SCIENCE 7

A GLOBE…..
● Is a model of the Earth
● Gives an accurate picture of the Earth’s surface
● Shows the location of places on a smaller scale
When describing location, it is common to mention the city, state, or
country as a location descriptor.
It is also common to talk about landmarks that may be nearby.
Another way to describe location is to use reference lines to describe
coordinates, or absolute position on the globe.
The two types of imaginary lines are used to locate positions or points to
make accurate globes and maps. These lines are called parallels of Latitude
and meridians of Longitude.
What is Latitude?
● Lines of latitude run horizontally
● Latitude is measured in degrees
● The equator is 0 degrees Latitude
● Lines of latitude locate places North or South of the Equator.

● The North Pole is 90 degrees N Latitude and the South Pole is 90

degrees S Latitude.

What is Longitude?
● Lines of longitude run vertically.
● They are also called meridians
● The Prime Meridian is 0 degrees Longitude
● Lines of Longitude locate places East or West of the Prime Meridian

The Earth is made up of variety of elements - air, water, plants,

animals, soil, rocks, minerals, crude oil, and other fossil fuels. These
elements are referred to as natural resources since they are gathered from
nature rather than being created by humans.
Natural resources are abundant in the Philippines. We have fertile,
arable land, a great plant and animal diversity, long coastlines, and rich
mineral deposits, natural gas, coal, and geothermal energy. Wind and water
are also used to generate electricity.

Water Resources and Biodiversity

Bays, rivers, lakes, falls, gulfs, straits, and swamps are only few of the
natural water formations found in the Philippines. Water is needed for the
people in the community to survive.
A single watershed may include combination
of forest, grassland, marshes, and other habitats. These watersheds include
Mt. Apo in Davao-Cotabato, Makiling-Banahaw in Laguna and Quezon, and
Tiwi in Albay, La Mesa Dam in Metro Manila, Pantabangan Dam in
Pampanga, and Angat Dam in Bulacan.
The Philippines’ right temperature and abundant rainfall contribute to
our country's status as a megadiverse country. This means that both on
land and in water, we have a high diversity of plants and animals.

Soil Resources, Rainfall and Temperature

Weathering is a process that breaks down the rocks and other
materials found on the Earth's surface. This process can occur as a result of
chemical weathering caused by the decay of rocks or mechanical weathering
caused by the breaking of stones.
 Natural Resources
Learning Competency: Cite and explain ways of using Earth’s resources
sustainably. (S7ES-IVc-4)

The Earth is made up of variety of elements - air, water, plants, animals,

soil, rocks, minerals, crude oil, and other fossil fuels. These elements are
referred to as natural resources since they are gathered from nature rather
than being created by humans. Natural resources also include sunlight and
wind. All of these things are used to help us survive or meet our needs.

Natural resources are abundant in the Philippines. We have fertile, arable

land, a great plant and animal diversity, long coastlines, and rich mineral
deposits, natural gas, coal, and geothermal energy. Wind and water are also
used to generate electricity.

Water Resources and Biodiversity

Bays, rivers, lakes, falls, gulfs, straits, and swamps are only few of the natural
water formations found in the Philippines. Water is needed for the people in the
community to survive. It's used for a variety of activities including irrigation for
agricultural supply and industry. These waters come from a watershed that
comprises the land's surface as well as the stream's underground rock
formation. A single watershed may include combination
of forest, grassland, marshes, and other habitats.
The Philippines’ right temperature and abundant rainfall contribute to our
country's status as a megadiverse country. This means that both on land and
in water, we have a high diversity of plants and animals.

Soil Resources, Rainfall and Temperature

Weathering is a process that breaks down the rocks and other materials found
on the Earth's surface. This process can occur as a result of chemical
weathering caused by the decay of rocks or mechanical weathering caused by
the breaking of stones. This is how soils are formed from rocks. Temperature,
rainfall, chemical changes, and biological action all work together to
continuously form soil.

Rocks and Mineral Resources

The Philippines is also rich in mineral deposits. These are classified into two
types: metallic and nonmetallic. Gold, copper, iron, chromite, nickel, cobalt,
and platinum are some of the
important metallic minerals found in various parts of the Philippines. Metals
are essential because they contain properties that are useful for a specific
purpose. Our country also has
nonmetallic resources such as sand, gravel, limestone, marble, clay, and other
quarry materials. The Philippines is abundant with mineral resources because
it is located along the Pacific Ring of Fire. The presence of volcanoes determines
why our location is rich in minerals.

Energy Resources
Solar energy, heat from the ground (geothermal energy), hydropower /
hydroelectric energy from falling water, natural gas, and wind energy are some
of the energy resources found in the Philippines.

Solar energy is energy from the sun that is converted into thermal or
electrical energy. It is the cleanest and most abundant energy source available.
It is free and exhaustible.

Geothermal energy is generated by the heat that exists beneath the

ground. This energy is the primary source of geothermal power plants in
Laguna, Tiwi in Albay, Mt. Apo on the Cotabato side, and elsewhere.

Hydropower, or hydroelectric power plants that use water to generate

electricity, accounts for approximately 27 percent of total production. Agus in
Lanao del Sur and Lanao del Norte, Magat in Isabela, Loboc in Bohol, and other
places are among them.

Natural gas, coal and crude oil are all considered fossil fuel. These are formed
millions of years ago from fossilized plants and animals. They are buried deep
underground and are used to generate electricity, power vehicles, and other
factory machines. Our natural gas is found off the coast of Palawan. Natural
gas emits the least carbon dioxide when burned, making it a clean fuel.

Conserving Natural Resources

Natural resources are classified into two types: renewable and nonrenewable.
Renewable resources are the resources that can be replaced. Example of
renewable resources are plants, animals, and water. Nonrenewable resources
are resources that
cannot be replaced easily or takes a long time to be replaced. Metals, soil, coal,
oil, natural gas are examples of nonrenewable resources.