. Differentiate potential and kinetic energy.
2. Relate the speed and position of an object to the amount of energy
possessed by a body.
3. Calculate the kinetic energy of a moving body.
4. Relate potential energy to work.
5. Calculate the change in potential energy of a body.

Time Allotment: 4 hours

Key Concepts:

• In Physics, work done by a constant force of magnitude F on a point that

moves a displacement, d in the direction of the force is the product:

W = Fd
Where: W= work done
F = force
d = displacement

Unit of force = kg m/s2 or newton, N

Hence, the unit for Work, W

W = Fd
unit of work = unit of force x unit of displacement
unit of work = N m
unit of work = Nm or joules, J
The unit, joule (J) is named after the English Physicist James Prescott Joule.
This is also a unit of energy. One (1) Joule is equal to the work done or energy
expended in applying a force of one Newton through a distance of one meter.

For example, a woman is pushing a grocery cart with a 500 Newton force along
the 7 meters aisle, how much work is done in pushing the cart from one end
of the aisle to the other?
Solution: W = Fd
W = 500N (7m)
W = 3500 Nm
W = 3500 J

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• Work is done if the object you push moves a distance in the direction towards
which you are pushing.
• No work is done if the force you exert does not make the object move.
• No work is done if the force you exert does not make the object move in the
same direction as the force you exerted.
• Kinetic Energy (KE) or also known as Energy of Motion is the energy of a
moving object. The word Kinetic comes from the Greek word kinetikos which
means moving. Kinetic energy quantifies the amount of work the object can
do because of its motion. The amount of kinetic energy possessed by an object
depends directly upon the square speed (or velocity). An increase in speed will
increase the kinetic energy.
The unit for mass is kg while for velocity it is meter per second. Hence,
the unit for Kinetic Energy, KE is

KE = ½ x mass x velocity
KE = ½ (kg)(m/s)2
KE = ½ (Nm or joules (J))

From the equation, you can see that the kinetic energy of an object depends
on its mass and velocity.

Say for example, a 1000kg car has a velocity of 17 m/s. What is the car’s
kinetic energy?

Solution: KE = ½mv2
KE = ½ (1000kg)(17m/s)2
KE = ½ (1000kg)(289m2/s2)
KE = ½ (289, 000 kg. m2/s2)
KE = 144, 500 J

• Potential Energy (PE) is the stored energy. It is the energy of an object above
the ground. It has potential to do work once released. The potential energy
gained and lost by an object is dependent on the reference level. Gravity is the
force that the earth exerts on all objects on its surface. It is always directed
downward or towards the center of the earth. Hence, when an object is lifted
from the ground, the work done is against the force of gravity. An object gains
energy when raised from the ground and loses energy when made to fall. The
energy gained or lost by the object is called gravitational potential energy or
simply potential energy (PE).

For example when a 1.0 kg book is lifted 0.5 m from the table, the force exerted
in lifting the book is equal to its weight.
F = Weight = mg
The acceleration due to gravity, g is equal to 9.8 meters per second squared
The work done in lifting the book is W = Fd
Where the displacement (d) is the height (h) to which the object is lifted.
W = mgh
This shows that the work done in lifting an object is equal to the potential
energy gained by the object. PE = mgh

The potential energy of the book lifted at 0.5m relative to the table is:

PE = (1kg)(9.8 m/s2)(0.5m)
PE = 4.9 J

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 Activity 1: Jumping Jacks

Objective: Differentiate potential and kinetic energy.

What you need: paper and pen

What to do:

1. Let the family members assume a standing X position, with arms above their
shoulders in a wide V and legs apart in an inverted V.

2. Tell them to hold the position, and explain that they are storing potential energy,
just waiting to be converted into kinetic energy -- energy in motion.

3. Allow them to do a jumping jack. Explain that, as they move, they're creating
kinetic energy; at each pause, their bodies are holding potential energy.

Guide Questions:

1. Based on the performed activity, how would you differentiate kinetic energy
from potential energy?
2. What part of the activity is potential energy possessed by your family member?
3. What part of the activity is kinetic energy possessed by your family member?

Activity 2: Speed Me Up!

Objective: Relate the speed and position of an object to the amount of energy
possessed by a body.

What you need: paper and pen

What to do:

1. Read and understand the sentences below.

2. Fill in the missing words with choices from the box given below.

potential energy mass gains

kinetic energy speed loses

1. The amount of ________ energy possessed by an object depends directly upon

the square speed (or velocity).
2. An increase in _______ will increase the kinetic energy.
3. An object _______ potential energy when raised from the ground.
4. An object _______ potential energy when made to fall.
5. _______ is the energy possessed by an object when it is brought to a certain
height from the ground.

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 Activity 3: The Kinetic In Me!

Objective: Calculate the kinetic energy of a moving body.

What you need: calculator, paper and pen,

What to do: Answer the following problems. Show your solution.

1. A 9,000kg bus has a velocity of 15 m/s. What is the kinetic energy of the bus?
2. At a velocity of 20m/s, a 10,000kg truck is traveling across the street. What
is the truck’s kinetic energy?

Activity 4: How Potential Am I?

