RAMATU TURAY 21153

HARDWARE DIPLOMA 1
DATA COMMUNICATION SKILL
ASSIGNMENT
1 what is data communication? What are the main component of data
communication?
The term “Data Communication” comprises two words: Data and
Communication. Data can be any text, image, audio, video, and multimedia
files. Communication is an act of sending or receiving data. Thus, data
communication refers to the exchange of data between two or more
networked or connected devices.
Main component of data communication
Sender, receiver, communication medium, the message and protocols
2 Which communication mode allows communication in both directions
simultaneously?
Full-duplex Communication allows two-way or bidirectional can send and
receive data simultaneously.
4 what are the three categories of wired media explain
(A) Twisted Pair Cable - A twisted-pair consists of two copper wires twisted
like a DNA helical structure. Both the copper wires are insulated with plastic
covers. Usually, a number of such pairs are combined together and covered
with a protective outer wrapping. Each of the twisted pairs act as a single
communication link. The use of twisted configuration minimizes the effect of
electrical interference from similar pairs close by.
(B) Coaxial cable - It has a copper wire at the core of the cable which is
surrounded with insulating material. The insulator is further surrounded with
an outer conductor (usually a copper mesh). This outer conductor is wrapped
in a plastic cover. The key to success of coaxial cable is its shielded design that
allows the cable's copper core to transmit data quickly, without interference of
environmental factors. These types of cables are used to carry signals of higher
frequencies to a longer distance.
(C) Optical Fiber - The optical fiber cable carries data as light, which travels
inside a thin fiber of glass. Optic fiber uses refraction to direct the light through
the media. Such types of cables are usually used in backbone networks. These
cables are of light weight and have higher bandwidth which means higher data
transfer rate.
5 COMPARE THE WIRED AND WIRELESS
A wired network is one where the devices in the network are connected using
cables. Most wired networks are Ethernet networks. Wireless networks use
radio waves to connect devices. There are a range of wireless technologies, but
the most common are Wi-Fi and Bluetooth.
6 which transmission media carrier signals in the form of light
The optical fiber cable carries data as light, which travels inside a thin fiber of
glass.
7. LIST OUT THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGE OF OPTICAL FIBER CABLE
Advantages and Disadvantages of Optical Fiber
Advantages of Optical Fiber
Greater bandwidth & faster speed—Optical fiber cable supports extremely
high bandwidth and speed. The large amount of information that can be
transmitted per unit of optical fiber cable is its most significant advantage.
Cheap—long, continuous miles of optical fiber cable can be made cheaper than
equivalent lengths of copper wire. With numerous vendors swarm to compete
for the market share, optical cable price would sure to drop.
Thinner and light-weighted—Optical fiber is thinner, and can be drawn to
smaller diameters than copper wire. They are of smaller size and light weight
than a comparable copper wire cable, offering a better fit for places where
space is a concern.
Higher carrying capacity—because optical fibers are much thinner than copper
wires, more fibers can be bundled into a given-diameter cable. This allows
more phone lines to go over the same cable or more channels to come through
the cable into your cable TV box.
Less signal degradation—the loss of signal in optical fiber is less than that in
copper wire.
Light signals—unlike electrical signals transmitted in copper wires, light signals
from one fiber do not interfere with those of other fibers in the same fiber
cable. This means clearer phone conversations or TV reception.
Long lifespan—Optical fibers usually have a longer life cycle for over 100 years.

Disadvantages of Optical Fiber

Low power—Light emitting sources are limited to low power. Although high
power emitters are available to improve power supply, it would add extra cost.
Fragility—Optical fiber is rather fragile and more vulnerable to damage
compared to copper wires. You’d better not to twist or bend fiber optic cables
too tightly.
Distance—the distance between the transmitter and receiver should keep
short or repeaters are needed to boost the signal.
8. HTTP stand for
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
a. Write short note on the following
b. HTTP: stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol. It is the primary protocol
used to access the World Wide Web
c. Bandwidth: Bandwidth is a measure of how much information a network
can transfer.
d. Bluetooth: Bluetooth is a network technology that connects mobile
devices wirelessly over a short-range to form a personal area network
(PAN).
e. DNS: A Domain Name System (DNS) turns domain names into IP
addresses, which allow browsers to get to websites and other internet
resources.
f. Data transfer rate: Data Transfer Rate (DTR) can be defined as the ratio
of the total amount of digital data transferred between two points
10 what is protocol in data communication? Explain with one example
Protocols: It is a set of rules that need to be followed by the communicating
parties in order to have successful and reliable data communication. For
example - Ethernet and HTTP.