MICROSCOPE

A microscope is an instrument that

is used to magnify small objects.
 What is the Difference between
magnification and resolution?
▪ Magnification is the process of enlarging something only in
appearance, not in physical size.

▪ Resolution is the fineness, sharpness, and clarity of the

produced image when viewed through an optical
instrument. It is the ability of the instrument to produce a
detailed image of a subject.
 What is the Difference between
magnification and resolution?

Magnified image with Magnified image with

high resolution poor resolution
TYPES OF MICROSCOPE

Confocal
Microscope

Scanning
Stereoscope electron
Microscope Microscope

Compound Transmission
Microscope electron
Microscope
 Compound Dissection Electron
Microscope Microscope Microscope

Differences

Similarities
TYPES OF MICROSCOPE
Compound Microscope
Compound microscopes are light illuminated. The
image seen with this type of microscope is two
dimensional. This microscope is the most commonly
used. You can view individual cells, even living ones. It
has high magnification. However, it has a low resolution.
Compound Microscope
TYPES OF MICROSCOPE
Stereoscope/Dissecting
Microscope
A dissection microscope is light illuminated. The
image that appears is three dimensional. It is used for
dissection to get a better look at the larger specimen.
You cannot see individual cells because it has a low
magnification.
Stereoscope/Dissecting
Microscope
TYPES OF MICROSCOPE
Confocal Microscope

This microscope uses a laser light. This light is

used because of the wavelength. Laser light scan
across the specimen with the aid of scanning
mirrors. Then image is then placed on a digital
computer screen for analyzing.
Confocal Microscope
TYPES OF MICROSCOPE
Scanning Electron
Microscope (SEM)
SEM use electron illumination. The image is seen
in 3-D. It has high magnification and high resolution.
The specimen is coated in gold and the electrons
bounce off to give you and exterior view of the
specimen. The pictures are in black and white.
Scanning Electron
Microscope (SEM)
TYPES OF MICROSCOPE
Transmission Electron
Microscope (TEM)
TEM is electron illuminated. This gives a 2-D
view. Thin slices of specimen are obtained. The
electron beams pass through this. It has high
magnification and high resolution.
Transmission Electron
Microscope (SEM)
Image of pollen grains taken on a SEM shows the
characteristic depth of field of SEM micrographs

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_electron_mic
roscope#/media/File:Misc_pollen.jpg
https://www.sbnature.org/collections-
research/invertebrates/scanning-electron-microscope/
Image of Water Bear Collected by Scanning
Electron Microscope (Pailly, 2015)
Salt Look Under a Microscope
 Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae under a color
transmission electron micrograph

Plant cell (root tip cell) imaged with a Transmission

Electron Microscope (TEM)
Imaging: A.M. Wolters-Arts, Radboud University
Nijmegen.
Transmission electron micrograph of a coronavirus
 PARTS AND FUNCTION
MICROSCOPE
Arm Eyepiece

Stage Clip
Rotating
Coarse Nosepiece
Objective
Adjustment Lenses
Stage
Fine
Adjustment
Aperture

Base Diaphragm

Illuminator
 EYEPIECE

▪ is what you look through at the top of

the microscope. Typically, standard
eyepieces have a magnifying power of
10x. Optional eyepieces of varying
powers are available, typically from 5x-
30x.
 OBJECTIVE
LENSES

▪ are the primary optical lenses on a

microscope. They range from 4x-100x and
typically, include, three, four or five on
lens on most microscopes. Objectives can
be forward or rear-facing.
 Rotating
Nosepiece

▪ holds the objectives. The objectives are

exposed and are mounted on a rotating
turret so that different objectives can be
conveniently selected.
▪ The coarse adjustment knob located on the
arm of the microscope moves the stage up
and down to bring the specimen into
focus.

Coarse Adjustment
Knob
▪ This knob is inside the coarse adjustment
knob and is used to bring the specimen
into sharp focus or making the view of the
image clear and better.

Fine Adjustment
Knob
▪ is where the specimen to be viewed is
placed. A mechanical stage is used when
working at higher magnifications where
delicate movements of the specimen slide
are required.

Stage
▪ is the hole in the stage through which the
base (transmitted) light reaches the stage.

Aperture
▪ keeps the slide in place

Stage Clips
▪ controls the amount of light
reaching the specimen. It is located
right below the stage.

Diaphragm
▪ Supports the whole microscope

Base
▪ is the light source for a microscope,
typically located in the base of the
microscope.

Illuminator/
Light Source