Objective: Relate potential energy to work.

What you need: calculator, paper and pen

What to do:
1. A 2.0kg book is lifted to 0.8m above the table, how much work is done?
2. Based on problem number 1, how much potential energy is done relative to
the table?

Activity 5: How Potential Am I (Part 2)

Objective: Calculate the change in potential energy of a body.

What you need: calculator, paper and pen

What to do: Solve the following problems. Show your solutions.

1. A 1.5kg book is lifted to 0.4m above the table.
a. How much potential energy is possessed by the book?
b. If the book fell, how much potential energy is possessed by the book if
it is now 0.2m above the floor?

Author: Maryjane B. Monte

School/Station: Surigao del Norte National High School
Division: Surigao del Norte
Email address: maryjane.monte@deped.gov.ph

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Activity 2
1. The amount of kinetic energy possessed by an object depends
directly upon the square (or velocity).
2. An increase in speed will increase the kinetic energy.
3. An object gains potential energy when raised from the ground.
4. An object loses potential energy when made to fall.
5. Potential energy is the energy possessed by an object when it is
brought to a certain height from the ground.
Activity 1
1. Based on the performed activity, the difference between potential and
kinetic energy is that potential energy is stationary, with stored energy
to be released while kinetic energy is energy in motion, actively using
energy for movement.
2. When a family member paused, potential energy is acquired.
3. When a family member continued jumping, kinetic energy is acquired.
Answers Key:
The answer shows maximal error. 3 points
The answer shows minimal error. 4 points
5 points
The answer shows no error.
Rubric for Scoring
Rubric for Scoring:
2 to 3 sentences.
What will happen if one of the energies will not exist? Defend your answer in
transformations.
energy. On their own or during interactions, there are energy transfers and/or
objects moving in two dimensions. Not only that, but these objects also possess
It is evident that every day, there’s the existence of the usage of energy in
REFLECTION:
7
Email address: maryjane.monte@deped.gov.ph
Division: Surigao del Norte
School/Station: Surigao del Norte National High School
Author: Maryjane B. Monte
Activity 5
A 1.5kg book is lifted to 0.4m above the table.
a. How much potential energy is possessed by the book?
PE = (1.5kg)(9.8 m/s2)(0.4m)
PE = 5.88J
b. If the book fell, how much potential energy is possessed by the book
if it is now 0.2m above the floor?
PE = (1.5kg)(9.8 m/s2)(0.2m)
PE = 2.94J
Activity 4
1. A 2.0kg book is lifted to 0.8m above the table, how much work is done?
Solution: W = Fd
W = (mg)(d)
W = (2.0kg)(9.8 m/s2)(0.8m)
W = 15.68 J
2. Based on problem number 1, how much potential energy is done relative
to the table?
Solution: PE = (m)(g)(h)
PE = (2.0kg)(9.8 m/s2)(0.8m)
PE = 15.68 J
Activity 3
1. A 900kg bus has a velocity of 15 m/s. What is the kinetic energy of the
bus?
Solution: KE = 1/2 mv2
KE = ½ (9,000kg)(15m/s)2
KE = ½ (9,000kg)(225m2/s2)
KE = ½ (2,025,000kg.m2/s2)
KE = 1,012,500 J
2. At a velocity of 20m/s, a 10,000kg truck is travelling across the street.
What is the truck’s kinetic energy?
KE = 1/2 mv2
KE = ½ (10,000kg)( 20m/s)2
KE = ½ (10,000kg)(400m2/s2)
KE = ½ (4,000,000kg.m2/s2)
KE = 2,000,000 J
References:

• Campo, P., Chavez, M., Catalan, M.H., et al. Science – Grade 8 Learner’s
Module, First Edition – 2013. Department of Education.

• TPC and eLearning, Work, Energy, and Power - Lesson 1 - Basic Terminology
and Concepts. August 2, 2021.Accessed from:
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/energy/Lesson-1/Potential-
Energy

• Gregersen, Erik et al. Encyclopedia Britannica, August 2, 2021. Accessed

from: https://www.britannica.com/science/potential-energy

• Khanacademy.org, August 3, 2021. Accessed from:

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-physics/work-and-
energy-2/kinetic-energy/a/what-is-kinetic-energy

• Condensed Encyclopedia of Polymer Engineering Terms, 2001. August 2,

2021. Accessed from:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/potential-energy

• Henderson, Tom, (2013). Work and energy. Retrieved from

• https://itunes.apple.com/us/book/work-and-energy/id611940649?mt=13

• Hewitt, P.G. 2002. Conceptual physics. USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc, Saddle River,
New Jersey

• Kirkpatrick, L.D., & Wheeler, G.F. (1998). Physics: A world view. Forth Worth:
Saunders College

• Ostdiek, V.J., & Bord, D.J., (1987) Inquiry into physics. New York: West
Publishing

• DepEd. Science and Technology IV. SEDP Series. (1992). Philippines: Book
Media Press, Inc.

Author: Maryjane B. Monte

School/Station: Surigao del Norte National High School
Division: Surigao del Norte
Email address: maryjane.monte@deped.gov.ph